Launch vehicle systems include propulsion, stage structures, control systems, separation systems, and heat shields. Propulsion provides launch power through solid rockets, liquid engines, and auxiliary thrusters. Stage structures withstand structural loads on the launch vehicle. Control systems carry out programmed launch events like ignition and cutoff. Separation systems ensure spent stages, satellites, and heat shields detach properly. Heat shields protect satellites from thermal loads during launch.

1. Launch vehicle systems

2.  Propulsion systems
Provide the required power for launch vehicle
• Solid rockets (Booster, Upper stages, Apogee kick motor)
• Liquid engines ( Booster, Sustainer, Apogee kick motor
Thrusters)
• Auxiliary Propulsion systems for attitude & orbit control of
satellites
 Stage structures
Designed to withstand the structural loads coming on launch
vehicle
• Inter stage structure
• Vented inter stage

3.  Control systems
Carry out all the events programmed for the launch vehicle
mission such as booster ignition, booster cut off etc
• Close loop control system
• Open loop control system
 Separation systems
Ensure separation of spent stages, satellite & heat shield
• Separation mechanism such as Mermon bond
• Explosive bolts
• Separation rockets such as retro rocket, Ullage rocket
 Heat shield
Protect the satellite from environmental thermal load

4. SATURN VEHICLE SYSTEMS

6. S-IC First Stage Internal Configuration