The document outlines learning objectives for evaluating the validity and reliability of evidence presented, including differentiating between valid and counterfeit sources, identifying valid statements and sources, judging the validity of evidence, and appreciating the importance of validity and reliability when assessing evidence. It provides definitions and examples of key terms like validity, reliability, and credibility as well as examples of valid, reliable, and credible sources.

1. JUDGE THE VALIDITY
OF THE EVIDENCE
LISTENED TO

2. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. differentiate valid and reliable from counterfeit
b. identify valid and reliable statements and sources;
c. judge the validity of the evidence presented to; and
d. appreciate the importance of validity and reliability in
assessing any evidence listened to.

3. Validity/Valid
refers to the soundness and strength of argument
• According to Oxford Language dictionary defines
validity as the quality or being factually sound; the
state of being legally or officially binding or
acceptable.
Examples of valid sources:
Books
Journal articles
Published reports

4. • Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be
trusted.
• The quality of being able to be trusted to do what
somebody wants or needs.
Example of reliable sources:
The text of the law is better than reading a social media
post that a citizen wrote that talks about the law
Reliability/Reliable
that may be relied on or trusted

5. • The quality that somebody/something has that makes
people believe or trust them.
Example of credible sources:
Academic journals are often a great place to find
trustworthy and credible content, and are considered one
of the most reliable sources you can use in academic
writing.
Credibility/Credible
the quality of being believable or worthy of trust

6. In a press briefing, National Statistician
Dennis Mapa said the slower inflation
in March was mainly due to slower
price increases in three groups of
commodities — food and nonalcoholic
beverages; transportation; and
housing, water, electricity, gas and
other fuels.
Among the 13 groups of commodities
being monitored to estimate inflation,
two others showed slower price
increases in March compared to the
same month last year. These were
health as well as information and
communication. Read more:
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/ - Juan
I beg to disagree. I think it is
different from the data that were
shared to me by one of my
friends in social media. There
were pictures showing inflation
was running into double digits at
10.20%, and the release even
drove a late selloff in the
markets.-Marites

7. Guide Questions
1. Which of the two statements may gain your
favor? That of Juan or Marites? State your
reasons
2. What are the specific factors that make
your chosen statement more valid or reliable?

8. As technology has become commercialized and everyone can
create and upload various information on the internet, validity
and reliability of those can be compromised and misleading.
Here are some points that we should take into consideration to
check the validity and reliability of information:
1.Who is the author of the source?
This question points out the credentials of the author. Is he or she
a recognized expert in the field? Are they representing an
organization? If so, what is the organization's mission and goals? If
you're still unsure, try browsing the internet on the author or the
organization he or she belongs.
2. How did the source get its information?
This question refers to references used in the source. Look at a few
of the references. Do they look like reliable sources of information?
Does it look like the author is citing the source correctly? Use your
best judgment in validating. (.gov, .org, .edu, etc.)

9. In a press briefing, National Statistician Dennis Mapa said the slower inflation in March
was mainly due to slower price increases in three groups of commodities — food and
nonalcoholic beverages; transportation; and housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels.
Among the 13 groups of commodities being monitored to estimate inflation, two others
showed slower price increases in March compared to the same month last year. These were
health as well as information and communication.
Read more: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1753106/march-inflation-slows-but-still-top-
concern#ixzz7yBc0ebMx
3. What if the source you've found doesn't have references?
This question pertains to further checking the validity of the source.
See if you can fact-check the information in other ways. For instance,
if you're looking at a news article that quotes experts in a field,
browse the internet on the expert's name and see what other
information you can find on him or her. Author of the Source
Reference

10. Read the following news article published by RAPPLER on their website and
accomplish the learning tasks that follow.
The temporary permit, valid for three months of operation, was issued for the site following
the signing and issuance of an Affidavit of Understanding between parks Chief Executive
Officer (CEO) Pio Velasco promising to comply with the conditions of the city government.
“Right now, the city government has issued a provisional permit to the Igorot Stone Kingdom
due to the lack of a building permit for the constructed structures while they are fixing the
entire area to be titled,” said City Administrator Bonifacio dela Peña.
“The good thing about this is that they have been given an Environmental Compliance
Certificate (ECC), which means that there is no objection to their project in their area. There
has also been a meeting with the agencies concerned, up to the barangay and residents and
they have followed all the requirements they were supposed to present,” Dela Pena added.
The ongoing climate risk and vulnerability assessment by the Asian Development Bank and the
City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management found that the structure had “very high
landslide exposure.” The area was also designated as “prone to erosion” by the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. As part of the
conditions for the issuance of a permanent permit, Velasco was ordered to conduct slope
stability and structural integrity studies on the 6,000 square meter park to ensure that safety
standards are met.
Igorot Stone Kingdom allowed to reopen for 3 months| APR 7, 2023 7:06
PM PHT| ANGEL CASTILLO

11. Other conditions set by the local government include the following:
• A traffic mitigation plan approved by the City Engineering Office, Baguio City
Police Office, and Department of Public Works and Highways.
• Commitment to consult with the city’s Tourism Office for sustainability.
• Establishment of disclaimers on the site that indicates that the stories and
symbolisms used there are not reflective of, or associated with, any specific
indigenous culture or people.
Velasco also pledged to confine operations to the current boundaries of the park, as
well as undertake efforts to ensure that the operations of the park does not reroute
or block the natural waterways in the site.
Baguio City Mayor Benjamin Magalong said the decision to allow the reopening of the
park was based on deliberations and public consultations, as well as the mid-March
dismissal of the complaint against the park’s management for alleged violations of
Presidential Decree (PD) 1096 or the National Building Code, for lack of merit.
The park was closed in November 2022 due to permit and safety concerns. –
Rappler.com
Source: https://www.rappler.com/nation/luzon/igorot-stone-kingdom-allowed-
reopen/

12. Learning Task 1:
Statements below are taken from the article.
Underline the parts which make the statement valid or reliable. (20 pts)
1. The temporary permit, valid for three months of operation,
was issued for the site following the signing and issuance of an
Affidavit of Understanding between parks Chief Executive
Officer (CEO) Pio Velasco promising to comply with the
conditions of the city government.
2. “Right now, the city government has issued a provisional
permit to the Igorot Stone Kingdom due to the lack of a
building permit for the constructed structures while they are
fixing the entire area to be titled,” said City Administrator
Bonifacio dela Peña.

13. 3. The ongoing climate risk and vulnerability assessment by the
Asian Development Bank and the City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management found that the structure had “very high landslide
exposure.” The area was also designated as “prone to erosion” by
the Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources.
4. Baguio City Mayor Benjamin Magalong said the decision to allow
the reopening of the park was based on deliberations and public
consultations, as well as the mid-March dismissal of the complaint
against the park’s management for alleged violations of
Presidential Decree (PD) 1096 or the National Building Code, for
lack of merit.

14. Identify whether the following sources are VALID or NOT VALID
1. hearsays/gossips
2. site ending in .org
3. academic forums
4. site ending in .gov
5. post from unknown site
6. rants on social media
7. site ending in .edu
8. educational institutions and their websites
9. international journals
10. Google scholar
Learning Task 2:

15. Activity Time...
____1.A source that is biased is always unreliable and should be avoided.
____2.A book author must cite studies or other sources to be considered valid
and reliable.
____3.Reliable newspaper and magazine articles don’t have bibliographies;
therefore, they don’t have to cite sources to prove their claims.
____4.Academic journals are not particular about the credentials of the authors
they publish.
____5.Information/Post that is viral is always valid and reliable.
____6.Famous social media personality is always a good source of reliable and
valid information.
____7.The information is unreliable without source.
____8.A source that is good is valid.
____9.Audience is for whom the author intended the paper to be read or viewed.
____10. Counterchecking the credentials of the author/source in the internet is
important to verify the reliability of the information
Directions: Read the following statements about the validity and reliability of
source. Write “T” if it is true and “F” if otherwise.

16. Direction: Look for a news commentary related to
education. It may center on blended learning,
online examinations, etc. Evaluate the validity of
the evidence presented in the commentary. Write
your output in your notebook.
Assignment