2. Why do I need to reference properly?
Evidence – back up your opinions
To avoid plagiarism – say when something
is someone’s work or idea
To enable follow-up
MARKS!
3. How to avoid plagiarism
Use other people’s work to provide evidence for
your own but
Summarise it in your own words and acknowledge it
(Giddins, 2007)
Or use quotation marks for their words and
acknowledge it (but only use quotations very rarely)
4. How do I reference?
Part 1: Citing in your assignment
surname (not initials) or name of organisation
and year of publication (Author-Date)
the Dutch people, on average, are the tallest in
the world (Leroi, 2004) …..
according to the Department of Health (2002)
…….
Smith’s research (2002) shows that…….
5. Quotations
“The personal is political” (Hanisch, 1969, p.204)
But keep direct quotations to an absolute minimum.
Useful when the words are famous, significant or
very apt.
Too many quotes will show you haven’t done the
necessary thinking for yourself
6. How do I reference?
Part 2: the reference list
At the end of your work
Full details of the sources you have used
In alphabetical order by author’s surname.
All the authors’ names are given
Not included in word count
Not a bibliography
7. What’s a bibliography
A bibliography is a list of everything you read,
whether or not you referred specifically to it (cited it)
in your assignment.
References are the full details of the sources you
have referred to (cited) in your assignment
9. Example
McCulloch (2000) states that in clinical areas plastic aprons will
be sufficient protection from contamination of uniforms in most
circumstances even where there is a heavy risk. According to
Hartley (2005), nurses seen wearing uniforms in public have been
criticised for carrying contamination out into the community,
despite there being no evidence linking infection risk to nurses
wearing uniforms to and from work.
This public perception has led to some trusts banning nurses
wearing their uniforms in commercial premises on their way to
and from work. Recent guidelines state that acute health settings
must provide adequate changing and laundering facilities for staff
(Royal College of Nursing, 2005).
10. How do I reference a book?
Authors surname then Initials not first names
Year of publication
Underline name of book
Where was it published
Name of publisher
McCulloch, J. (2001) Infection control: science,
management and practice. London: Whurr
11. Write a reference for this book
An illustrated guide to infection control published in
2011. It is be Kathleen Motacki. It was published in
New York. The publisher was Springer.
Author (year) Title of book. publication: Publisher
12. …and this one
Infection control in clinical practice by Jennie Wilson ;
foreword by Elizabeth A. Jenner Published by
Bailliáere Tindall, who are based in Edinburgh. The
book was published in 2006.
13. How did you do?
Motacki, K. (2011) An illustrated guide to infection
control New York: Springer.
Wilson, J. (2006) Infection control in clinical practice.
Edinburgh: Bailliáere Tindall
14. Try it from the catalogue record
http://tinyurl.com/3qf6d6z
15. Is yours the same?
Tilmouth, T. (2009) Safe and clean care infection
prevention and control for health and social care
students. Exeter: Reflect Press
16. How do I reference an article?
Author(s) surname and initials (list all)
Year of published
Title of article
Title of journal – underlined
Volume number
Issue number
Page numbers
Details are usually given at the top or bottom of each page but do
check when you print out or photocopy.
Hartley, J. (2005) Time for change. Nursing Times, 101
(13), pp. 22-23
17. Try this one:
An article published in the British Journal of Nursing
written by Christine Perry in 1998 called Three major
issues in infection control. It was published on page
946 in volume 7, issue number 16
Author(s) (year) Title of article. Title of Journal. Volume
number (issue number) page number(s) p.
18. How did you do?
Perry, C. (1998) Three major issues in infection
control. British Journal of Nursing. 7(16) p.946 - 952
20. Is yours the same?
Bissett, L. (2010) MRSA: minimize the spread. British
Journal of Healthcare Assistants. 4 (1) p. 6
21. How do I reference websites?
You still need Author-Date
Underline title of webpage (not URL)
Put [online], URL (web address) and date you saw
the page
If you can’t identify the author, cite the title –
but be careful
Royal College of Nursing (2005) Guidance on uniforms
and clothing worn in the delivery of patient care [online].
London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from:
http://www.rcn.org.uk/resources/mrsa/downloads/Wipe_
it_out-Guidance_on_uniforms.pdf
[Accessed 29 January 2007]
22. Try this webpage
Website at http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/Basics.html
Named - Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings Written
and published by Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in Atlanta. Page last updated: May 19, 2011.
Page accessed today
Author (Year) Title of webpage. [online]. Place of
publication: Publisher. Available from full url [accessed
todays date]
23. Check yours against:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011)
Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings [online] Atlanta:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available
from http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/Basics.html
[accessed 11th October 2011]
24. The reference list
Hartley, J. (2005) Time for change. Nursing Times ,101
(13), pp. 22-23
McCulloch, J. (2000) Infection control: science,
management and practice. London: Whurr
Royal College of Nursing (2005) Guidance on uniforms
and clothing worn in the delivery of patient care [online].
London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from:
http://www.rcn.org.uk/resources/mrsa/downloads/Wipe_
it_out-Guidance_on_uniforms.pdf [Accessed 29
January 2007]
25. Key points
Remember it’s the Author-Date style. You need to
identify and credit the author.
It’s only a habit – get it right as soon as possible
When making notes and copies, write on all the
details you’ll need for your reference
26. HELP!
Referencing guide – online or print
Endnote workshops
Library information desk
See: School of Health Studies Harvard
Referencing Guide
Coming soon in Blackboard – Plagiarism Avoidance
for New Students
