This document provides an overview of Java programming, including its history, characteristics, and course objectives for a six-month industrial training. It discusses the evolution of Java versions, features introduced in each release, and the differences between JDK, JRE, and JVM. Additionally, it covers Java's architecture, memory areas, and its applications across various editions.

1. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Java Overview
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2. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Java Tutorials
Write Once Run Anywhere
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3. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Course Objectives
• Upon completing the course, you will understand
– Create, compile, and run Java programs
– Primitive data types
– Java control flow
– Methods
– Arrays (for teaching Java in two semesters, this could be the end)
– Object-oriented programming
– Core Java classes (Swing, exception, internationalization,
multithreading, multimedia, I/O, networking, Java
Collections Framework)
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4. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
What is Java?
1. History of Java.
2. Characteristics of Java
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5. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
5
History
• James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
• Oak
• Java, May 20, 1995, Sun World
• Now Java is the part of Oracle Corporation.
• HotJava
– The first Java-enabled Web browser
• JDK Evolutions
• J2SE, J2ME, and J2EE
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6. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Characteristics of Java
• Java is simple
• Java is object-oriented
• Java is distributed
• Java is interpreted
• Java is robust
• Java is secure
• Java is architecture-neutral
• Java is portable
• Java’s performance
• Java is multithreaded
• Java is dynamic
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7. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
1. JDK Version 1.0
Codenamed Oak and released on January 23, 1996.
2. JDK Version 1.1
Released on February 19, 1997
New features in JDK 1.1
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
Inner Classes
Java Beans
RMI (Remote Method Invocation)
Reflection (introspection only)
3. J2SE Version 1.2
Code named Playground and released on December 8,
1998.
New features in J2SE 1.2
Collections framework.
Java String memory map for constants.
Just In Time (JIT) compiler.
Jar Signer for signing Java ARchive (JAR) files.
JDK Versions
Version Continued…

8. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Policy Tool for granting access to system resources.
Java Foundation Classes (JFC) which consists of Swing 1.0, Drag and Drop, and
Java 2D class libraries.
Java Plug-in
Scrollable result sets, BLOB, CLOB, batch update, user-defined types in JDBC.
Audio support in Applets.
4. 2SE Version 1.3
Code named Kestrel and released on May 8, 2000.
New features in J2SE 1.3
Java Sound
Jar Indexing
A huge list of enhancements in almost all the java area.
5. J2SE Version 1.4
Code named Merlin and released on February 6, 2002 (first release under JCP).
Version Continued…

9. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
New features in J2SE 1.4
XML Processing, Java Print Service
Logging API, Java Web Start
JDBC 3.0 API, Assertions
Preferences API, Chained Exception
IPv6 Support, Regular Expressions
Image I/O API
6. J2SE Version 5.0
Code named Tiger and released on September 30, 2004.
New features in J2SE 5.0
Generics
Enhanced for Loop
Autoboxing/Unboxing
Typesafe Enums
Varargs
Static Import
Metadata (Annotations)
Instrumentation
Version Continued…

10. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Java Version SE 6
Code named Mustang and released on December 11, 2006.
New features in Java SE 6
Scripting Language Support
JDBC 4.0 API, Java Compiler API
Pluggable Annotations, Native PKI, Java GSS, Kerberos and LDAP support.
Integrated Web Services.
Lot more enhancements.
7. Java Version SE 7
Code named Dolphin and released on July 28, 2011.
New features in Java SE 7
Strings in switch Statement
Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation
Multiple Exception Handling
Support for Dynamic Languages
Try with Resources
Java nio Package
Binary Literals, underscore in literals
Diamond Syntax
Automatic null Handling
Version Continued…

11. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
8. Java Version SE 8
Java 8 was released on 18 March 2014. The code name culture
is dropped with Java 8 and so no official code name going
forward from Java 8.
New features in Java SE 8
Lambda Expressions
Pipelines and Streams
Date and Time API
Default Methods
Type Annotations
Nashhorn JavaScript Engine
Concurrent Accumulators
Parallel operations
PermGen Error Removed
TLS SNI
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12. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
JDK Editions
• Java Standard Edition (J2SE)
– J2SE can be used to develop client-side standalone
applications or applets.
• Java Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
– J2EE can be used to develop server-side applications
such as Java servlets and Java ServerPages.
• Java Micro Edition (J2ME).
– J2ME can be used to develop applications for mobile
devices such as cell phones.
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13. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Difference between JDK, JRE and JVM

14. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Process of Compilation and Execution and JVM Architecture
Java Source File
(.java)
Java Compiler
(javac)
Java class File
(.class)
Class Loader Subsystem
Loading Linking Initialization
1
2
3
A
B
C
D
1. Bootstrap class loader 2. Extension Class Loader 3. Application Class Loader
4. Verify 5. Prepare 6. Resolve
4
5
6
Extension Delegation Algorithm
Initialization
Continued…..

15. C-109,Sector-2,Gauttam Budh Nagar,Noida-201301
Various Memory Area in JVME
M
Method Area Heap Area Stack Area PC Register Native Method Stack
Class
data
Class
data
Object
data
Object
data
t1 tn
1. Stack Frame 2. Local variable Array 3. Upper end Stack 4. Frame Data
Note:- Every thread one stack area created.
PC register for t1
PC register for tn
t1 tn
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