The document provides an introduction to Web 3.0, also known as the semantic web. It discusses the evolution of the web from Web 1.0, which was static, to Web 2.0, which enabled two-way interaction and user-generated content through social media platforms. Web 3.0 aims to make the web semantic and machine-driven by putting meaning behind the structure and content of websites, allowing machines to better understand and process information on the web.
This igneous rock was ejected from a volcano and found along highway 41 on a mountain top. The fault line pictured near Kings City is not directly connected to the San Andreas fault line. Sedimentary environments on continents involve physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with a particular sediment type and the rock types formed after lithification.
La tienda Monisima Modas está liquidando su colección de invierno, ofreciendo un 30% de descuento al contado y un 15% de descuento para todas las tarjetas. La tienda vende trajes, pantalones, sacos, suéteres, camperas y accesorios en su local de Laprida 549.
The document describes three scientific instruments:
1. A hot air oven with a temperature range of 50-250°C, double-walled aluminum/stainless steel interior, and heating elements along the bottom and sides.
2. An incubator with a temperature range of 37-70°C, double-walled construction, and heating elements along the bottom and sides.
3. A muffle furnace with a maximum working temperature of 900°C, ceramic fiber wool insulation, kanthal wire heating elements, and digital temperature control.
This igneous rock was ejected from a volcano and found along highway 41 on a mountain top. The fault line pictured near Kings City is not directly connected to the San Andreas fault line. Sedimentary environments on continents involve physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with a particular sediment type and the rock types formed after lithification.
La tienda Monisima Modas está liquidando su colección de invierno, ofreciendo un 30% de descuento al contado y un 15% de descuento para todas las tarjetas. La tienda vende trajes, pantalones, sacos, suéteres, camperas y accesorios en su local de Laprida 549.
The document describes three scientific instruments:
1. A hot air oven with a temperature range of 50-250°C, double-walled aluminum/stainless steel interior, and heating elements along the bottom and sides.
2. An incubator with a temperature range of 37-70°C, double-walled construction, and heating elements along the bottom and sides.
3. A muffle furnace with a maximum working temperature of 900°C, ceramic fiber wool insulation, kanthal wire heating elements, and digital temperature control.
O documento discute distribuições de probabilidade, distribuição normal, teorema do limite central, intervalos de confiança para médias e proporções. O teorema do limite central estabelece que a distribuição das médias de amostras tende para uma distribuição normal quando o tamanho da amostra aumenta, independentemente da distribuição original da população. Intervalos de confiança fornecem uma faixa de valores prováveis para parâmetros populacionais com base em amostras.
The document describes several laboratory equipment manufactured by Ashok United Scientific Company including hot air ovens, incubators, and a muffle furnace. The hot air ovens and incubators have double-walled aluminum or stainless steel interiors and temperature ranges from 50-250°C and 37-70°C respectively. The BOD incubator is castor wheel mounted with a stainless steel interior, temperature range of 5-60°C, and fans for temperature uniformity. The muffle furnace has a maximum working temperature of 900°C controlled digitally.
Websites for Leaders: Inspiring Action to Grow Your CommunityEric Huber
Presented by Eric Huber with Blue Zoo Creative at the Sarkey's Foundation "Rethink Everything" on November 9-10, 2015. Review of items and best practices to engage and encourage a community of volunteers and donors online. NOTE: First two slides are part of a story giving an example of how 'overhead' is important.
Ashok United Scientific Co is a company that provides scientific equipment and supplies. They have been in business for over 30 years, serving customers across multiple industries with their wide selection of lab equipment, chemicals, and other materials needed for research and testing. The company aims to be a one-stop shop for all scientific supply needs through their large inventory and commitment to excellent customer service.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos de Web 2.0 y plataformas virtuales. Explica que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y publicar contenido en blogs, redes sociales y portales de alojamiento de fotos y videos en lugar de solo recibir información de manera pasiva. También describe wikis como herramientas colaborativas para la escritura de artículos y redes sociales donde los nodos son personas conectadas por amistades e intereses. Compartir información en cualquier formato beneficia a todos frente
The document lists various artworks and their titles, artists, and dates. It includes portraits, sculptures like "The Dying Indian Chief" and "Fisher Boy", and other works such as "The Knee and Pelvic Joints" from 1876. The works span from the 18th century up to the late 19th century and include titles, artists, and dates to identify different pieces of visual art.
El documento proporciona información sobre obras civiles, la interventoría, y los roles y responsabilidades del interventor, contratista y propietario. Describe los tipos de obras civiles como plantas de tratamiento de aguas, presas y líneas de conducción. Explica que la interventoría supervisa la ejecución del proyecto para garantizar el cumplimiento de especificaciones, costos y plazos. También resume los principales documentos como el contrato y los pliegos de condiciones requeridos.
MindManager es un programa de mapas mentales que permite crear, editar y organizar mapas de ideas. Cuenta con varias herramientas para añadir y modificar temas, imágenes, hipervínculos y más. Ofrece también funciones para compartir, presentar y exportar los mapas a otros formatos.
Este documento describe tres formas de ingresar a Microsoft Excel 2007 y los procesos básicos de introducir, editar, borrar datos y modificar el ancho de columnas. Se puede ingresar a través del menú Inicio, Ejecutar o mediante un acceso directo en el escritorio. Para introducir datos se coloca el cursor en la celda, se escribe el dato y se presiona Enter. Para editar, se usa F2 y para borrar se usa Supr/Delete. El ancho de columnas se modifica según el tamaño del dato.
Este documento describe la función SI en Excel. La función SI realiza una prueba lógica y devuelve un valor u otro dependiendo del resultado de la prueba. Incluye la sintaxis, operadores de comparación, y un ejemplo donde se usa la función SI para multiplicar valores por 1.19 si la categoría es "Arriendo" o por 1 si es "Capacitación".
Este documento describe la función SI en Excel. La función SI realiza una prueba lógica y devuelve un valor u otro dependiendo del resultado de la prueba. La función tiene tres partes: la prueba lógica, el valor si la prueba es verdadera, y el valor si la prueba es falsa. El documento explica estos componentes y proporciona un ejemplo de cómo usar la función SI para multiplicar valores por factores diferentes dependiendo del tipo de servicio.
El documento describe el concepto de e-learning y sus elementos clave. Explica que el e-learning integra el uso de TIC como Internet, intranets y presentaciones multimedia para el aprendizaje a distancia. Define los elementos de cursos, plataformas y sistemas de comunicación asíncronos y síncronos. También resume las funcionalidades y clasificaciones más comunes de plataformas de e-learning, así como ventajas e inconvenientes del modelo.
PowerPoint es un programa que permite crear presentaciones sintetizando información en ideas con imágenes y gráficos. Se pueden diseñar presentaciones personalizadas e insertar diferentes elementos como texto, tablas, diagramas, videos e hipervínculos. El documento explica cómo realizar funciones básicas en PowerPoint como crear diapositivas, agregar fondos, imágenes y efectos de transición entre diapositivas.
Este documento presenta una introducción a Windows. Explica brevemente la historia de las computadoras y sus componentes básicos como el teclado, ratón y pantalla. Luego describe los conceptos clave del sistema operativo Windows como el escritorio, menú inicio, explorador de archivos y cómo crear y organizar carpetas y archivos. Finalmente incluye ejercicios prácticos para que el usuario experimente estas funciones.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a las funciones principales de MindManager, incluyendo cómo crear y editar mapas conceptuales, añadir temas y subtemas, organizar y ver temas, añadir información ampliada como notas e hipervínculos, e importar y exportar mapas. También explica cómo aplicar formatos, estilos e imágenes, y cómo compartir, presentar y revisar mapas.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a las funciones principales de MindManager, incluyendo cómo crear y editar mapas conceptuales, añadir temas y subtemas, organizar y ver temas, añadir información ampliada como notas e hipervínculos, e importar y exportar mapas. También explica cómo aplicar formatos, estilos e imágenes, y cómo compartir, presentar y revisar mapas.
El documento explica cómo crear un video con Movie Maker, incluyendo cómo importar videos, imágenes y audio; editarlos en la línea de tiempo o guión gráfico; agregar títulos, efectos y transiciones; y guardar el proyecto terminado como un archivo de video.
El documento presenta las instrucciones para la creación de una revista digital sobre diferentes temas como la Guerra del Cenepa, Simón Bolívar, el Ejército Ecuatoriano, entre otros. Los estudiantes deberán investigar uno de los temas y producir una revista de 20 páginas en Word siguiendo ciertos criterios como incluir portada, índice, imágenes, tablas y gráficos, entre otros. La revista deberá entregarse en formato PDF e impresa para su evaluación.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos de Web 2.0 y plataformas virtuales. Explica que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y publicar contenido en blogs, redes sociales y portales de alojamiento de fotos y videos en lugar de solo recibir información de manera pasiva. También describe wikis como herramientas para la colaboración en escritura de artículos y redes sociales como conexiones entre personas con intereses en común.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
O documento discute distribuições de probabilidade, distribuição normal, teorema do limite central, intervalos de confiança para médias e proporções. O teorema do limite central estabelece que a distribuição das médias de amostras tende para uma distribuição normal quando o tamanho da amostra aumenta, independentemente da distribuição original da população. Intervalos de confiança fornecem uma faixa de valores prováveis para parâmetros populacionais com base em amostras.
The document describes several laboratory equipment manufactured by Ashok United Scientific Company including hot air ovens, incubators, and a muffle furnace. The hot air ovens and incubators have double-walled aluminum or stainless steel interiors and temperature ranges from 50-250°C and 37-70°C respectively. The BOD incubator is castor wheel mounted with a stainless steel interior, temperature range of 5-60°C, and fans for temperature uniformity. The muffle furnace has a maximum working temperature of 900°C controlled digitally.
Websites for Leaders: Inspiring Action to Grow Your CommunityEric Huber
Presented by Eric Huber with Blue Zoo Creative at the Sarkey's Foundation "Rethink Everything" on November 9-10, 2015. Review of items and best practices to engage and encourage a community of volunteers and donors online. NOTE: First two slides are part of a story giving an example of how 'overhead' is important.
Ashok United Scientific Co is a company that provides scientific equipment and supplies. They have been in business for over 30 years, serving customers across multiple industries with their wide selection of lab equipment, chemicals, and other materials needed for research and testing. The company aims to be a one-stop shop for all scientific supply needs through their large inventory and commitment to excellent customer service.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos de Web 2.0 y plataformas virtuales. Explica que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y publicar contenido en blogs, redes sociales y portales de alojamiento de fotos y videos en lugar de solo recibir información de manera pasiva. También describe wikis como herramientas colaborativas para la escritura de artículos y redes sociales donde los nodos son personas conectadas por amistades e intereses. Compartir información en cualquier formato beneficia a todos frente
The document lists various artworks and their titles, artists, and dates. It includes portraits, sculptures like "The Dying Indian Chief" and "Fisher Boy", and other works such as "The Knee and Pelvic Joints" from 1876. The works span from the 18th century up to the late 19th century and include titles, artists, and dates to identify different pieces of visual art.
El documento proporciona información sobre obras civiles, la interventoría, y los roles y responsabilidades del interventor, contratista y propietario. Describe los tipos de obras civiles como plantas de tratamiento de aguas, presas y líneas de conducción. Explica que la interventoría supervisa la ejecución del proyecto para garantizar el cumplimiento de especificaciones, costos y plazos. También resume los principales documentos como el contrato y los pliegos de condiciones requeridos.
MindManager es un programa de mapas mentales que permite crear, editar y organizar mapas de ideas. Cuenta con varias herramientas para añadir y modificar temas, imágenes, hipervínculos y más. Ofrece también funciones para compartir, presentar y exportar los mapas a otros formatos.
Este documento describe tres formas de ingresar a Microsoft Excel 2007 y los procesos básicos de introducir, editar, borrar datos y modificar el ancho de columnas. Se puede ingresar a través del menú Inicio, Ejecutar o mediante un acceso directo en el escritorio. Para introducir datos se coloca el cursor en la celda, se escribe el dato y se presiona Enter. Para editar, se usa F2 y para borrar se usa Supr/Delete. El ancho de columnas se modifica según el tamaño del dato.
Este documento describe la función SI en Excel. La función SI realiza una prueba lógica y devuelve un valor u otro dependiendo del resultado de la prueba. Incluye la sintaxis, operadores de comparación, y un ejemplo donde se usa la función SI para multiplicar valores por 1.19 si la categoría es "Arriendo" o por 1 si es "Capacitación".
Este documento describe la función SI en Excel. La función SI realiza una prueba lógica y devuelve un valor u otro dependiendo del resultado de la prueba. La función tiene tres partes: la prueba lógica, el valor si la prueba es verdadera, y el valor si la prueba es falsa. El documento explica estos componentes y proporciona un ejemplo de cómo usar la función SI para multiplicar valores por factores diferentes dependiendo del tipo de servicio.
El documento describe el concepto de e-learning y sus elementos clave. Explica que el e-learning integra el uso de TIC como Internet, intranets y presentaciones multimedia para el aprendizaje a distancia. Define los elementos de cursos, plataformas y sistemas de comunicación asíncronos y síncronos. También resume las funcionalidades y clasificaciones más comunes de plataformas de e-learning, así como ventajas e inconvenientes del modelo.
PowerPoint es un programa que permite crear presentaciones sintetizando información en ideas con imágenes y gráficos. Se pueden diseñar presentaciones personalizadas e insertar diferentes elementos como texto, tablas, diagramas, videos e hipervínculos. El documento explica cómo realizar funciones básicas en PowerPoint como crear diapositivas, agregar fondos, imágenes y efectos de transición entre diapositivas.
Este documento presenta una introducción a Windows. Explica brevemente la historia de las computadoras y sus componentes básicos como el teclado, ratón y pantalla. Luego describe los conceptos clave del sistema operativo Windows como el escritorio, menú inicio, explorador de archivos y cómo crear y organizar carpetas y archivos. Finalmente incluye ejercicios prácticos para que el usuario experimente estas funciones.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a las funciones principales de MindManager, incluyendo cómo crear y editar mapas conceptuales, añadir temas y subtemas, organizar y ver temas, añadir información ampliada como notas e hipervínculos, e importar y exportar mapas. También explica cómo aplicar formatos, estilos e imágenes, y cómo compartir, presentar y revisar mapas.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a las funciones principales de MindManager, incluyendo cómo crear y editar mapas conceptuales, añadir temas y subtemas, organizar y ver temas, añadir información ampliada como notas e hipervínculos, e importar y exportar mapas. También explica cómo aplicar formatos, estilos e imágenes, y cómo compartir, presentar y revisar mapas.
El documento explica cómo crear un video con Movie Maker, incluyendo cómo importar videos, imágenes y audio; editarlos en la línea de tiempo o guión gráfico; agregar títulos, efectos y transiciones; y guardar el proyecto terminado como un archivo de video.
El documento presenta las instrucciones para la creación de una revista digital sobre diferentes temas como la Guerra del Cenepa, Simón Bolívar, el Ejército Ecuatoriano, entre otros. Los estudiantes deberán investigar uno de los temas y producir una revista de 20 páginas en Word siguiendo ciertos criterios como incluir portada, índice, imágenes, tablas y gráficos, entre otros. La revista deberá entregarse en formato PDF e impresa para su evaluación.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los conceptos de Web 2.0 y plataformas virtuales. Explica que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y publicar contenido en blogs, redes sociales y portales de alojamiento de fotos y videos en lugar de solo recibir información de manera pasiva. También describe wikis como herramientas para la colaboración en escritura de artículos y redes sociales como conexiones entre personas con intereses en común.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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4. Web 1.0
1993
Hyperlinks, static,
consumption
It’s worth going back in history. Web 1.0 was static. Publishers built things & people came & read them.
5. Web 2.0
2004
2 way, interactive,
producing, social
Web 2.0 - social web. People became the publishers, websites became the mechanism to allow people to connect (Flickr, Twitter,
Facebook, Wikipedia).
6. Web 3.0
~2010
Semantic, machine driven
Web 3.0 - semantic, machine to machine, putting meaning behind the structure/content of websites.
7. What does semantic web mean. Lets say you do a search for a recipe on Google. Notice the search results, there’s reviews with
star ratings, there is ingredient facets, cooking time facets, kilojoule facets. How does this work?
9. <a href=”http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/”>
<img src=”http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.png”>
</a>
Let’s look at the basic HTML structure behind these mechanisms. Something every page has - license information. This is
typically marked up like this as a link. There’s no meaning to the link, it could be a link to anywhere.
10. <a rel=”license” href=”http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/”>
<img src=”http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/3.0/88x31.png”>
</a>
By adding in an attribute describing what the link is, suddenly we have turned the link from a normal link into something with
some semantic meaning. This is what all of these formats do, they add in extra descriptive markup.
11. schema.org A place that describes all the markup you can add for search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo).
12. At this page you can see schemas for all sorts of common things - books, maps, music, photographs, recipies, reviews,
scultpure, organisations, places and more.
13. <div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Recipe">
<h1 property="v:name">Grandma's Holiday Apple Pie</h1>
<img src="apple-pie.jpg" rel="v:photo"/>
By <span property="v:author">Carol Smith</span>
Published: <span property="v:published" content="2009-11-05">November 5,
2009</span>
<span property="v:summary">This is my grandmother's apple pie recipe. I
like to add a dash of nutmeg.</span>
<span rel="v:Review">
<span typeof="v:Review-aggregate">
<span rel="v:rating">
<span typeof="v:Rating">
<span property="v:average">4.0</span> stars based on
<span property="v:count">35</span> reviews
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
Prep time: <span property="v:prepTime" content="PT30M">30 min</span>
Cook time: <span property="v:cookTime" content="PT1H">1 hour</span>
Total time: <span property="v:totalTime" content="PT1H30M">1 hour 30 min<
span>
Yield: <span property="v:yield">1 9" pie (8 servings)</span>
<span rel="v:nutrition">
<span typeof="v:Nutrition">
Serving size: <span property="v:servingSize">1 medium slice</span>
Calories per serving: <span property="v:calories">250</span>
Fat per serving: <span property="v:fat">12g</span>
Let’s look at </span> the Google recipe example. This is marked up with RDFa. Don’t worry too much about the meanings
the HTML of
</span>
yet as I’ll try to describe them all later.
Ingredients:
14. <div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Recipe">
<h1 property="v:name">Grandma's Holiday Apple Pie</h1>
<img src="apple-pie.jpg" rel="v:photo"/>
By <span property="v:author">Carol Smith</span>
Published: <span property="v:published" content="2009-11-05">November 5,
2009</span>
<span property="v:summary">This is my grandmother's apple pie recipe. I
like to add a dash of nutmeg.</span>
<span rel="v:Review">
<span typeof="v:Review-aggregate">
<span rel="v:rating">
<span typeof="v:Rating">
<span property="v:average">4.0</span> stars based on
<span property="v:count">35</span> reviews
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
Prep time: <span property="v:prepTime" content="PT30M">30 min</span>
Cook time: <span property="v:cookTime" content="PT1H">1 hour</span>
Total time: <span property="v:totalTime" content="PT1H30M">1 hour 30 min<
span>
Yield: <span property="v:yield">1 9" pie (8 servings)</span>
<span rel="v:nutrition">
<span typeof="v:Nutrition">
Serving size: <span property="v:servingSize">1 medium slice</span>
Calories per serving: <span property="v:calories">250</span>
Fat per serving: <span property="v:fat">12g</span>
This defines </span>information about the content of the page.
some basic
</span>
Ingredients:
15. <div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#" typeof="v:Recipe">
<h1 property="v:name">Grandma's Holiday Apple Pie</h1>
<img src="apple-pie.jpg" rel="v:photo"/>
By <span property="v:author">Carol Smith</span>
Published: <span property="v:published" content="2009-11-05">November 5,
2009</span>
<span property="v:summary">This is my grandmother's apple pie recipe. I
like to add a dash of nutmeg.</span>
<span rel="v:Review">
<span typeof="v:Review-aggregate">
<span rel="v:rating">
<span typeof="v:Rating">
<span property="v:average">4.0</span> stars based on
<span property="v:count">35</span> reviews
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
Prep time: <span property="v:prepTime" content="PT30M">30 min</span>
Cook time: <span property="v:cookTime" content="PT1H">1 hour</span>
Total time: <span property="v:totalTime" content="PT1H30M">1 hour 30 min<
span>
Yield: <span property="v:yield">1 9" pie (8 servings)</span>
<span rel="v:nutrition">
<span typeof="v:Nutrition">
Serving size: <span property="v:servingSize">1 medium slice</span>
Calories per serving: <span property="v:calories">250</span>
Fat per serving: <span property="v:fat">12g</span>
</span>
This describes the star ratings
</span>
Ingredients:
16. <span property="v:count">35</span> reviews
</span>
</span>
</span>
</span>
Prep time: <span property="v:prepTime" content="PT30M">30 min</span>
Cook time: <span property="v:cookTime" content="PT1H">1 hour</span>
Total time: <span property="v:totalTime" content="PT1H30M">1 hour 30 min<
span>
Yield: <span property="v:yield">1 9" pie (8 servings)</span>
<span rel="v:nutrition">
<span typeof="v:Nutrition">
Serving size: <span property="v:servingSize">1 medium slice</span>
Calories per serving: <span property="v:calories">250</span>
Fat per serving: <span property="v:fat">12g</span>
</span>
</span>
Ingredients:
<span rel="v:ingredient">
<span typeof="v:Ingredient">
Thinly-sliced <span property="v:name">apples</span>:
<span property="v:amount">6 cups</span>
</span>
</span>
<span rel="v:ingredient">
<span typeof="v:Ingredient">
<span property="v:name">White sugar</span>:
<span property="v:amount">3/4 cup</span>
</span>
</span>
Further down it’s marked up with times, nutritional values, ingredients, etc.
...
17. So you can see from the markup, how Google can use this information to build the results page with the reviews, the facets for
time, ingredients and nutritional value. If those added bits of information weren’t added into the markup this couldn’t be built.
Pages that have this extra markup in them tend to rank higher in Google that pages that don’t have this specific markup in
them.
18. Let’s enter into the world of the semantic web. Now there’s lots of scary terms when you start heading down this path - Triples,
predicates, SPARQL. The basics really aren’t that scary, but immensely powerful. So let’s dive into the basics of RDFa.
19. R
Resource
D
Description
F
Framework
a
attributes
RDFa - RDF in attributes.
23. Subject Frank Hurley
Predicate takes
Object photographs
These three things make up a triple. with a subject, predicate & object.
24. Subject
http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an25043941
You have a subject - in this case the URL of the photo
25. Objects
Exterior of.... -37.816068
144.961201
Museum
http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an25043941
1961 1 negative : b&w ; 12.5 x 10.0 cm.
You have objects that are related to the subject, but they are meaningless without...
26. Predicates
Exterior of.... -37.816068
144.961201
Title
Latitude
Museum
Longitude
Coverage http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an25043941
Date Format
1961 1 negative : b&w ; 12.5 x 10.0 cm.
Predicates. These form triples.
27. Finding namespaces
One of the beauties of this system is it’s supposed to be extensible, if there isn’t an existing namespace you can write your own
(yuk). You can guarantee that 15 different organisations will write 15 different versions. We’ve seen this already in the examples
from schema.org, Dublin Core
28. CURIE
dc:creator
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
The property called creator
from the vocabulary
identified by dc
Compact URI’s called Curies.
29. dc:creator
An entity primarily responsible for
making the resource.
Examples of a Creator include a
person, an organization, or a service.
Typically, the name of a Creator
should be used to indicate the entity.
It’s something that has a meaning & it’s something that should be being used consistently across all the cases that use it.
30. dc:title
dc:creator
dc:subject
dc:coverage
dc:relation
dc:identifier
dc:rights
dc:type
...
So we can fill in the blanks for all of these bits of information
31. foaf:person
foaf:knows
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
In addition, we can also mark it up using other schemes, so people can be marked up with their relationships.
32. Let’s have a look at Flickr. With Flickr you can add tags, to help describe the image. If you add in tags in a special format they
are known as machine tags.
33. Now “machine tags” are a special type of tag. They actually start to describe the image & provide extra information. In this case
geo:lat= something geo:lon= something. However, they don’t actually link to a description, so although they copy, there isn’t
quite the same degree of semantic structure to them.
34. In the library world we typically have a MARC record as our master record. Very ugly, but very structured. Fields with all their
arcane subfields, each is defined and has a distinct meaning.
35. We sometimes transpose that data into other formats. This is an export of our data from our OAI-PMH interface & you can see
that it’s in XML & it’s rich, everything has a value, it conforms to a standard structure - Dublin Core. Compared to MARC it’s a bit
more human readable.
36. We then take this information and present it on the web in HTML. But if we look at a web page, this rich markup is lost. In our
HTML we have basic markup that Gives a bit of weight to various parts of the page.
37. H1
We have an H1 tag that gives some weight to the most important thing on the page - the title.
38. H1
TH TD
We mark up the rest of the information in a table. There’s an implied relationship between the table headings and the table data,
but we’re not saying what that relationship is. It could be anything.
39. At a basic machine level, there really isn’t a lot that is describing these elements and there isn’t anything that makes these
specific.
40. <div>
<h1>[Sydney Harbour scene with naval vessels in foreground, and Harbour Bridge in
distance] [picture] /</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>[between 1910 and 1962]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Format</th>
<td>1 negative : acetate, b&w ; 8.7 x 12.1 cm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Online Versions</th>
<td>http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
In this case it’s a table. there is an implicit relationship between the table header & the table data
41. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/
xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
<div about="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397">
<h1>[Sydney Harbour scene with naval vessels in foreground, and Harbour Bridge in
distance] [picture] /</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td>[between 1910 and 1962]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Format</th>
<td>1 negative : acetate, b&w ; 8.7 x 12.1 cm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Online Versions</th>
<td>http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Let’s start to use RDFa to start to build specific relationships on the page. Let’s start with our subject.
42. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/
xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
<div about="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397">
<h1 property="dc:title">[Sydney Harbour scene with naval vessels in foreground, and
Harbour Bridge in distance] [picture] /</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td property="dc:date">[between 1910 and 1962]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Format</th>
<td property="dc:format">1 negative : acetate, b&w ; 8.7 x 12.1 cm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Online Versions</th>
<td property="dc:identifier">http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Predicates as attributes
43. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/
xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
<div about="http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397">
<h1 property="dc:title">[Sydney Harbour scene with naval vessels in foreground, and
Harbour Bridge in distance] [picture] /</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Date</th>
<td property="dc:date">[between 1910 and 1962]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Format</th>
<td property="dc:format">1 negative : acetate, b&w ; 8.7 x 12.1 cm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Online Versions</th>
<td property="dc:identifier">http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an23417397</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
And the objects are the values marked up within the tags.
44. This is a little geo-explorer application I built. The underlying code has been built incorporating RDFa. As you can see visually, it
looks just like any normal webpage, there is nothing special about it.
45. By using a Firefox plugin (Fuzz) I can see the underlying semantic structure that exists beyond the visual - what a machine
would see.
46. RDF
Exterior of.... -37.816068
144.961201
Title
Latitude
Museum
Longitude
Coverage http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an25043941
Creator
Sievers, Wolfgang TypeOf
Person
isPrimaryTopicOf
http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-558817
It’s a bit easier to see the semantic relationships as a graph. You’ll often see this sort of representation of semantics. You’ll
notice that there’s now semantic linkages between 2 different URL’s - neat.
47. OWL
Web Ontology language
Used to describe the meanings of terms in
vocabularies and the relationships between
the terms. Used for applications rather than
human presentation.
OWL - complex rules defining the properties.
49. What are the capital cities in
countries within Africa?
PREFIX abc: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>
SELECT ?capital ?country
WHERE {
?x abc:cityname ?capital ;
abc:isCapitalOf ?y .
?y abc:countryname ?country ;
abc:isInContinent abc:Africa .
}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL
An example query that returns all the capital cities in countries within Africa. You might want to query all the books that were
published by a company where the authors were born in Melbourne.
50. Markup HTML using RDFa
Provide RDF output in API’s
What can libraries start to do? This leads to data reuse, mashups, applications. Increased Google rank.
51. Use external resources such as dbpedia.org - Community effort to extract data from wikipedia & make it available. This is
entering the world of linked data.
52. See the different spellings of Canberra - we don’t need to know all of these, but can extract them from other resources - linked
data.
53. For further info, there’s a couple of really good presentations from Sir Tim Berners-Lee on TED