The document provides an overview of Java and programming languages, detailing the evolution from assembly language to Java since its inception in 1995. It describes Java as an object-oriented language, emphasizing its platform independence and the structure of Java programs that consist of classes and objects. Additionally, it outlines the five phases of Java program development and references the tools included in the Java Development Kit (JDK).

1. Introduction to Java
Introduction to Computers and Computer
Programming

2. • Computer Program:
• Computer Programming Process:
• Programming Languages:
1.Assembly Language
2.A high-level language
History of Programming Languages:
Assembler, Compiler, Linker, Loader, Interpreter:
Computer Components:

3. History of Programming Languages: (only major languages are listed)
• 1951 - Assembly Language
• 1954 - FORTRAN
• 1958 - LISP
• 1958 - ALGOL
• 1959 - COBOL
• 1964 - BASIC
• 1964 - PL/I
• 1970 - Pascal
• 1972 - C
• 1978 - SQL (query language)
• 1980 - C++
• 1984 - MATLAB
• 1990 - Python
• 1993 - R
• 1995 - Java
• 1995 - PHP
• 2002 - Scratch

4. History and Structure of Java
• Java is an object-oriented programming language. Java
was developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun
Microsystems in the early 1990s.
• It was developed to provide a platformindependent
programming language.
• The first public implementation was Java 1.0 in 1995.
• It made the promise of "Write Once, Run Anywhere", with
free runtimes on popular platforms.

5. Structure of Java:
• Java programs consists of pieces called classes.
• Objects are instances of classes. From the same class,
many objects can be created. An objectoriented program
may contain many objects from various classes.
• Classes contain attributes and methods.
• Attributes contain data of object. Methods perform actions
related with objects.

6. • Java has rich collections of existing classes in the Java
Class Libraries which are also known as the Java API's
(Application Programming Interfaces).
• To write Java programs, one has to learn:
• a) the Java language itself (the syntax, the constructs),
• b) the classes in the Java Class Libraries,
• c) to write new classes.

7. Java programs go through five phases:
1. Edit: create Java program using an editor and store on disk in a file ending
with .java.
2. Compile: bytecodes are created and stored on disk in a file ending with .class.
3. Load: bytecodes are taken from the disk and stored in the memory.
4. Verify: check that all bytecodes are valid, and ensure that the bytecode does
not violate Java's security restrictions.
5. Execute: JRE (Java Runtime Engine) reads bytecodes, translates them into
instructions that the computer can understand and runs these machine
instructions.

8. • The Java Development Kit (JDK)
1.Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
2.An interpreter/loader(java)
3.A compiler (javac)
4.An archiver (jar)
5.A documentation generator (javadoc) and other tools needed in Java
development
• JDK can be downloaded from
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.