This document summarizes MongoDB, an open-source document database. It discusses MongoDB's key features like schema-less document storage, rich queries, auto-sharding and replication. It provides examples of CRUD operations using the mongo shell and comparisons to SQL. The document also outlines some use cases, driver support, limitations and resources for learning more.

1. MongoDB
Alex Bilbie

2. Alex Bilbie
Developer at the University of Lincoln
Happy MongoDB user since 2010
Tweet me @alexbilbie

3. Relational Database
Management Systems

4. Relational Database
Management Systems
(RDBMS)

5. RDBMS
Almost every application has one
Schemas
Joins, aggregation, normalisation

6. RDBMS
Difficult to scale
Can be inflexible

7. MongoDB
Developed by 10gen in 2007
Open sourced in 2009
Bridge the gap between key-value stores and RDBMS

8. MongoDB
Performance
“Bitchin’ fast”
Rich dynamic queries
Lazy creation
Schema-less
Easy replication and failover
Auto sharding
13 official language drivers (dozens of community-created drivers)

9. Memcached
Key/value
Performance
MongoDB
stores
RDBMS
Functionality

10. Limitations
No transactions
No joins
32bit integers
Memory-whore
16MB document size
Authentication

11. Some terminology
Document == row
Collection == table
Database == database

12. Documents

13. {
“_id” : ObjectID(“7qhlhsdf89sdf98899989a”),
“name” : “Alex”,
“age” : 22,
“tags” : [“PHP”, “REST”, “APIs”, “MongoDB”]
}

14. Documents
Can store JSON types - strings, integers, floats, doubles,
arrays, objects, null, boolean
Special types - data, object id, binary, regex, and code
16mb hard limit
Every document can have different keys

15. Collections

16. Collections
Logical groups of documents
Indexes

17. Databases
Contain collections
Authentication
Global read/write user
Local read/write user
Local read only user

18. Executables
mongo
mongod
mongos
mongodump
mongorestore
mongosniff

19. PHP driver
pecl install mongo
Source on Github - http://lncn.eu/cdu7
Regularly updated
CodeIgniter library - http://lncn.eu/fmy5

20. mongo

21. > show dbs
admin
blog
> use blog
switched to blog
> show collections
posts

22. > db.posts.count()
1

23. > db.posts.findOne()
{
_id : ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),
title : “Hello world!”,
body : “Lorem ipsum...”,
author : {
name : “Alex”
}
}
> db.posts.find().limit(1)
> db.posts.find().limit(1).pretty()

24. > db.posts.insert({
title : “Another post”,
body : “Dolor sit amet...”
author : {
name : “Alex”
},
tags : [“PHP”, “MongoDB”]
})
> db.posts.save({...})

25. SELECT * FROM posts WHERE title =
“Another Post”
db.posts.find({title : “Another Post”})
{ _id : ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),
title : “Another post”, body : “Dolor sit
amet...”, author : {name : “Alex”}, tags :
[“PHP”, “MongoDB”] }

26. SELECT body FROM posts WHERE title =
“Another Post”
db.posts.find({title : “Another Post”},
{body : 1})
{ _id : ObjectId(‘8dfhosiahdf89sf9sd’),
body : “Dolor sit amet...” }

27. db.posts.find({}, {author.name : 1})

28. db.posts.find({author.name : /Alex/},
{author.name : 1})
db.posts.find({author.name : /alex/i},
{author.name : 1})

29. db.posts.find().sort(title : 1)
db.posts.find().sort(title : -1)
db.posts.find().limit(1)
db.posts.find().limit(1).skip(1)

30. db.people.insert({name : “Alex”, age: 22, sex :
“Male”})
db.people.insert({name : “Nick”, age: 24, sex :
“Male”})
db.people.insert({name : “Steph”, age: 28, sex :
“Female”})

31. SELECT * FROM people WHERE age > 22
db.people.find({age : {$gt : 22}})

32. SELECT * FROM people WHERE age <= 25
db.people.find({age : {$lte : 25}})

33. $gt Greater than
$gte Greater than or equal to
$lt Less than
$lte Less than or equal to
$ne Not equal to
$in In array
$nin Not in array

34. $mod Mod operator
$all Matches all values in array
$size Size of array
$exists Key in array exists
$type Matches data type
$not Negates value of another operator
$or Where == OR ==
$nor Where !== AND !==

35. // single ascending index
db.people.ensureIndex({name:1})

36. // single descending index
db.people.ensureIndex({name:-1})

37. // unique
db.people.ensureIndex({name:-1},
{unique: true})

38. // non blocking
db.people.ensureIndex({name:1},
{background:true})

39. // compound
db.people.ensureIndex({name:1, age:
1})

40. {
_id: ObjectId(‘...’),
name: “Hotel IBIS”
location: {
lon: 54.2285,
lat: -0.5477
}
}
db.places.ensureIndex({location: 2d})

41. // Remove all documents
db.people.remove()
// Remove with condition
db.people.remove({name: “Alex”})

42. // Update
db.people.update({name: “Alex”},
{$set : {name: “Alex Bilbie”})

43. $inc Increment value
$set Set field to value
$unset Delete field
$push Appends field to value (if field is an
array otherwise works like $set)
$pushAll Multiple $push
$addToSet $push only if not exists
$pop Array pop
$pull Removes all occurrences of value

44. $pull Removes all occurrences of
value
$pullAll Pull all values
$rename Rename field
$bit Bitwise update of field

45. db.people.count()
db.people.count({name: “Alex”})

46. db.people.distinct(‘name’)
db.people.distinct(‘name’, {age: { $lte:
25}})

47. No joins?
1. Embed
2. Separate collection + double query

48. Embed
{
comments: [
{
text: “Awesome dude!”
},
{
text: “Totally radical”
}
]
}

49. Embed
+ Keeps everything together (pre-joining)
- Harder to query
16mb hard limit on document size

50. Double query
> db.post.find({id: 123})
> db.comments.find({post_id: 123})

51. Double query
+ Don’t need to worry about hard limit
+ Much easier querying
+/- Double query

52. Some untruths
“MongoDB is not single server durable”
“MongoDB will lose my data because it is not ACID
compliant”
“I need 12 terabytes of RAM to use MongoDB”
“MongoDB is just CouchDB but with more marketing weight
behind it”

53. How we use MongoDB
AD
Blackboard
BP Nucleus
CMIS
Estates

54. How we use MongoDB
.xml
.json
.csv
.rdfxml
Nucleus .tutle
.n3
.ntriples
.kml

55. Appropriate Use Caes
Logs
Data warehousing / archiving
Location based apps (Foursquare / o2 Priorities)
Ecommerce (with RDBMS for billing)
Gaming
Real time stats

56. Less well suited use cases
Tractional systems
Epic join based query based systems

57. CodeIgniter and MongoDB
CodeIgniter library - http://lncn.eu/fmy5
Follows the query builder (active record) database library
Version 2.0 almost finished

58. CodeIgniter and Mongo
$this->mongo_db
->select(array(‘name’, ‘age’))
->where_lte(‘age’, 25)
->where_in(‘interests’, array(‘PHP,
‘MongoDB’))
->get(‘people’);

59. CodeIgniter Library v2.0
Multiple database support
Epic code clean up
Remove CodeIgniter-only functions so can be used in other
frameworks or vanilla PHP
Supports new MongoDB 2.0+ features

60. Where can I find out more?
mongodb.com
groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
irc://irc.freenode.net/#mongodb
blog.boxedice.com
cookbook.mongodb.com
10gen.com/events

61. Thanks