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Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
We bring the experts to you 
Presented by 
Timothy P. Noonan, Esq.
2 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Summary of Topics 
Section 1: The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
Section 2: Pay to Play: Nonresident 
Income Allocation Issues 
Section 3: Tax Credits, Withholding and 
Other Stuff
3 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Section 1 
The All-Important 
Concept 
of Residency
4 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Starting Point 
Overview of Income Tax Issues 
Central Issue: Where Do I Pay Tax? 
 Residency: Where do I “live?” 
 Allocation: Where do I work?
5 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Real-Life Case Studies 
Derek Jeter: NY vs. FL 
Lindy Ruff: Home sweet home? 
Mario Williams: $100M Man 
Phil Mickelson: Drastic Changes? 
Johnny Manziel: Texas or Ohio? 
Tom Hanks: On Broadway 
Alec Baldwin: Another Baldwin in trouble
6 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
Importance of Residency Status 
Basic Residency Tests 
 Residency Based on Domicile 
 Residency Based on Days 
Burden of Proof in Tax Cases 
 Jeter vs. NYS
7 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Different State Residency Tests 
Domicile OR ‘Statutory Residency’ 
NY, MA, ME, CT, MO, NJ, PA, RI, VT, VA, UT, WV, AR, 
CO, DE, DC, IN, KY, LA, MN, NE, ND
8 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Different State Residency Tests 
Domicile OR ‘Statutory Residency’ 
7 
Months 
200 
Days 
Days 
Only
Different State Residency Tests 
Domicile OR ‘Non-Temporary/Transitory Purpose’ 
9 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
California 
Illinois 
Arizona 
Hawaii 
Michigan 
Montana
10 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
OH’s Bright-Line Tests 
Domicile Only (sort of) 
 AL, SC, WI, KS, MI, NM (look out for 
“presumptions”)
11 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
Best Places to Live 
 AL, TX, FL, NV, NH, SD, TN, WA, WY
12 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Domicile
13 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
Factor-Based Tests 
 Home 
 Business 
 Time 
 Near and Dear 
 Family 
Leave & Land Rule
Real-Life Case Studies on Domicile 
Derek Jeter: Burden of proof 
Lindy Ruff: Home sweet home? 
Mario Williams: Not according to his neighbors 
Phil Mickelson: Needs “Drastic Changes” 
Johnny Manziel: No Place Like Texas 
Tom Hanks: A lucky guy? 
Alec Baldwin: NYS vs. NYC 
14 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar
15 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
“Statutory” Residency 
 “PPA” and 183 Days 
The “PPA” Test: Living Quarters 
 Any type of dwelling 
 Gaied v. New York: Taxpayer must “use as 
a residence”
Recordkeeping Issues & 183 Days 
16 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
The All-Important Concept 
of Residency 
 Calendar 
 Phone Logs 
 Credit Cards 
 EZ Pass 
 Flight Records 
 Team Schedules 
 Tour Schedules 
 Monaeo Tracking App
17 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Case Studies on Stat Res 
Derek Jeter: Counting games 
Lindy Ruff: In a box 
Mario Williams: Not according to his neighbors, 
again 
Phil Mickelson: N/A 
Johnny Manziel: Johnny Countdown 
Tom Hanks: An un-lucky guy? 
Alec Baldwin: NYS vs. NYC
18 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Section 2 
Pay to Play 
Nonresident Income 
Allocation Issues
19 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Real-Life Case Studies 
Allocation 
Derek Jeter: Days in and out 
Lindy Ruff: Duty days for coach 
Mario Williams: One day at a time 
Phil Mickelson: A taxing schedule 
Johnny Manziel: Days in and out 
Tom Hanks: On Broadway 
Alec Baldwin: Who’s in his wallet?
Pay to Play 
Nonresident Income Allocation Issues 
20 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
So-Called “Jock Taxes” 
Basic Concepts of Nonresident Taxation 
 “Sourcing” Rules 
 Wages = Workdays in State 
 Special Rules for Signing Bonuses
Pay to Play 
Nonresident Income Allocation Issues 
CA’s 1991 decision to enforce the “jock 
tax.” 
21 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
 and “Michael Jordan’s Revenge” 
City-Based Jock Taxes 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, KC 
 Watch out for Philly
22 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Two Methods for 
Allocation 
Duty 
Days 
Games 
Played
23 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Duty Days 
Most Common 
Federal Method 
FTA Approach
24 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Games Played 
Largely been abandoned 
Saturday/Hillenmeyer vs. City of Cleveland 
(2014) 
 Hillenmeyer: 5x higher under games played 
 Saturday: I didn’t even play? 
Tennessee’s $2,500/Game Tax 
 NHL players exempt 
 NBA players will be in two years
25 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Duty Days Test 
Total Income X Duty Days Spent in State 
Total Duty Days
26 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Duty Day Defined 
All practice days, game days, travel days 
from pre-season to end of post-season play 
Plus off-season practice days, per 
contractual obligation 
 MLB AZ & FL Spring Training 
Travel days 
 Only if activity
27 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Entertainers 
Not Safe Either 
Al Franken 
 Doggonit, states like him 
Newman gets stung by CA 
 A “duty-day” type test 
Musicians/Comedians 
 Where show is located
Real Life Case Studies on Allocation 
Derek Jeter: 230 duty days; how many in taxing 
states? 
Lindy Ruff: Still a Nyer? 100% tax in NY < resident 
credits 
Mario Williams: 235 estimated duty days, but many 
in NY 
Phil Mickelson: Tourney location, but does it 
matter? 
Johnny Manziel: See Williams, Mano. 
Tom Hanks: 100% NY? 
Alec Baldwin: NY/CA pockets? 
28 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar
Taxation of Endorsement Issue 
State Specific Rules 
29 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar
30 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Royalties 
NY’s Tony Bennett Case 
 If based on NY services, it’s NY taxable 
 But is it a “royalty?” 
Other States
31 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Goosen & Garcia IRS Cases 
For services 
 Place of performance 
For likeness 
 Home base 
In between clubs?
32 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Real-Life Case Studies 
Endorsements 
Derek Jeter: Likeness vs. Services 
Lindy Ruff: He wishes! 
Mario Williams: Location of Services 
Phil Mickelson: It’s Complicated 
Johnny Manziel: Why he won’t move to 
Cleveland 
Tom Hanks: Stupid is . . . 
Alec Baldwin: What state is in his wallet?
33 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Section 3 
Tax Credits, 
Withholding, 
and Other Stuff
Polling Question 
34 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
What prevents states from imposing 
double taxation? 
 The U.S. Constitution 
 Nothing
35 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Resident Tax Credits 
Sosa vs. Illinois
36 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
How It Should Work 
Full Tax in Resident State 
Tax in Nonresident State Based on 
Sourcing Rules 
Resident State Gives Credit
37 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
How It Really Works 
Different Tax Rates 
Different Sourcing Rules? 
 Signing Bonus Example 
 Royalty Rules
38 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Real-Life Case Studies 
Resident Credits 
Derek Jeter: N/A 
Lindy Ruff: N/A? 
Mario Williams: N/A? 
Phil Mickelson: Reducing the CA bite 
Johnny Manziel: See Williams, Mario 
Tom Hanks: a BIG deal 
Alec Baldwin: Who fills his wallet?
Employer Withholding Issues 
39 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Basic Withholding Rules 
Different Rules in Different States 
Composite Returns 
Responsibility on Team?
40 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Special CA Rules for 
Entertainers 
Publication 1024 
 “Nonresident Withholding—Entertainment 
Guidelines” 
7% Withholding Requirement 
Exemptions from Withholding 
Composite Returns
41 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Nonresident Personal 
Income Tax Withholding
Use of 
Personal Service Companies 
Team/Promoters Endorsement 
Companies 
42 
Appearances, etc. 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
Taxpayer 
PSC 
Do they work? 
Duty day for entertainers?
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
CONCLUSION
Thank You for 
Attending Today’s Seminar 
If you have further questions or if you need additional 
Athletes and Entertainers— 
Multistate Tax Issues 
A CCH Seminar 
assistance, please feel free to contact: 
Timothy P. Noonan 
HODGSON RUSS LLP 
716.848.1265 
tnoonan@hodgsonruss.com

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June 2014: State Tax Issues for Athletes and Entertainers

  • 1. Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues We bring the experts to you Presented by Timothy P. Noonan, Esq.
  • 2. 2 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Summary of Topics Section 1: The All-Important Concept of Residency Section 2: Pay to Play: Nonresident Income Allocation Issues Section 3: Tax Credits, Withholding and Other Stuff
  • 3. 3 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Section 1 The All-Important Concept of Residency
  • 4. 4 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Starting Point Overview of Income Tax Issues Central Issue: Where Do I Pay Tax?  Residency: Where do I “live?”  Allocation: Where do I work?
  • 5. 5 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Real-Life Case Studies Derek Jeter: NY vs. FL Lindy Ruff: Home sweet home? Mario Williams: $100M Man Phil Mickelson: Drastic Changes? Johnny Manziel: Texas or Ohio? Tom Hanks: On Broadway Alec Baldwin: Another Baldwin in trouble
  • 6. 6 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency Importance of Residency Status Basic Residency Tests  Residency Based on Domicile  Residency Based on Days Burden of Proof in Tax Cases  Jeter vs. NYS
  • 7. 7 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Different State Residency Tests Domicile OR ‘Statutory Residency’ NY, MA, ME, CT, MO, NJ, PA, RI, VT, VA, UT, WV, AR, CO, DE, DC, IN, KY, LA, MN, NE, ND
  • 8. 8 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Different State Residency Tests Domicile OR ‘Statutory Residency’ 7 Months 200 Days Days Only
  • 9. Different State Residency Tests Domicile OR ‘Non-Temporary/Transitory Purpose’ 9 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar California Illinois Arizona Hawaii Michigan Montana
  • 10. 10 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency OH’s Bright-Line Tests Domicile Only (sort of)  AL, SC, WI, KS, MI, NM (look out for “presumptions”)
  • 11. 11 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency Best Places to Live  AL, TX, FL, NV, NH, SD, TN, WA, WY
  • 12. 12 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Domicile
  • 13. 13 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency Factor-Based Tests  Home  Business  Time  Near and Dear  Family Leave & Land Rule
  • 14. Real-Life Case Studies on Domicile Derek Jeter: Burden of proof Lindy Ruff: Home sweet home? Mario Williams: Not according to his neighbors Phil Mickelson: Needs “Drastic Changes” Johnny Manziel: No Place Like Texas Tom Hanks: A lucky guy? Alec Baldwin: NYS vs. NYC 14 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar
  • 15. 15 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency “Statutory” Residency  “PPA” and 183 Days The “PPA” Test: Living Quarters  Any type of dwelling  Gaied v. New York: Taxpayer must “use as a residence”
  • 16. Recordkeeping Issues & 183 Days 16 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar The All-Important Concept of Residency  Calendar  Phone Logs  Credit Cards  EZ Pass  Flight Records  Team Schedules  Tour Schedules  Monaeo Tracking App
  • 17. 17 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Case Studies on Stat Res Derek Jeter: Counting games Lindy Ruff: In a box Mario Williams: Not according to his neighbors, again Phil Mickelson: N/A Johnny Manziel: Johnny Countdown Tom Hanks: An un-lucky guy? Alec Baldwin: NYS vs. NYC
  • 18. 18 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Section 2 Pay to Play Nonresident Income Allocation Issues
  • 19. 19 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Real-Life Case Studies Allocation Derek Jeter: Days in and out Lindy Ruff: Duty days for coach Mario Williams: One day at a time Phil Mickelson: A taxing schedule Johnny Manziel: Days in and out Tom Hanks: On Broadway Alec Baldwin: Who’s in his wallet?
  • 20. Pay to Play Nonresident Income Allocation Issues 20 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar So-Called “Jock Taxes” Basic Concepts of Nonresident Taxation  “Sourcing” Rules  Wages = Workdays in State  Special Rules for Signing Bonuses
  • 21. Pay to Play Nonresident Income Allocation Issues CA’s 1991 decision to enforce the “jock tax.” 21 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar  and “Michael Jordan’s Revenge” City-Based Jock Taxes  Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, KC  Watch out for Philly
  • 22. 22 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Two Methods for Allocation Duty Days Games Played
  • 23. 23 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Duty Days Most Common Federal Method FTA Approach
  • 24. 24 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Games Played Largely been abandoned Saturday/Hillenmeyer vs. City of Cleveland (2014)  Hillenmeyer: 5x higher under games played  Saturday: I didn’t even play? Tennessee’s $2,500/Game Tax  NHL players exempt  NBA players will be in two years
  • 25. 25 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Duty Days Test Total Income X Duty Days Spent in State Total Duty Days
  • 26. 26 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Duty Day Defined All practice days, game days, travel days from pre-season to end of post-season play Plus off-season practice days, per contractual obligation  MLB AZ & FL Spring Training Travel days  Only if activity
  • 27. 27 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Entertainers Not Safe Either Al Franken  Doggonit, states like him Newman gets stung by CA  A “duty-day” type test Musicians/Comedians  Where show is located
  • 28. Real Life Case Studies on Allocation Derek Jeter: 230 duty days; how many in taxing states? Lindy Ruff: Still a Nyer? 100% tax in NY < resident credits Mario Williams: 235 estimated duty days, but many in NY Phil Mickelson: Tourney location, but does it matter? Johnny Manziel: See Williams, Mano. Tom Hanks: 100% NY? Alec Baldwin: NY/CA pockets? 28 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar
  • 29. Taxation of Endorsement Issue State Specific Rules 29 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar
  • 30. 30 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Royalties NY’s Tony Bennett Case  If based on NY services, it’s NY taxable  But is it a “royalty?” Other States
  • 31. 31 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Goosen & Garcia IRS Cases For services  Place of performance For likeness  Home base In between clubs?
  • 32. 32 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Real-Life Case Studies Endorsements Derek Jeter: Likeness vs. Services Lindy Ruff: He wishes! Mario Williams: Location of Services Phil Mickelson: It’s Complicated Johnny Manziel: Why he won’t move to Cleveland Tom Hanks: Stupid is . . . Alec Baldwin: What state is in his wallet?
  • 33. 33 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Section 3 Tax Credits, Withholding, and Other Stuff
  • 34. Polling Question 34 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar What prevents states from imposing double taxation?  The U.S. Constitution  Nothing
  • 35. 35 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Resident Tax Credits Sosa vs. Illinois
  • 36. 36 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar How It Should Work Full Tax in Resident State Tax in Nonresident State Based on Sourcing Rules Resident State Gives Credit
  • 37. 37 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar How It Really Works Different Tax Rates Different Sourcing Rules?  Signing Bonus Example  Royalty Rules
  • 38. 38 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Real-Life Case Studies Resident Credits Derek Jeter: N/A Lindy Ruff: N/A? Mario Williams: N/A? Phil Mickelson: Reducing the CA bite Johnny Manziel: See Williams, Mario Tom Hanks: a BIG deal Alec Baldwin: Who fills his wallet?
  • 39. Employer Withholding Issues 39 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Basic Withholding Rules Different Rules in Different States Composite Returns Responsibility on Team?
  • 40. 40 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Special CA Rules for Entertainers Publication 1024  “Nonresident Withholding—Entertainment Guidelines” 7% Withholding Requirement Exemptions from Withholding Composite Returns
  • 41. 41 Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Nonresident Personal Income Tax Withholding
  • 42. Use of Personal Service Companies Team/Promoters Endorsement Companies 42 Appearances, etc. Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar Taxpayer PSC Do they work? Duty day for entertainers?
  • 43. Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar CONCLUSION
  • 44. Thank You for Attending Today’s Seminar If you have further questions or if you need additional Athletes and Entertainers— Multistate Tax Issues A CCH Seminar assistance, please feel free to contact: Timothy P. Noonan HODGSON RUSS LLP 716.848.1265 tnoonan@hodgsonruss.com