Java can be used to build desktop applications and is well-suited for this purpose for several reasons. It is a general-purpose, platform-independent language that is widely used for both desktop and internet applications. The Java Standard Edition contains capabilities for developing desktop and server software, while the Java Enterprise Edition is focused on large distributed systems and web applications. Key Java concepts for building desktop apps include packages, classes, objects, and methods. Developers must install the JDK, create packages and classes, compile, and run their code to build a desktop application with Java.