ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 are international standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization, which was founded in 1947 to promote industrial and commercial standards. ISO 9000 focuses on quality management systems and is used by over one million companies worldwide, while ISO 14000 pertains to environmental management to minimize negative impacts on the environment. Both families of standards provide frameworks for organizations to enhance their performance, compliance, and customer satisfaction.

1. ISO 9000 and ISO 14000

2. ISO
• International standard organization
• It is federation of national standard bodies
• Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization promotes worldwide proprietary,
industrial, and commercial standards
• It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Members: 164 countries
• Function: Developer of international standard and facilitate word trade.
• Twenty thousand standard develop

3. ISO 9000
• ISO 9001 sets out the criteria for a quality management system and is the only standard
in the family that can be certified to. It can be used by any organization, large or small,
regardless of its field of activity. In fact, there are over one million companies and
organizations in over 170 countries certified to ISO 9001.
• This standard is based on a number of quality management principles including a strong
customer focus, the motivation and implication of top management, the process
approach and continual improvement.
• Using ISO 9001 helps ensure that customers get consistent, good-quality products and
services, which in turn brings many business benefits.

4. ISO 9000:2015 describes the fundamental concepts and principles of quality
management which are universally applicable to the following:
• Organizations seeking sustained success through the implementation of a quality
management system;
• Customers seeking confidence in an organization's ability to consistently provide
products and services conforming to their requirements;
• Organizations seeking confidence in their supply chain that their product and service
requirements will be met;
• Organizations and interested parties seeking to improve communication through a
common understanding of the vocabulary used in quality management;
• Organizations performing conformity assessments against the requirements of ISO
9001;
• Providers of training, assessment or advice in quality management;

5. ISO 9000 family
Some of the important standards in this family include :
• ISO 9O00: Explains fundamental quality concepts and provides
guidelines for the selection and application of each standard.
• ISO 9001: Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and
servicing.
• ISO 9002: Model for quality assurance in the production and installation of manufacturing
systems.
• ISO 9003: Quality assurance in final inspection and testing.
• ISO 9004: Guidelines for the application of standards in quality management and quality
systems.
• ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 are guidance standards. They describe what is necessary to 9001,9002 or
9003. accomplish the requirements outlined in standards

6. • ISO 9000 standards were publish first in 1987. major revision are made in 2000
and later in 2008. the most recent version are published in 2015.
 ISO 9000:2015 — basic concepts and vocabulary (definitions)
 ISO 9001: 2015 - requirements of a quality management system
 ISO 9004: 2018 — continuous improvement of quality management systems
 ISO 19011: 2018 — guidelines for internal and external audits of quality management systems,
• American Society for Quality (ASQ) administers the U.S. Technical Advisory
Groups and subcommittees that are responsible for developing the ISO 9000
series of standards In its standard development work, ASQ is accredited by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

7. Quality
management
principle
QMP 1-
Customer
focus
QMP 3-
Engagement of
people
QMP 2-
Leadership
QMP 6- Evidence
based decision
making
QMP 5-
Improvement
QMP 4-
Process approach
QMP 7-
Relationship
management

8. • QMP 1-Customer focus:
Sustained success is achieved when an organization attracts and retains the confidence
of customers and other interested parties. Every aspect of customer interaction provides an
opportunity to create more value for the customer. Understanding current and future needs
of customers and other interested parties contributes to sustained success of the
organization.
• QMP 2- Leadership:
Creation of unity of purpose and direction and engagement of people enable an
organization to align its strategies, policies, processes and resources to achieve its objectives.
• QMP 3-Engagement of people:
To manage an organization effectively and efficiently, it is important to involve all
people at all levels and to respect them as individuals. Recognition, empowerment and
enhancement of competence facilitate the engagement of people in achieving the
organization’s quality objectives.

9. • QMP 4- Process approach
Consistent and predictable results are achieved more effectively and
efficiently when activities are understood and managed as interrelated
processes that function as a coherent system. The quality management system
consists of interrelated processes. Understanding how results are produced by
this system enables an organization to optimize the system and its performance.
• QMP 5- Improvement
Successful organizations have an ongoing focus on improvement.
Improvement is essential for an organization to maintain current levels of
performance, to react to changes in its internal and external conditions and to
create new opportunities.

10. • QMP 6- Evidence based decision making
Decision making can be a complex process, and it always involves some uncertainty. It often
involves multiple types and sources of inputs, as well as their interpretation, which can be subjective.
It is important to understand cause-and-effect relationships and potential unintended consequences.
Facts, evidence and data analysis lead to greater objectivity and confidence in decision making.
• QMP 7- Relationship management
Interested parties influence the performance of an organization. Sustained success is more
likely to be achieved when the organization manages relationships with all of its interested parties to
optimize their impact on its performance. Relationship management with its supplier and partner
networks is of particular importance.

11. Important elements of ISO 9000
Management
responsibility
Quality system Contract review Design control
Document and
data control
Purchasing
Control of
customer-
supplied product
Product
identification and
traceability
Process control
Inspection and
testing
Control of
inspection,
measuring and
test equipment
Inspection and
test status
Control of non-
conforming
material
Corrective and
preventive action
Handling, storage,
packaging,
preservation and
delivery
Control of quality
records
Internal quality
audits
Training Servicing
Statistical
techniques

12. Benefits of ISO 9000
• Increased credibility from the ISO certification which increases the organization's market
ability.
• The rigorous certification process exposes deficiencies in the organization and when these are
addressed, it leads to significant cost savings in terms of time and money.
• The certification helps to improve quality of products and processes resulting in better/higher
customer satisfaction.
• Management control improves because of all the documentation and self-assessment involved
in the registration process.
• Communication and interactions between the different departments in the organization
improve creating better team spirit.
• As organizations move to improve their quality, the risk of product-liability begins to reduce.

13. ISO 14000
• ISO 14000 family comprises the international standards, technical reports and guides for
environmental management by organizations.
• ISO 14000 is family of standard related to environmental management that exist to help
organization for:
a. Minimize the negative effect of operations to the environment.
b. Comply with applicable laws, regulation, and environmental oriented requirement
c. Continuous improvement.
• ISO 14000 is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies
to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization
determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective.

14. • In 1996, ISO published the ISO 14000 family of standards, which was subsequently revised
in 2004 and the latest version available is of 2015. ISO 14001 is the standard to which
organizations can get certified.
• Some of the important standards in this family include:
ISO 14004: 2016 - Environmental management systems - general guidelines on implementation.
ISO 14031: 2013 - Environmental Management - environmental performance evaluation guidelines.
ISO 14006: 2011 - Environmental management systems - guidelines to incorporate eco design.
ISO 14064: 2006 — Greenhouse gases standards.
ISO 14020: 2000 — Environmental Labels and Declarations — general principles.

15. Benefits of ISO 14000
• It helps meet legal obligations towards environmental protection.
• Resources are used more efficiently.
• Waste is reduced.
• Environmental impacts get measured.
• Customer and stakeholder trust increases.
• Environmental obligations are managed the right way.

16. Key Elements of ISO 14001
Environmental policy
Planning
Implementation and Operation
Checking and Corrective Action
Management review.

17. Process of ISO Certification
1. Choosing the type of ISO Certification
2. Choosing an ISO Certification Body
3. Create an application /contract
4. Quality Documents Review
5. Make an Action Plan
6. Initial Certification Audit
7. Completing the ISO Certification
8. Surveillance Audits

18. Process of ISO Certification
1. Choosing the type of ISO Certification
• First of all, you need to choose the type of ISO certification required for
your business. There are various types of ISO certification available
such as :
• ISO 9001 2008 – Quality Management
• ISO 14001 – Environmental Management
• ISO 27001 – Information security Management
• ISO 22008 – Food Safety Management and so on.

19. 2. Choosing an ISO Certification Body
It must be noted that ISO itself does not provide certification to the companies. Certification is done by
the external bodies. It is very important that you choose recognized and credible certification body. While
choosing the ISO registrar, you should keep the following in mind:
• Evaluate several ISO Certification service providers.
• Check if they are following the CASCO standards. CASCO is the ISO committee that works on issues relating to conformity
assessment.
• Check whether it is accredited or not. Accreditation is not compulsory but they must meet the requirements of ISO
Accreditation bodies.
3. Create an application /contract
• The applicant and the registrar should agree on a contract. This contract usually defines rights and obligations
of both parties and includes liability issues, confidentiality, and access rights.

20. 4. Quality Documents Review
The ISO auditor will view all your quality manuals & documents related to various
policies & procedures being followed in the organization. Review of existing work will help
the ISO auditor to identify the possible gaps against the requirements stipulated in the ISO
standards.
5. Make an Action Plan
After the ISO auditor communicates the existing gaps in your organization, you should
prepare an action plan to eliminate these gaps. Prepare the list of the required tasks to be
performed to bring the desired changes in your organization. You may be required to give
training to your employees to work efficiently while adapting to new procedures. Make all the
employees aware of the ISO standards in terms of work efficiency and quality standards.

21. 6. Initial Certification Audit
The initial certification audit is divided into two categories-
Stage 1:
The ISO auditor will audit the changes made by you in the organization. They will then try to identify the
possible non-conformities in your systems and procedures to the desired quality management system. They will
divide these non-conformities into minor and major non-conformities.
The applicant must carefully assess all these non-conformities and get it aligned as per the desired quality
standards through modification in the techniques and processes used by the organization.
Stage 2:
After all the required changes are done in the organization, the ISO auditor does the final auditing. The
auditor will check whether all the non-conformities have been eliminated or not as per ISO quality standards. If the
ISO auditor is satisfied, they will prepare the final ISO audit report and forward it to the registrar.

22. 7. Completing the ISO Certification
After all non-conformities are addressed and all the findings are put
in the ISO audit report, the registrar will grant you the ISO certification.
8. Surveillance Audits
Surveillance audit is basically conducted to ensure that ISO quality
standards are being maintained by the organization. It is conducted from
time to time.

23. • Cost involved in the ISO Certification Process
Cost for getting ISO certification is not fixed and varies from organization to organization. The ISO certification agency calculates
the cost of ISO certification separately for each organization after considering them on different parameters such as :
 Number of employees
 Number of Processes
 Level of risk associated with the scope of services of the organization
 Complexity of the management system
 The number of working shifts etc.
• Time involved in the ISO Certification Process
Time taken in completing the whole process of ISO certification also varies from organization to organization. The fair idea can be
given by the ISO certification agency after assessing the size of the company. Generally, the time required to complete the process of
ISO certification is approximate :
• Small organizations: 6-8 months
• Medium organizations: 8-12 months
• Large organization: 12-15 months

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