Karate is a powerful yet simple framework for REST API automation testing. It uses a behavior-driven development style with tests written in a domain-specific language that resembles simple English. Key features include reusable tests, schema validation, data-driven testing with examples, parallel test execution, and built-in reporting. While requiring learning a new language, Karate provides many capabilities out of the box and removes the need for complex programming.

1. Karate - powerful and simple framework
for REST API automation testing
SlideShare: http://b.link/karate
Roman Liubun’ | 22 Feb 2019

2. Experience
15 years overall exp. at automation
5+ years as automation expert
25+ projects in 9 companies
Now
Automation expert |
Trainer |
Roman Liubun’
Lviv | Ukraine
About me

3. Description
R&D project
Modern technologies
Small team of “seniors”
Frequent changes
No requirements
Main automation challenges
BDD tests as requirements
Testing alongside with development
Project

4. BDD scripts layer
Test logic layer
Business logic layer
Core (CRUD) layer
Typical API
automation
framework

5. Agenda?
Karate | Cucumber | REST-assured
Re-usable tests
Using JS, Java interop
Assertions, schema validation
DDT
Parallel execution & reporting
Live coding...
Summary

6. Karate
Author: Peter Thomas
Current version: 0.9.1
Initial release: ~2 years ago
Popularity: 1600+ stars on GitHub
Url: https://github.com/intuit/karate
Written on Java

7. Less code == less bugs
Scenario: create, retrieve a pet
Given pet endpoint is up
And request where name is ‘Wolf’
When we send post request
Then status is 200
And returned JSON with id, name
Scenario: create, retrieve a pet
Given url ‘http://mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request { name: ‘Wolf’ }
When method post
Then status 200
And match response ==
{ id:‘#number’, name:‘Wolf’ }
+ steps
+ business logic
+ pojos
CucumberKarate
and … that’s all :)

8. Simpler code == less bugs
public void createPetTest() {
given()
.contentType(ContentType.JSON)
.body("{"name": "Wolf"}")
.when()
.post("http://mysite.io/v2/pet")
.then().statusCode(200)
.body("id",
Matchers.instanceOf(Integer.class))
.body("name", equalTo("Wolf"));
}
Scenario: create, retrieve a pet
Given url ‘http://mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request { name: ‘Wolf’ }
When method post
Then status 200
And match response ==
{ id:‘#number’, name:‘Wolf’ }
REST-assuredKarate

9. If you need complexity
Scenario: update the pet
* def id = 5;
* def petJson = call read(‘genUserJson.js’) id
Given url ‘http://mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request petJson
When method put
Then status 200
And match response == { id:‘#(id)’, name:‘#(petJson.name)’ }
genUserJson.js
function(id) {
var result = {};
Result.id = id;
result.name = 'MyPet' + id;
return result;
}

10. DRY
Scenario: update pre-defined pet
* def createdPet = call read(‘createPet.feature’)
Given url ‘http://mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request { id:‘#(createdPet.response.id)’, name:‘newPetsName’ }
When method put
Then status 200

11. What about Java?
# Calling Java method from API test
* def uniqueId = Java.type(’utils.NumberUtils’).getUniqueId();
* def uniqueName = ‘TestUser’ + uniqueId
And request { name: ‘#(uniqueName)’ }
# Calling API test from Java method
public PetPojo createPet() {
Map<String, Object> pet;
pet = Runner.runFeature(getClass(), "get-pet.feature", null, true);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
return mapper.convertValue(pet, PetPojo.class);
}

12. Assertion capabilities
Scenario: create and retrieve a cat with ID
Given url ‘http://petstore.mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request { name:’KORAT’, id:’a9f7a56b-8d5c-455c-9d13-808461d17b91’ }
When method post
Then status 200
And match response == { name:’#regex [A-Z]{5}’, id:’#uuid’ }

13. Schema validation
* def subNode = { price:‘#string’, name:‘#regex[0-9X]’ }
* def isValidTime = read(‘time-validator.js’)
When method get
Then match response ==
"""
{
id: ‘#regex[0-9]+’,
odd: ‘#(subNode)’,
data: {
countryId: ‘#ignore’,
countryName: ‘#string’,
status: ‘#number? _ >= 0’,
time: ‘#? isValidTime(_)’
}
}
"""
Markers
#ignore
#null
#notnull
#present
#notpresent
#number
#uuid
#array
#object
#string
##string
#? EXPR
#[NUM] EXPR
#regex STR

14. DDT
@regression
Scenario Outline: create <name> cat with age = <age>
Given url ‘http://mysite.io/v2/pet’
And request { name: ‘<name>’, age: ‘<age>’ }
When method post
Then status 200
And match response == { id:’#number’, name:’<name>’, age:‘<age>’ }
# the single cell in the table can be any valid karate expression:
# csv, js, js function, json, variable, XPath or JsonPath.
Examples:
| read(‘kittens.csv’) |
kittens.csv
name,age
Bob,1
Wild,5
Nyan,3

15. Parallel execution
@KarateOptions ( tags = { "@regression", "~@ignore" } )
public class RegressionTests {
@Test
public void regressionTests() {
Results results = Runner.parallel(getClass(), 5, "target/reports");
assertTrue(results.getErrorMessages(), results.getFailCount() == 0);
}
}

16. Reporting

17. Other cool features
JsonPath, XPath expressions
Reused for perf. testing (Gatling)
Embedded UI for step-by-step debug
Websocket support, async capability
GraphQL API testing capability
Built-in environment switcher
Integration with CI pipelines
API mock or test-doubles
Allure reporting support
Postman import (exp.)
… and many others

18. And...

19. Takeaways
PROS
Single layer tests
JSON, XML native support
Integration with Java, JS
Powerful assertion capabilities
Parallel execution
Great docs, demos, reporting
No programming skills are required
Many other features out of the box
CONS
Must learn a new DSL language
No “find usage”, auto renaming
No syntax error highlighting

20. Q&A Contacts
romlub
romlub
www.linkedin.com/in/romlub
SlideShare: http://b.link/karate