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Describer­Subject 
 
Pronoun     describer                subject  ​                    ​   Pronoun       describer       subject 
  E​                 akoi                    ​Iesu Kristo                                E​              akoi                ​ngai 
 Si               ​mabait                   ​Jesucristo                            (Ang)          ​mabait             ​siya 
                  ​Mabait po​              si Jesucristo                                            ​Mabait po​         siya 
 
Pronoun       describer                subject   
A                   ​tatangiria​          te Atua ao Iesu Kristo 
ang​/si         ​mapagmahal​         ​Diyos​ at Jesucristo  
                   ​Mapagmahal po​       ​ang Diyos​ at si Jesucristo 
 
Existentials 
 
Existential     pos. pronoun         object         subject 
       iai                   ​ana​                  baibare         ​te Atua 
Meron po       ​     siyang​               plano 
Meron pong                                  plano           ​ang Diyos 
 
Existential     pos. pro.         object         subject 
Akea                  ​ana ​               bure           ​Iesu Kristo 
Wala po           ​siyang ​           kasalanan 
Wala pong                              kasalanan    ​si Jesucristo 
 
Actor Focus 
 
 ​Pronoun       verb                      subject ​                         ​Pronoun       verb               subject  
      E ​             tataro              ​Iotebwa Timitii                         E             ​tataro ​             te nao 
      Si​           nagdasal            ​Joseph Smith                       Ang       ​nagdasal​            lalake 
                  Nagdasal po       ​si Joseph Smith                          ​Nagdasal po      ​ang lalake 
 
Pronoun       verb         clarifyer pron. 
       E            ​tataro​             ngaia  
     (ang)​       nagdasal         ​siya 
                  Nagdasal po      ​siya 
Tense 
 
 Pronoun       tense           verb                  object                         subject   
       E              ​a tia ni​      ​wareka​       te Ana Boki Moomon          ngai 
Nagbasa​ siya ng Aklat ni Mormon 
 
 Pronoun       tense            verb                  object                         subject  
        E             ​tabe ni​        ​wareka​      te Ana Boki Moomon          ngaia 
Nagbabasa​ siya ng Aklat ni Mormon 
 
 Pronoun       tense            verb                        object                         subject  
        A               ​na​              ​wareka​        te Ana Boki Moomon             ngaiia 
Magbabasa​  sila ng Aklat ni Mormon 
 
magdasal = tataro (command) 
nagdasal  = ​a tia ni​ tataro (past) 
nagdarasal = ​tabe ni​ tataro (present) 
magdarasal (magdadasal) = ​e na​ tataro (future) 
 
magturo = angareirei (command) 
nagturo = a tia angareirei (past) 
nagtuturo = e tabe nangareirei (present) 
magtuturo = e na angareirei (future) 
 
magligtas = kamanoa (command) 
nagligtas = a tia kamanoa (past) 
nagliligtas = e tabe kamanoa (present) 
magliligtas = e na kamanoa (future) 
 
magbigay = anga (command) 
nagbigay = a tia anga (past) 
nagbibigay = tabe ni anga (present) 
magbibigay = e na anga (future) 
 
bitia = bago 
 
magtatag = katea 
nagtatag = a tia katea 
nagtatatag = tabe ni katea 
magtatatag = e na katea 
 
magbahagi = tibwaia 
nagbahagi 
nagbabahagi 
magbabahagi 
 
Other examples of showing tense 
 
Past​                                                            ​Present 
E      nakon    te buokonikai                     E        ​nakon​    te buokonikai ​ngkai 
Pumunta siya sa kakahuyan                   ​Pumupunta​ siya sa kakahuyan 
 
Past 
E      ​nakon​    te buokonikai     ​ngkoananoa 
Pumunta​ siya sa kakahuyan ​kahapon​. 
 
pumunta = nako (command) 
pumunta = nakon (past) 
pumupunta = e tabe nakonako (present) 
pupunta = e na nakonako (future) 
 
 
 
Past​                                                               ​Present 
E     ​a​   ​tataro​     Iotebwa Timitii                 E     ​a​    ​tataro​    Iotebwa Timitii ​ngkai 
Nagdasal​ si Joseph Smith                          ​Nagdarasal​ si Joseph Smith 
 
Future​                                                                   ​Past   
E  ​a ​ ​tataro​ Iotebwa Timitii ​ningaabong​           E   ​a​   ​tataro​ Iotebwa Timitii   ​ngkoananoa   
Magdarasal​ si Joseph Smith ​bukas​                 ​Nagdasal​ si Joseph Smith  ​kahapon 
 
 
Intransitive­ 
Pronoun       verb           prep. phrase               subject  
      ​E ​           tataro         ​n te buokonikai​ ​      ​Iotebwa Timitii 
      ​Si​         nagdasal      ​sa kakahuyan​          ​Joseph Smith 
    ​verb                       actor                     location   
Nagdasal po     ​si Joseph Smith​    ​sa kakahuyan 
 
Pronoun       verb             prep. phrase                    subject  
      ​A ​           taetae        ​ma Iotebwa Timitii​ ​    ​te Atua ao Iesu Kristo 
  ​ang​/si ​     nagsalita      ​kay Joseph Smith​ ​      ​Diyos​ at Jesucristo 
    ​verb                               actor                                      receiver 
Nagsalita po       ​ang Diyos​ at si Jesucristo         ​kay Joseph Smith 
 
Transitive­ 
 
 Pronoun        verb                  object                   subject  
        ​E​             rinea                ​ ​burabeti​                ​te Atua 
       ​ang​        pumipili         ​ng mga propeta​        ​Diyos 
 ​   ​verb                    actor                       object  
Pumipili po         ​ang Diyos​         ​ng mga propeta  
 
 
Pronoun       verb                      object                    prep. phrase            subject  
         ​E​          angareirei        ​te euangkerio​       ​nakon te aonnaba​       ​Iesu Kristo  
         ​Si​           nagturo         ​ng ebanghelyo​          ​sa       mundo​           ​Jesucristo 
   ​verb                       actor                 object                   location/receiver 
Nagturo po        ​si Jesucristo​       ​ng ebanghelyo​     ​sa mundo 
E​          angareirei        ​te euangkerio​       ​nakoia aomata​       ​Iesu Kristo 
Nagturo po        ​si Jesucristo​       ​ng ebanghelyo​     ​sa mga tao 
 
A​          angareirei        ​te euangkerio​       ​nakoia aomata​       ​mitinare 
Nagtuturo po        ​ang mga misyonero​       ​ng ebanghelyo​     ​sa mga tao 
 
Actor focus verb vocabulary 
magsisi­        reiranano                                    gumabay­   kairia 
magturo­       angareirei                                    bumalik­     oki  
magbasa­     wareware                                    sumunod­   iria 
magdasal­    tataro                                           pumunta­    nako 
magbahagi­   tibwaua                                       tumulong­   buoka 
 
gumabay = kairia (command) 
gumabay =  e atia kairia (past) 
gumagabay = kairiria (present) 
gagabay = e na kairia (future) 
 
tumawa = ngare (command) 
tumawa = e atia ngare (past) 
tumatawa = e ngarengare (present) 
tatawa = e na ngare (future) 
 
 
Object Focus 
 
Transitive­/Actor focus  
Pronoun          verb                       object                 subject 
      ​E​                kaoka                ​te euangkerio​         ​Iesu Kristo 
  ​ang/si​    nagpanumbalik       ​ng ebanghelyo​       ​Jesucristo 
 ​   ​verb                                  actor                       object 
Nagpanumbalik po       ​si Jesucristo          ​ng ebanghelyo 
 
 
­u  ­ra 
­m  ­mi 
­n(a)  ­ia 
 
Passive/object­ 
Pronoun               verb                   object/subject        pass. phrase               actor 
     ​E​ ​                 kaoka​ki​                 ​te euangkerio​              irou​n​                      ​Iesu Kristo 
   ​ang​             ​i​p​in​anumbalik            ​simbahan​                ​ ni/niya​                    ​Jesucristo 
 
 ​        ​verb                        actor                       object  
I​p​in​anumbalik po      ​ni Jesucristo​        ​ang simbahan 
 
Pronoun       verb              object/subject        pass. phrase               actor 
      A​ ​           tiring​aki​             ​abotoro​                    irou​ia​                 ​aomata aika 
    ang​ ​         p​in​atay             ​mga apostol​                 ​ng​                 ​mga masasama 
 ​        ​verb                    actor                              object 
P​in​atay po         ​ng mga masasama       ​ang mga apostol 
 
 
Pron.        verb              object/subject              prep phrase           pas. phrase        actor   
A  reireinaki  koaua​n​ ​te 
ekaretia 
 ​nakon te aonnaba  irou​ia   ​burabeti 
ang/ 
sila 
 itinuro  mga 
katotohanan​ ​ng 
ebanghelyo 
 sa       mundo  ng/nila  mga propeta 
       ​verb                    actor                                        object                                             location 
     Itinuro           ​ng mga propeta​         ​ang mga katotohanan ng ebanghelyo ​        ​sa mundo 
 
Show Actor/Object difference 
 
Pronoun        verb                      object                     actor 
       ​A​         ​angareirei​     ​koauan te ekaretia​         ​burabeti 
    verb                    actor                                             object                            _ 
   Nag​turo      ​ang mga propeta​         ​ng mga katotohanan ng ebanghelyo 
  
Pronoun       verb              object/subject        pass. phrase               actor 
      ​A​          reirein​aki​      ​ ​koauan te ekaretia​           irou​ia​                 ​burabeti 
      verb                    actor                                          object                           _ 
     I​t​in​uro po       ​ng mga propeta​        ​ang mga katotohanan ng ebanghelyo 
 
Receiver focus 
 
Transitive­ 
Pronoun       verb                 receiver                   subject  
       ​E​         ​bwabetito​        ​Iesu Kristo​        ​I​oane te tia bwabetito 
       ​si​        ​nag​binyag     ​kay Jesucristo​       ​Juan Bautista 
                  ​      verb                    actor                            receiver   
                 ​Nag​binyag​ ​po        ​si Juan Bautista​            ​ kay Jesucristo 
 
 
 
Passive­   
 ​Pronoun       verb                 receiver         pass. phrase               subject  
      E​         bwabetito​aki​     ​ ​Iesu Kristo​            irou​n​           ​I​oane te tia bwabetito 
   ​siya/si​     b​in​inyag​an​         ​Jesucristo​           ​niya/ni​             ​Juan Bautista   
                ​      verb                    actor                                receiver  
                  ​B​in​inyag​an​ po     ​ ni Juan Bautista ​          ​si Jesucristo 
 
Show Actor/Receiver difference 
 
 ​ Pronoun       verb              receiver                   subject  
         ​E​         ​bwabetito​        ​Iesu Kristo​      ​I​oane te tia bwabetito 
   ​verb                    actor                                receiver   
     ​Nagbinyag​        ​si Juan Bautista​            ​ kay Jesucristo 
 
 
Pronoun       verb                 receiver         pass. phrase               subject  
      ​E​         bwabetito​aki​     ​ ​Iesu Kristo​            irou​n​           ​I​oane te tia bwabetito 
      verb                    actor                                receiver  
   ​B​in​inyag​an​      ​ ni Juan Bautista ​          ​si Jesucristo 
 
 
Pseudo Verbs 
Pron.       aux verb       linker          verb                receiver 
   Ti             ​ riai ​               ​n​             ​tataro​             nakon te Atua 
  Tayo         ​dapat ​          ​­ng ​          ​magdasal​         sa Diyos 
P. verb      actor+linker           verb               receiver   
Dapat          tayo​ng​            ​magdasal​          sa Diyos 
 
Pron.       aux verb       linker            verb                    object                    actor 
  E              ​ kona ​             ​n​              ​kaeka​                 am tataro               te Atua 
  ​ng             ​kaya ​             ​na ​           ​sagutin​       ang panalangin mo       Diyos   
P. verb        linker           verb                 actor                   object 
 Dapat ​         ​  na​            ​sagutin​           ng Diyos       ang panalangin mo 
 
Interrogatives 
 
      Int.            poss. pron.          object   ​                                ​     Int.                      object 
    Teraa               ami                   titiraki                                    Teraa                te reirei 
     Ano              ninyo           ang mga tanong​                        ​Ano po     ang pagtuturo/ itinuro 
 
Int.                 obj + poss. suff.  ​                           ​  Int.                tense     verb          location 
 Antai                   ara​iia                                         ​Antai           ae e na     nako         te ekaretia 
Ano po       ang pangalan ​ninyo​                         ​Sino po           ang pupunta        sa 
simbahan 
 
 
Pron.      verb        object        int.  ​                                     ​    Int+pron        object 
  Ko        tangira     te boki        raa?                                        Raa​m​           te Atua? 
ninyo      gusto      ang aklat     alin                                       ano ninyo       Diyos 
Alin ang aklat na gusto ninyo?                                          Ano ang relasyon ninyo sa Diyos? 
 
Pseudo verbs 
 
Pron.       aux verb       linker          verb                receiver 
   Ti             ​ riai ​               ​n​             ​tataro​             nakon te Atua   
  Tayo         ​dapat ​          ​­ng ​          ​magdasal​         sa Diyos 
P. verb      actor+linker           verb               receiver   
Dapat          tayo​ng​            ​magdasal​          sa Diyos 
 
Pron.       aux verb       linker          verb                    object                    actor 
  E             ​ kona ​              ​n​             ​kaeka​                 am tataro               te Atua 
  ​ng             ​kaya ​             ​na ​           ​sagutin​       ang panalangin mo       Diyos   
P. verb        linker           verb                 actor                   object 
 Dapat ​         ​  na​            ​sagutin​           ng Diyos       ang panalangin mo 
 
Abilitative Verbs 
 
angareirei­ turo                  ni kona n angareirei­ makapagturo 
reireinaki­ ituro                  ni kona n reireinaki­ maituro 
 
Causitive Verbs 
 
bwabetito­ magbinyag            ni bubuti ni bwabetito­  magpabinyag 
bwabetitoaki­ binyagan          ni bubuti ni bwabetitoaki­  ipabinyag 
 

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