head and neck anatomy

1. • *Maxilla made up of 2 maxillae has large body which
contains maxillary paranasal sinuses.
• *Maxillary tuberosity is a rounded eminence located behind the
last molar tooth, above this tuberosity is posterior alveolar canal
for posterior alveolar nerve.

2. • frontal,maxillary,eth
moidal,and sphenoid
para nasal sinuses
are surrounding and
opening into the
nasal cavity. Main
functions are to
resonate voice and
decrease skull
weight.

3. • *Each maxillae has four processes :-
• I -zygomatic process to form anterior part of
zygomatic arch. 2- frontal process projected
medially to form medial wall of orbit.

4. • 3-palatine process which project medially to form part of
bony palate.
• 4-alveolar process which contain alveoli for roots of upper
teeth.

5. • *Hard palate: - formed anteriorly by palatine
process of maxillae while post 1/4 is formed by
horizontal plates of the palatine bones. *Median suture
between the right and left sides of hard
palate.*Transverse suture between palatine processes
of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones.

6. • *Medial to last molar there is greater and lesser palatine
foramina, which runs down from the pterygopalatine
fossa, these foramina transmit nerves and vessels of the
same name. *Anterior to palatine process of maxilla is
incisive foramen which transmits nasopalatine nerve
(branch from pterygopalatine ganglion) and terminal
branch of the greater palatine artery.

7. ORBIT:-
Roof : 1-orbital part of frontal bone. 2-lesser wing win of the
sphenoid.
Lateral wall: 1-orbital surface of zygomatic bone. 2-greater wing
of sphenoid.
Floor: I-body of Maxilla.
2-orbital plate of palatine bone at
posteromedial.
Medial wall:-
1-frontal process of maxilla.
2-lacrimal bone-
3-orbital plate of ethmoidal
labyrinth.
4-body of sphenoid.

9. *The lateral wall and floor are separated by inferior orbital fissure.
*Infraorbital groove arise from medial part of inferior orbital fissure, then
changed to a canal and opened as infraorbital foramen which transmits
infraorbital nerve (a continuation of maxillary nerve).
* Optic canal near medial end of superior orbital fissure.
*Lacrimal groove located on medial wall, the nasolacrimal canal descend from
it and opened into inferior meatus of nasal cavity.