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:
1. http://citcity.ru/11986/ .
2. http://www.csa.ru/analitik/distant/q_9.html .
3. http://citforum.ru/hardware/app_kis/glava_5.shtml -
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7

8. 2.
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2– ;3– ;
4– (HDD)
1. ( ) ( . motherboard)
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8

9. . (
25 – 30 ), ,
, ,
.
2.1 –
http://ru.asus.com
Asus
GigaByte http://www.gigabyte.ua
MSI (Micro- http://ru.msi.com
Star
International)
http://www.foxconn.ru
Foxconn
Asrock http://www.asrock.com
ElitGroup http://www.ecsusa.com
http://www.palit.com.tw
Palit
ntel
AMD.
,
( .2.2).
2.2 –
,
ATX 305 244
eATX 305 330
Mini-ATX 284 208
Micro-ATX 244 244
Mini-ITX 170 170
Nano-ITX 120 120
,
, ,
,
, .
9

10. 2.2 – Asrock
Socket775 i945P
Asrock Socket 775 i945P
2.2) :
1– Socket LGA775;
2, 3 – Intel 945P (QG82945P + NH82801GR
(ICH7R));
4– DDR ;
5– , CD DVD
(
– ATA 133, UltraDMA 133, Parallel ATA (Advanced
Technology Attachment) E-IDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive
Electronics));
6– PCI Express 16x (
);
7– PCI Express 1x;
8– Serial ATA (SATA).
SATA
Parallel ATA (
5 .2.2);
9– PCI;
10

11. 10 – BIOS AMI BIOS 4 ;
11 – ;
12 – (LPT; USB;
S/PDIF-Out (Coaxial/Optical); COM .).
- , , , USB
(1.1/2.0, 3.0) - .
.
2. ( )– ,
.
(Ch pSet - )
, CPU
. ,
, ,
( AMD
),
.
: ntel,
NV , AMD, V S S.
2 ,
.
2.3 – Intel iP35
(Northbr dge)
( FSB - Front S de Bus),
(SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3), (
AGP PC Express) , ,
(Southbr dge),
11

12. .
, AGP PC
Express - .
2.4 - Intel iP45
, ,
PC (Per pheral Components nterconnect) PC
Express, ( DE SATA-
), , , USB- RA D-
.
B OS.
, , ,
Celeron 420 Core 2 Duo E7200.
3.
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.
12

13. ,
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2. ( );
3. ( ).
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1 .
(FSB-Front S de Bus) - , CPU
.
Quad-Pumped Bus (QPB) - 64- ,
ntel .
(
) . , FSB, 200 ,
800
(4 200 ).
HyperTransport ( )- ,
AMD
AMD 8 , .
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Peer-to-Peer ( ),
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4. ,
CPU ( . Central Process ng Un t) -
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13

14. .
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, ,
. - 8, 16, 32, 64 .
: ,
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. ( ntel
AMD), .
– ,
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.
( ):
Intel – Socket 775 Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Xeon,
eleron), Socket 1366 Core i7, Xeon); Socket 1156 (Core i3,
Core i5, Core i7, (CPU+GPU)), Socket 1155 (Core
i3, Core i5, (CPU+GPU)).
AMD - Socket AM2 ( Sempron, Athlon, Phenom), Socket
AM3 ( Sempron, Athlon II, Phenom II), Socket FX1
(CPU+GPU) : 6, 8).
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FPU .
L1 -
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(L1) ,
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14

15. 128 ( =8 , 1 0 1, =103, =106,
=109 ).
L2 – ,
, L1. L2
.
L2 64 8000 (8 ).
, , .
, . , Pentium
Pentium II - Pentium III (IV)
( ) , .
Intel, 32-
12 : 8088, 286, 386, 486,
Pentium, Pentium II - Pentium III, Pentium 4, Core 2 Duo, Core i7, Core i5,
Core i3.
. ,
. , Pentium IV
- , n, . ,
Pentium IV,
Celeron – .
L2 ,
. -
,
. n (2,4 ),
Pentium IV – 256-2048 , Celeron 128-256 .
AMD.
Phenom, Athlon, - Sempron.
:
, .
.
.
, , “ ”.
). ,
, Intel 2007
, 0,045- 0,065 , “ ”.
(Pentium Core 2 Duo Celeron D),
Conroe ( Conroe
Kentsfield) Penryn
(Wolfdale Yorkfield ).
,
15

16. ,
. , ,
,
. , ,
, .
5.
5.1
(PATA) .2.5).
– ATA 133, UltraDMA 133, Parallel ATA
(Advanced Technology Attachment) E-IDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive
Electronics).
(CD DVD) .
ATA (Parallel ATA)
ATA (Ser al ATA). 40-
80 ( ).
2.5 – PATA
.2.5 , –
, – DVD (
16

17. ).
5.2 Serial ATA
(SATA). SATA
Parallel ATA. Ser al ATA
150 . 1
. SATA " ",
SATA , -
.
, ATA,
" " .
2.6 – SATA: ( ),
( ),
( )
5.3 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
. PC 1991 ( 1.0)
.
, ,
. PC ISA.
17

18. 2.7 – PCI
PCI ( 1.0):
33 ,
;
133 / ;
32- ;
32- (4 );
3,3 5 .
5.4 PC Express. 22 2002 -
. PC Express
. AGP. PC e x16
, AGP 8x.
18

19. 2.8 – PCI Express
5.5
2.9 –
19

20. 5.6
2.10 –
5.7 USB Un versal Ser al Bus (USB)
,
, , ,
. , host- USB
100 .
:
12 USB 1.1;
480 USB 2.0;
4800 USB 3.0
20

21. USB 1.1, USB 2.0, USB 3.0 - .
– host-
USB , USB- . USB
,
( USB- ,
500 5 ).
USB- :
" A": ;
" B": USB-
;
-USB:
, .
2.11 – -USB " A" ( ) "
B" ( )
5.8 PS/2
,
USB.
: – , - .
2.12 – PS/2
) ( )
21

22. 5.9 VGA . 15-
M -D-Sub
). VGA (Video Graphics Array)
, ,
(H-Sync) (V-Sync) .
2.13 – VGA ( )
VGA ( )
5.10 DV . DV (Digital Visual Interface)
, , ,
.
, .
2.14 – DV
,
. ,
.
DV ,
.
22

23. 5.11 RJ45 LAN
2.15 – RJ45: ( )
PC - ( )
Ethernet :
,
;
,
.
5.12 RJ11 . RJ45 RJ11
, RJ11 , RJ45 .
RJ11 , ,
.
2.16 – RJ 11: RJ11 ( )
RJ11 ( )
Com-
,
23

24. , ; Game- ,
. .
Intel AMD:
AMD K8,
Athlon 64 « »
, 64-
. , ntel ,
» NetBurst , .
, Pent um 4 10 .
NetBurst ( - P68) -
, ntel,
Pent um 4, Pent um D, Celeron Xeon.
: NetBurst ,
, .
NetBurst
. NetBurst
.
, Pent um 4
, ,
4 .
Athlon 64,
ntel.
ntel NetBurst Pent um 4
Core. Core
. ,
, .
Core 7 Nehalem Core 3/ 5/ 7
32 Sandy Br dge.
AMD ,
. , Core 3-2100 $125
32 , AMD Phenom X4 955
45 ) $150 .
AMD
Stars,
,« »
,
.
24

25. 2006 AMD AT ,
Radeon.
AMD Fus on. ,
.
, Fus on
Brazos APU E C,
.
ntel Atom
Brazos .
Socket 775
(Intel Pentium 4, Celeron D, Pentium D, Core 2 Duo)
Socket 1366 (Core 7), Socket1156 (Core i3 / i5 / i7)
3.6 - 3.7 - Core 7
LGA 775 (Socket 775) (Socket 1366)
Intel .
, - ,
Socket.
(Pentium 4,
Celeron D), (Pentium D, Core 2 Duo),
.
: DDRII DDR III, PCI
Express, Serial ATA I-II, FSB 1600 .
Socket AM2
(Athlon 64, Athlon 64 2, Athlon 64 FX, Sempron)
Socket AM3 (AMD Phenom II X4, AMD Phenom II X3)
AMD .
AM2+ AM3
2. 938. AM2+
DDR II, AM3 DDR III.
25

26. 3.8 –
AM2
3.9 –
2+, AM3
:
1. http://www.ixbt.com/cpu/amd-intel-cpu-jan2010.shtml
AMD Intel.
2. http://www.benchmark.kz/news.php?hardware&id=480
Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 .
3. http://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/pci-express.shtml PCI Express
2014 .
4.http://www.thg.ru/cpu/amd_apu_llano_a8_3500m/amd_apu_llano_a8_350
0m-03.html AMD A8-3500M: APU Llano
5.http://itc.ua/articles/usb_3_0_periferijnyj_interfejs_budushhego_obnovleno
_47701 USB 3.0: .
26

27. 3
RAID
RAID ( .3.1) –
SATA)
,
.
( ) .
RAID :
1. ;
2. .
RAID RAID 0, 1 0+1.
3.1 – RAID -
27

28. RAID 0
( .3.2).
,
( ,
),
.
-
, / ,
.
- :
.
3.2 - (RAID 0)
RA D 1
(« »).
" (m rror ng) -
.
,
.3.3). ,
.
- ,
.
28

29. -
, 100%- .
3.3 - ( ) (RAID 1)
RA D 1
RA D 0+1, RA D 1+0 RA D 10, RA D 0
RA D 1,
.
RAID 0+1 « »( .3.4), RAID
1+0 – « ».
« » « », - .
3.4 - RAID 0+1
29

30. 3.5 - RAID LSI LOGIC MegaRAID
RA D 0+1 ,
RA D
. RA D 1+0. , 10
(5 2) 5
.
:
1. http://www.ferra.ru/online/storage/s26107/page-2/ -
RAID- .
2. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid.
( . RAM – Random Access Memory) -
-
,
, .
.
30

31. ,
,
.
.
, "0" "1",
.
"1", -
"0". ,
.
, ,
.
. ,
64 .
,
,
,
.
,
.
, .
- ( ).
-
.
.
4
, SRAM
( DRAM),
, CPU. –
. (
) 4- 2- .
DDR, DDR II, DDR II .
SPD.
:
, .
DDR
DDR ( .3.6)
: ( !)
-
31

32. . DDR
: DDR-266 -2100.
3.6 - ( ) DDR
: ,
( 266 MHz,
133 MHz), -
(2100 MBps).
.
DDR
Socket 775. DDR
DDR. DDR
, DDR .
, DDR , DDR,
.
, DDR.
,
, .
. ,
,
, ,
DDR.
. , , DDR2-400
32

33. , DDR 200 PC100 SDRAM.
. -
. ,
, ,
.
DDR
,
" "
. 2 ,
DDR ( .3.7).
DDR DDR -800 DDR
-1600 .
2
. ,
1
" " 1600 (
, .3.8 ) 200-
8 " " .
, 8
.
3.7 – DDR ( ) DDR ( )
:
–
;
– .
33

34. 3.8 – DDR-400
), DDR -800 ( ), DDR -1600 ( )
:
, ,
( ), ( ).
10.
:
Samsung, M cron, LG, Hyn x, Tosh ba, Nec, Texas nstruments
,
34

35. . ,
.
- ,
. A, 10% ) -
. ,
.
.
)- ,
.
,
. , ,
,
, , , ,
.
),
. ,
,
.
noname,
.
. ,
(PCB), ,
, .
, .
.
1.
, ( . PN - Part
Number), .
(QC);
2. – Corsa r,
Transcend ngston, A.
30.
3.
- , ,
. Samsung
(SEC) PCB , ,
;
4. : Cruc al,
ng, S mple Technology - .
35

36. 5.
M.tec, PQ NCP.
6. ,
" PC133",
, " n", "ACE", "PLUSS", "AM1",
"VM" ., .
:
1. http://www.ixbt.com/mainboard/ddr3-rmma.shtml.
DDR3. DDR SDRAM,
.
36

37. 4
.
, , .
(
) - (PCI-
Express, PCI, ISA, VLB, EISA, MCA) (AGP).
( )
( ,
CPU).
ntel, V A, S S,
AT ( AMD) NV A,
AT NV A.
,
.
,
, 3D
. AT
NV .
4.1 – Nvidia Geforce ATI Radeon
Nvidia Geforce ATI Radeon ,
, .
: croStar, ASUS, Sapph re, G gabyte,
Cha ntech, Ga nward, Colorful,
Leadtek, Sparkle.
,
.
,
37

38. .
, 640 480 , .
, ,
, ,
3D- .
- ( ).
, ,
, ,
.
( -
1,5 .) ,
.
3D- ,
.
.
4.1
( .4.2) (GPU
- Graph c Processor Un t) (1).
4.2 –
38

39. (CPU),
, , , GPU
,
2D 3D- .
,
. (2) ( , PC Express)
.
(3) .
(4)
: , .
VGA (5), -
DV (6).
DV -D.
200 ,
-
.
(7).
4.2
, , - ,
:
- AGP PC -Express.
, :1 ,2 ,4 ,8 , PC -Ex
16 . ,
, ,
(8 ).
PC -Express 1.1 PC -Express 2.0. ,
PC -E 16x,
4 (PC -Express 1.1) 8 (PC -Express 2.0)
, PC -E 8x (
SL - CrossF re- ).
PCI-Express 2.0 PCI-Express 1.1,
.
, PC -Express 2.0
300 ,
2x4- .
,
.
:
39

40. .
( ).
4.3 – PCI Express 16x
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
VGA, S-V deo - DV HDM :
VGA (15- D-
Sub);
S-V deo ( S-VHS)
.
,
S-V deo,
;
( ) , ,
40

41. DV (D tal V sual nterface). ,
, DV
,
. DV DV -D,
DV ,
(VGA). VGA-
DV ;
DV Dual-L nk DV ,
( 1920 1200)
DV . Dual-L nk DV
DV , ;
HDM (H gh Def on Mult med a
nterface) ,
.
HDM - 10
.
.
4.3
–
.
– 90-
. , 2000 3dfx
Voodoo 5 5500 , Voodoo 5 6000 4
.
. , Nvidia Geforce GTX 295 AMD
(ATI) Radeon HD5970. , ,
.
.
Nvidia SL (Scalable L nk nterface -
) -
NV ,
Mult -GPU Render ng.
,
.
SL ,
( NV )
,
41

42. PC -Express (NV GeForce 6x00 ,
GPU). ,
SL - ,
PC -E.
SL
3D- ,
,
.
4.4 – Nvidia Geforce
SL
42

43. CrossF re AMD (ATI) NV
SL
.
4.5 – CrossF re
AMD (ATI)
4.4
- .
– ,
43

44. . ( )
, GeForce 6
130 . ,
, , ,
, Everest).
0,09 ( 90 , 1000 = 1 ) 65
.
RAMDAC ( ).
,
.
– -
.
. ,
.
RAM,
.
512 , .
,
, , 1024
.
. , - ,
, .
GDDR ( . Graph cs Double Data Rate) -
(DRAM)
(DDR),
( ).
GDDR
(double-dynam c rate) ,
, .
, 500 ,
DDR 1000 .
:
GDDR - 600 ( )
Radeon 9600, GeForce 6600, GeForce FX5600.
.
GDDR2 – 600 1000 7600gs
GDDR3 900 2000 .
GDDR4 2000
Radeon HD2900xt, HD 3870(x2)
GDDR5 9 .
44

45. . -
. ,
2,5 GDDR3.
. ,
.
32, 64, 128 256 .
. Low-End-
64 32
, 256 ,
.
GPU -
.
.
. -
,
. GPU .
- ,
. , 3D
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
.
,
, ,
.
.
, -
. , ,
.
.
,
,
. 8
nV a (G80) 2000 AMD/AT (R600).
45

46. rectX ( . d rect - , )-
(API), AP ,
,
crosoft W ndows. rectX
.
D rectX M crosoft W ndows
M crosoft. D rectX
, D rectX AP
, , W ndows,
.
D rectX 11.1 ( 14
2011 ), Windows 8
Developer Preview.
OpenGL (Open Graph cs L brary - ,
AP ) - ,
,
. – OpenGL 4.2 (8
2011 ).
.
.
.
.
.
. ?
) ,
.
, .
Mult -GPU SL Crossf re, NV PureV deo,
, ,
: , .
( ):
, .
:
)
gh dynam c range (HDR) - ,
.
46

47. , ,
( ), .
-
, .
. :
, . ,
- . NV AT
,
.
( (antialiasing)) - ,
" , .
- ,
. ,
- ,
. , " "
. , -
.
(TMU),
( ),
.
TMU
, ;
(ROP),
( ). TMU,
ROP .
( ) - ,
. ,
.
– ,
.
, . ,
.
(
, ).
( ) = (1000/ )*2
, )
, (
),
47

48. ,
. .
,
( - ),
.
.
( « »)
.
:
(
«0» «1»);
( , );
«0» «1» .
, , ,
. 12 31 .
, .
(CPU).
,
,
.
:
(Low-end) - $100 - .
RadeOn HD4650, RadeOn HD3850, RadeOn HD4670,
GeForce 9500GT, GeForce 9600GT
low-end ,
,
HD- –
. NV
PureV deo, AMD-AT - AV VO HD.
(M ddle-end ma nstream) - $100-$300.
,
30-50 fps.
, 1280 1024,
48

49. .
RadeOn HD4850, RadeOn HD4870
GeForce 9800GT, GeForce GTS250.
(H -end) - ,
900$.
NV .
GeForce 8800GT, GeForce GTX285, GeForce GTX295
. « »
, , ,
.
,
.
:
1. http://www.comcity.ru/articles/video
2. http://article.techlabs.by/31_7572.html PCI-E
2.0 PCI-E 1.0
3. http://www.navigato.ru/years/2006/2006-10-20/pc-navigator/ PCI Express
2.0:
49

50. 5
,
", , ,
. -
,
.
;
.
.
:
1. . ,
( ), (
) ;
,
. ,
,
( , ,
).
25 , – 35 .
2. , .
,
. , ,
,
. ,
50

51. . ,
, .
. ,
( –
) .
, , ,
, .
( ,
).
3. ,
(
80, 90, 120 ).
4. .
, ,
. ,
,
,
, .
5. (HDD, D-ROM, D-RW,
DVD-ROM, DVD-RW).
, .
,
.
,
.
.
(8086, 8088)
desktop ( ( .5.1).
5.1 – Desktop
51

52. ,
,
, , .
,
.
,
.
.
( BM-
1995 )
desktop (AT/Desktop)
Tower (AT/Tower ( .5.2)).
. (3,5"
5,25"):
1) M tower - . :2
2) M tower. . : 3-4.
.
3) B gtower (FullTower). .
. : 5-8.
5.2 – Tower
.
1995 ntel ( .
Advanced Technology Extended) –
52

53. (2011 ) ,
– m croATX, flexATX, m TX (
ATX,
).
Dell, Ch eftec, CoolerMaster, n, 3R, Foxconn .,
noname - ,
. ,
, .
.
, 80386SX
. ,
80386DX
.
( ,
),
, Pent um 2 ,
(CPU).
, ,
.
. ,
. . .
, ,
– .
,
.
, ,
.
D " " AMD
Athlon Socket .
.
. ,
,
, ,
. -
.
53

54. " " ,
CPU,GPU, , HDD,
. ,
– .
. ntel 1997 " "
.5.3).
5.3 –
. ,
1 USB 2
N/OUT). ( .5.4)
, ,
, ,
54

55. .
EEE 1394 (F reW re).
5.4 –
, ,
"( .5.5) - ,
, ,
.
5.5 –
55

56. " "
, .
5.6 –
-
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
5 :
1. .
2. 40 -
50°C.
3. .
4. .
5.
, , , .
56

57. , .
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SEA SON ELECTRON CS CO LTD.
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60