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Laura Baquedano Mainar
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza
Terapias no hormonales, no fitoterápicas para la
menopausia
¿Qué evidencia tenemos de su eficacia y seguridad?
¿ Qué más hay?
¿ A quién ?
No puedo, no quieroTH
Lo que he probado no me va bien
¿A TODAS?
Indice
• 1. Fármacos no hormonales
• 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta
• 3. Terapias conductuales
• 4. Medicina alternativa
EVIDENCIA
Fármacos no hormonales
ISRS
Fluoxetina (adofen,prozac)
Paroxetina (seroxat, motivan) 7.5mg—>20mg /día
Sertralina (besitran,aremis)
Citalopram (prisdal) 10—>20 mg /día
Escitalopram (cipralex, esertia) 10—>20 mg /día
Orleans RJ, Li L, Kim MJ, et al. FDA approval of paroxetine for menopausal hotflushes. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1777–9.
Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, Ullmer L,Gallagher A, Cullen J, Gehan E, Hayes DF, Isaacs C (2005) Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot
flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 23(28):6919–6930, doi:10.1200/ JCO.2005.10.08.
Barton DL, LaVasseur BI, Sloan JA, Stawis AN, Flynn KA, Dyar M, Johnson DB,Atherton PJ, Diekmann B, Loprinzi CL (2010) Phase III, placebo-controlled trial of three doses of
citalopram for the treatment of hot flashes: NCCTG trial N05C9. J Clin Oncol 28(20):3278–3283
Fármacos no hormonales
ISRSN
Venlafaxina (vandral,dobupal) 37.5—>150 mg /día
Desvenlafaxina (pristiq) 100—>150 mg/día
CS, Shelton RC (2007) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trials of venlafaxine for hot flashes after breast cancer. Oncologist 12(1):124–135,
doi:10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-124
Joffe H, Guthrie KA, LaCroix AZ, et al. Low-dose estradiol and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine for VMS: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med
2014;174:1058-1066.
Caan B, LaCroix AZ, Joffe H, Guthrie KA, Larson JC, Carpenter JS et al. Effects of estrogen and venlafaxine on menopause-related quality of life in healthy postmenopausal
women with hot flashes: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Menopause. 2015 Jun;22(6):607-15
Fármacos no hormonales
Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, et al. Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2006;295:2057-2071
Rada G, Capurro D, Pantoja T, et al. Non-hormonal interventions for hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;CD004923
Shams T, Firwana B, Habib F, et al. SSRIs for hot flashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Gen Intern Med 2014;29:204-213.
Sun Z, Hao Y, Zhang M. Efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine treatment for hot flashes associated with menopause: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Obstet
Invest 2013;75:255-262
Análisis combinados, metaanálisis y revisión Cochrane.
ISRS, ISRSN muestran mejoría leve-moderada de SVM
Independientemente de menop natural /quirúrgica
Mayor evidencia: paroxetina, citalopram, escitalopram,
(ECA d.ciego, placebo) venlafaxina, desvenlafaxina
Mejoría intensidad, frecuencia: 25-69%
Menor evidencia: sertralina, fluoxetina
Fármacos no hormonales
Ampliamente estudiados. Evidencia
eficacia
Mejoría rápida: 1-2 sem
Otros efectos beneficiosos
Receta médica
Supervivientes ca mama
RAM: nauseas, mareos.. disfunción sexual
(deseo, orgasmos) paroxetina, citalopram ++
ISRSN peor tolerancia. Ojo HTA
Retirada mejor gradual
Posible riesgo pérdida DMO
HiperPRL—> Ca mama? no evidencia
Interacción TAM (fluox, parox) Mejor ISRSN
Fármacos no hormonales
1º
2º/TAM
Fármacos no hormonales
ANALOGOS GABA
Gabapentina (neurontin ) 900—>2400 mg /día
Pregabalina (lyrica) 150—>300 mg/día
Reddy SY, Warner H, Guttuso T Jr, et al. Gabapentin, estrogen, and placebo for treating hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:41-48
Hayes LP, Carroll DG, Kelley KW. Use of gabapentin for the management of natural or surgical menopausal hot flashes. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45:388-394
Fármacos no hormonales
CLONIDINA
Catapresan 0,15 mg —>0,4 mg/día
Pandya KJ, Raubertas RF, Flynn PJ, Hynes HE, Rosenbluth RJ, Kirshner JJ, Pierce HI, Dragalin V, Morrow GR (2000) Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast
cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Ann Intern Med 132(10):788–793,
Boekhout AH, Vincent AD, Dalesio OB, van den Bosch J, Foekema-Tons JH, Adriaansz S, Sprangers S, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH (2011) Management of hot flashes
in patients who have breast cancer with venlafaxine and clonidine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 29(29):3862–3868
Indice
• 1. Fármacos no hormonales
• 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta
• 3. Terapias conductuales
• 4.Medicina alternativa

Modificaciones del estilo de vida y
dieta
tª
Evidencia?
Smith RL, Gallicchio L, Miller SR, Zacur HA, Flaws JA. Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes. PLoS One. 2016 May 5;11(5):e0155079
Hyde Riley E, Inui TS, Kleinman K, Connelly MT. Differential association of modifiable health behaviors with hot flashes in perimenopausal and post menopausal women. J Gen Intern
Med. 2004; 19: 740–746
Modificaciones del estilo de vida y
dieta
Caan BJ, Emond JA, Su HI, et al. Effect of postdiagnosis weight change on hot flash status among early-stage breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1492-1497
Kroenke CH, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML, et al. Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on VMS in the Women’s Health Initiative. Menopause 2012;19:980-988.
Thurston RC, Ewing LJ, Low CA, Christie AJ, Levine MD. Behavioral weight loss for the management of menopausal hot flashes: a pilot study. Menopause 2015;22:59-65
Obesidad: SVM, tr. sueño, ánimo. Objetivo IMC <25
Sobrepeso, obesidad: correlación pérdida de peso SVM
WHI. n= 17.500 (no TH). Dieta baja en grasas
Perder >/= 5Kg ó >/= 10% peso en 1 año —> < SVM
Tras Ca mama: en 2 años >/= 10% peso >SVM
Jenabi E, Poorolajal J. The association between hot flushes and smoking in midlife women: a meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2015;18(6):797-801
Tabaco antiestróg. Metaanálisis. n>27.000 > riesgo SVM:
Exfumadoras 1.31 (95% CI 1.22–1.41)
Fuma actual 1.97 (95% CI 1.81–2.14) dosis-respuesta
Modificaciones del estilo de vida y
dieta
Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Thomas A, MacArthur C. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD006108.
Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Macarthur C. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;CD006108
Daley A, MacArthur C, Mutrie N, Stokes-Lampard H. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;CD006108
Bailey TG, Cable NT, Aziz N, et al. Exercise training reduces the frequency of menopausal hot flushes by improving thermoregulatory control. Menopause 2016;23:708-718.
Beneficios incuestionables para la salud en general
Menop: sueño, memoria, animo, función cognitiva, CV, hueso..
30´ej moderado 5/sem; 20´ej intenso 3/sem
Ej. fco aeróbico
Depende de la intensidad??
Modificaciones del estilo de vida y
dieta
Beneficios incuestionables para la salud en general
Menop: CV, flexibilidad, equilibrio, pfx caídas, estado ánimo. No SVM
2 días / sem no consecutivos. 8 grupos musculares
15´/día stretching: regulación SNA—> beneficios síntomas depresivos,
sueño
disminuye actividad simpática, aumenta parasimpática. Escala menop
++ n=40
Pilates
Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A
systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev Med 2015;75:1-11.
Barker AL, Bird ML, Talevski J. Effect of pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96(4):715-23
M. Bergamin S. Gobbo V. Bullo T. Zanotto B. Vendramin F. Duregon . Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results
from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women. AGE (2015) 37: 118
Yuko Kai, Toshiya Nagamatsu, Yoshinori Kitabatake, MS, Hiroomi Sensui. Effects of stretching on menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized
controlled trial. Menopause, Vol. 23, No. 8, 2016
Indice
• 1. Fármacos no hormonales
• 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta
• 3. Terapias conductuales
• 4.Medicina alternativa

Terapias conductuales
Yoga
Márcia P. J, Danilo F. S, Isabella M.O. Pontes, Victor K.M. Shiramizu,Ezequiel B. Nascimento, Alícia Cabral. Hatha Yoga practice decreases menopause symptoms and improves quality of lif
A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 26 (2016) 128–135
Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Thomas A, MacArthur C. Exercise for vasomotormenopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD006108.
Avis NE, Legault C, Russell G, Weaver K, Danhauer SC. Pilot study of integral yoga for menopausal hot flashes. Menopause 2014;21:846- 854.
Múltiples estudios en menopausia. Meditación, relajación
Beneficio en CV, estado ánimo,sueño
No evidencia clara en reducción de SVM
Avis et al: 90´/sem x 10 sem + práctica casa: reducción 66% SVM vs
63% (educación bienestar) vs 36% (placebo)
Cochrane (7 ECA): no diferencias yoga vs ej fco en SVM. Inf a TH
Terapias conductuales
Saensak S, Vutyavanich T, Somboonporn W, Srisurapanont M. Relaxation for perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev2014;7:CD008582
Mann E, Smith M, Hellier J, Hunter MS. A randomised controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural intervention for women who have menopausal symptoms following
breast cancer treatment (MENOS 1): trial protocol. BMC Cancer 2011;11:44.
Ayers B, Smith M, Hellier J, Mann E, Hunter MS. Effectiveness of group and self-help cognitive behavior therapy in reducing problematic menopausal hot flushes and
night sweats (MENOS 2): a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2012;19:749-759
Carmody JF, Crawford S, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Leung K, Churchill L, Olendzki N. Mindfulness training for coping with hot flashes: results of a randomized trial.
Menopause 2011;18:611-620
Coronado PJ, Oliva A, Fasero M, Piñel C1, Herraiz MA, Pérez-López FR. Resilience and related factors in urban, mid-aged Spanish women. Climacteric.
Pueden ser útiles en SVM. Evidencia escasa. Calidad pobre
Objetivo: relajación,reducción estrés. Resiliencia, información
Mejora calidad sueño, tr ánimo.. Xs estudios ca mama
Relajación
Terapia cognitivo conductual
Respiración controlada
Mindfulness (atención plena presente)
Indice
• 1. Fármacos no hormonales
• 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta
• 3. Terapias conductuales
• 4.Medicina alternativa
Medicina alternativa
Hipnosis
Elkins G, Marcus J, Stearns V, et al. Randomized trial of a hypnosis intervention for treatment of hot flashes among breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5022-5026
Elkins GR, Fisher WI, Johnson AK, Carpenter JS, Keith TZ. Clinical hypnosis in the treatment of postmenopausal hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2013;20:291-
298
Mejora calidad sueño, tr ánimo..
ECA : n=187 mujeres SVM severos. Tras 12s(5s/sem), diminuyó frecuencia
intensidad y mejoró sig capacidad de control (55-75%)
Evidencia en Ca mama
Medicina alternativa
Chiu HY, Pan CH, Shyu YK, Han BC, Tsai PS. Effects of acupuncture onmenopause-related symptoms and quality of life in women in naturalmenopause: a meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials. Menopause2015;22:234–44.
Dodin S, Blanchet C, Marc I, et al. Acupuncture for menopausal hot flushes.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD007410
Garland SN, Xie SX, Li Q, Seluzicki C, Basal C, Mao JJ. Comparative effectiveness of electro-acupuncture versus gabapentin for sleep disturbances in breast cancer survivors with hot
flashes: a randomized trial.Menopause. 2016 Nov 21
Acupuntura
Mejora calidad sueño (= 900mg gabapentina), calidad de vida..
Grupo control-placebo ideal ?: nada / acup simulada (+ sist límbico?)
Rev Cochrane ´13: sup a no tto, = acupuntura simulada
Metaanálisis ´15: eficaz SVM, no siempre comparado con simulada
Evidencia en Ca mama
Medicina alternativa
Bloqueo del ganglio estrellado
Mejora calidad sueño
Mec acción desconocido. Utizado con fines analgésicos
C6-T2. Bilat. Iny anest local. Radioguiado. Invasivo
Efecto tardío: 2-4 meses. Pocos estudios
Grupo control-placebo ideal ?: nada / punción suero ?
SVM: 45-90% vs no tto. 20% vs punción simulada
Lipov EG, Joshi JR, Xie H, Slavin KV. Updated findings on the effects of stellate-ganglion block on hot flushes and night awakenings. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:819-820
Haest K, Kumar A, Van Calster B, et al. Stellate ganglion block for the management of hot flashes and sleep disturbances in breast cancer survivors: an uncontrolled experimental study with 24
follow- up. Ann Oncol 2012;23:1449-1454.
Walega DR, Rubin LH, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Maki PM. Effects of stellate ganglion block on VMS: findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2
CONCLUSIONES
Jueves 13.15 Dra. Baquedano

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Jueves 13.15 Dra. Baquedano

  • 1. Laura Baquedano Mainar Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza Terapias no hormonales, no fitoterápicas para la menopausia ¿Qué evidencia tenemos de su eficacia y seguridad?
  • 3. ¿ A quién ? No puedo, no quieroTH Lo que he probado no me va bien ¿A TODAS?
  • 4. Indice • 1. Fármacos no hormonales • 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta • 3. Terapias conductuales • 4. Medicina alternativa
  • 6. Fármacos no hormonales ISRS Fluoxetina (adofen,prozac) Paroxetina (seroxat, motivan) 7.5mg—>20mg /día Sertralina (besitran,aremis) Citalopram (prisdal) 10—>20 mg /día Escitalopram (cipralex, esertia) 10—>20 mg /día Orleans RJ, Li L, Kim MJ, et al. FDA approval of paroxetine for menopausal hotflushes. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1777–9. Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, Ullmer L,Gallagher A, Cullen J, Gehan E, Hayes DF, Isaacs C (2005) Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 23(28):6919–6930, doi:10.1200/ JCO.2005.10.08. Barton DL, LaVasseur BI, Sloan JA, Stawis AN, Flynn KA, Dyar M, Johnson DB,Atherton PJ, Diekmann B, Loprinzi CL (2010) Phase III, placebo-controlled trial of three doses of citalopram for the treatment of hot flashes: NCCTG trial N05C9. J Clin Oncol 28(20):3278–3283
  • 7. Fármacos no hormonales ISRSN Venlafaxina (vandral,dobupal) 37.5—>150 mg /día Desvenlafaxina (pristiq) 100—>150 mg/día CS, Shelton RC (2007) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trials of venlafaxine for hot flashes after breast cancer. Oncologist 12(1):124–135, doi:10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-124 Joffe H, Guthrie KA, LaCroix AZ, et al. Low-dose estradiol and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine for VMS: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1058-1066. Caan B, LaCroix AZ, Joffe H, Guthrie KA, Larson JC, Carpenter JS et al. Effects of estrogen and venlafaxine on menopause-related quality of life in healthy postmenopausal women with hot flashes: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Menopause. 2015 Jun;22(6):607-15
  • 8. Fármacos no hormonales Nelson HD, Vesco KK, Haney E, et al. Nonhormonal therapies for menopausal hot flashes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2006;295:2057-2071 Rada G, Capurro D, Pantoja T, et al. Non-hormonal interventions for hot flushes in women with a history of breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;CD004923 Shams T, Firwana B, Habib F, et al. SSRIs for hot flashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Gen Intern Med 2014;29:204-213. Sun Z, Hao Y, Zhang M. Efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine treatment for hot flashes associated with menopause: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2013;75:255-262 Análisis combinados, metaanálisis y revisión Cochrane. ISRS, ISRSN muestran mejoría leve-moderada de SVM Independientemente de menop natural /quirúrgica Mayor evidencia: paroxetina, citalopram, escitalopram, (ECA d.ciego, placebo) venlafaxina, desvenlafaxina Mejoría intensidad, frecuencia: 25-69% Menor evidencia: sertralina, fluoxetina
  • 9. Fármacos no hormonales Ampliamente estudiados. Evidencia eficacia Mejoría rápida: 1-2 sem Otros efectos beneficiosos Receta médica Supervivientes ca mama RAM: nauseas, mareos.. disfunción sexual (deseo, orgasmos) paroxetina, citalopram ++ ISRSN peor tolerancia. Ojo HTA Retirada mejor gradual Posible riesgo pérdida DMO HiperPRL—> Ca mama? no evidencia Interacción TAM (fluox, parox) Mejor ISRSN
  • 11. Fármacos no hormonales ANALOGOS GABA Gabapentina (neurontin ) 900—>2400 mg /día Pregabalina (lyrica) 150—>300 mg/día Reddy SY, Warner H, Guttuso T Jr, et al. Gabapentin, estrogen, and placebo for treating hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:41-48 Hayes LP, Carroll DG, Kelley KW. Use of gabapentin for the management of natural or surgical menopausal hot flashes. Ann Pharmacother 2011;45:388-394
  • 12. Fármacos no hormonales CLONIDINA Catapresan 0,15 mg —>0,4 mg/día Pandya KJ, Raubertas RF, Flynn PJ, Hynes HE, Rosenbluth RJ, Kirshner JJ, Pierce HI, Dragalin V, Morrow GR (2000) Oral clonidine in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer experiencing tamoxifen-induced hot flashes: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program study. Ann Intern Med 132(10):788–793, Boekhout AH, Vincent AD, Dalesio OB, van den Bosch J, Foekema-Tons JH, Adriaansz S, Sprangers S, Nuijen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH (2011) Management of hot flashes in patients who have breast cancer with venlafaxine and clonidine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 29(29):3862–3868
  • 13. Indice • 1. Fármacos no hormonales • 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta • 3. Terapias conductuales • 4.Medicina alternativa 
  • 14. Modificaciones del estilo de vida y dieta tª Evidencia? Smith RL, Gallicchio L, Miller SR, Zacur HA, Flaws JA. Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes. PLoS One. 2016 May 5;11(5):e0155079 Hyde Riley E, Inui TS, Kleinman K, Connelly MT. Differential association of modifiable health behaviors with hot flashes in perimenopausal and post menopausal women. J Gen Intern Med. 2004; 19: 740–746
  • 15. Modificaciones del estilo de vida y dieta Caan BJ, Emond JA, Su HI, et al. Effect of postdiagnosis weight change on hot flash status among early-stage breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1492-1497 Kroenke CH, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML, et al. Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on VMS in the Women’s Health Initiative. Menopause 2012;19:980-988. Thurston RC, Ewing LJ, Low CA, Christie AJ, Levine MD. Behavioral weight loss for the management of menopausal hot flashes: a pilot study. Menopause 2015;22:59-65 Obesidad: SVM, tr. sueño, ánimo. Objetivo IMC <25 Sobrepeso, obesidad: correlación pérdida de peso SVM WHI. n= 17.500 (no TH). Dieta baja en grasas Perder >/= 5Kg ó >/= 10% peso en 1 año —> < SVM Tras Ca mama: en 2 años >/= 10% peso >SVM Jenabi E, Poorolajal J. The association between hot flushes and smoking in midlife women: a meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2015;18(6):797-801 Tabaco antiestróg. Metaanálisis. n>27.000 > riesgo SVM: Exfumadoras 1.31 (95% CI 1.22–1.41) Fuma actual 1.97 (95% CI 1.81–2.14) dosis-respuesta
  • 16. Modificaciones del estilo de vida y dieta Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Thomas A, MacArthur C. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD006108. Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Macarthur C. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;CD006108 Daley A, MacArthur C, Mutrie N, Stokes-Lampard H. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;CD006108 Bailey TG, Cable NT, Aziz N, et al. Exercise training reduces the frequency of menopausal hot flushes by improving thermoregulatory control. Menopause 2016;23:708-718. Beneficios incuestionables para la salud en general Menop: sueño, memoria, animo, función cognitiva, CV, hueso.. 30´ej moderado 5/sem; 20´ej intenso 3/sem Ej. fco aeróbico Depende de la intensidad??
  • 17. Modificaciones del estilo de vida y dieta Beneficios incuestionables para la salud en general Menop: CV, flexibilidad, equilibrio, pfx caídas, estado ánimo. No SVM 2 días / sem no consecutivos. 8 grupos musculares 15´/día stretching: regulación SNA—> beneficios síntomas depresivos, sueño disminuye actividad simpática, aumenta parasimpática. Escala menop ++ n=40 Pilates Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev Med 2015;75:1-11. Barker AL, Bird ML, Talevski J. Effect of pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96(4):715-23 M. Bergamin S. Gobbo V. Bullo T. Zanotto B. Vendramin F. Duregon . Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women. AGE (2015) 37: 118 Yuko Kai, Toshiya Nagamatsu, Yoshinori Kitabatake, MS, Hiroomi Sensui. Effects of stretching on menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause, Vol. 23, No. 8, 2016
  • 18. Indice • 1. Fármacos no hormonales • 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta • 3. Terapias conductuales • 4.Medicina alternativa 
  • 19. Terapias conductuales Yoga Márcia P. J, Danilo F. S, Isabella M.O. Pontes, Victor K.M. Shiramizu,Ezequiel B. Nascimento, Alícia Cabral. Hatha Yoga practice decreases menopause symptoms and improves quality of lif A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 26 (2016) 128–135 Daley A, Stokes-Lampard H, Thomas A, MacArthur C. Exercise for vasomotormenopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;11:CD006108. Avis NE, Legault C, Russell G, Weaver K, Danhauer SC. Pilot study of integral yoga for menopausal hot flashes. Menopause 2014;21:846- 854. Múltiples estudios en menopausia. Meditación, relajación Beneficio en CV, estado ánimo,sueño No evidencia clara en reducción de SVM Avis et al: 90´/sem x 10 sem + práctica casa: reducción 66% SVM vs 63% (educación bienestar) vs 36% (placebo) Cochrane (7 ECA): no diferencias yoga vs ej fco en SVM. Inf a TH
  • 20. Terapias conductuales Saensak S, Vutyavanich T, Somboonporn W, Srisurapanont M. Relaxation for perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2014;7:CD008582 Mann E, Smith M, Hellier J, Hunter MS. A randomised controlled trial of a cognitive behavioural intervention for women who have menopausal symptoms following breast cancer treatment (MENOS 1): trial protocol. BMC Cancer 2011;11:44. Ayers B, Smith M, Hellier J, Mann E, Hunter MS. Effectiveness of group and self-help cognitive behavior therapy in reducing problematic menopausal hot flushes and night sweats (MENOS 2): a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2012;19:749-759 Carmody JF, Crawford S, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Leung K, Churchill L, Olendzki N. Mindfulness training for coping with hot flashes: results of a randomized trial. Menopause 2011;18:611-620 Coronado PJ, Oliva A, Fasero M, Piñel C1, Herraiz MA, Pérez-López FR. Resilience and related factors in urban, mid-aged Spanish women. Climacteric. Pueden ser útiles en SVM. Evidencia escasa. Calidad pobre Objetivo: relajación,reducción estrés. Resiliencia, información Mejora calidad sueño, tr ánimo.. Xs estudios ca mama Relajación Terapia cognitivo conductual Respiración controlada Mindfulness (atención plena presente)
  • 21. Indice • 1. Fármacos no hormonales • 2. Modificaciones estilo de vida y dieta • 3. Terapias conductuales • 4.Medicina alternativa
  • 22. Medicina alternativa Hipnosis Elkins G, Marcus J, Stearns V, et al. Randomized trial of a hypnosis intervention for treatment of hot flashes among breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5022-5026 Elkins GR, Fisher WI, Johnson AK, Carpenter JS, Keith TZ. Clinical hypnosis in the treatment of postmenopausal hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2013;20:291- 298 Mejora calidad sueño, tr ánimo.. ECA : n=187 mujeres SVM severos. Tras 12s(5s/sem), diminuyó frecuencia intensidad y mejoró sig capacidad de control (55-75%) Evidencia en Ca mama
  • 23. Medicina alternativa Chiu HY, Pan CH, Shyu YK, Han BC, Tsai PS. Effects of acupuncture onmenopause-related symptoms and quality of life in women in naturalmenopause: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause2015;22:234–44. Dodin S, Blanchet C, Marc I, et al. Acupuncture for menopausal hot flushes.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;7:CD007410 Garland SN, Xie SX, Li Q, Seluzicki C, Basal C, Mao JJ. Comparative effectiveness of electro-acupuncture versus gabapentin for sleep disturbances in breast cancer survivors with hot flashes: a randomized trial.Menopause. 2016 Nov 21 Acupuntura Mejora calidad sueño (= 900mg gabapentina), calidad de vida.. Grupo control-placebo ideal ?: nada / acup simulada (+ sist límbico?) Rev Cochrane ´13: sup a no tto, = acupuntura simulada Metaanálisis ´15: eficaz SVM, no siempre comparado con simulada Evidencia en Ca mama
  • 24. Medicina alternativa Bloqueo del ganglio estrellado Mejora calidad sueño Mec acción desconocido. Utizado con fines analgésicos C6-T2. Bilat. Iny anest local. Radioguiado. Invasivo Efecto tardío: 2-4 meses. Pocos estudios Grupo control-placebo ideal ?: nada / punción suero ? SVM: 45-90% vs no tto. 20% vs punción simulada Lipov EG, Joshi JR, Xie H, Slavin KV. Updated findings on the effects of stellate-ganglion block on hot flushes and night awakenings. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:819-820 Haest K, Kumar A, Van Calster B, et al. Stellate ganglion block for the management of hot flashes and sleep disturbances in breast cancer survivors: an uncontrolled experimental study with 24 follow- up. Ann Oncol 2012;23:1449-1454. Walega DR, Rubin LH, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Maki PM. Effects of stellate ganglion block on VMS: findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2