The document discusses the structure and functions of insect antennae. It notes that antennae are borne from the second head segment and function primarily for sensory perception. The main parts of antennae are the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Antennae allow insects to detect smells, sounds, humidity, mates, food, and danger. Their shape varies between insect orders and can be filiform, setaceous, moniliform, capitate, clavate, lamellate, serrate, pectinate, geniculate, bipectinate, aristate, or stylate depending on the insect. Antennae play important sensory roles in insect behavior and survival.

1. Snehal Arun Mane
Dept. of Entomology

2. 
The adult insect possess a pair of
antennae

It bears from the 2 nd segment of
head

Antennae function almost exclusively
in sensory perception.

Antennae are articulated with in front
between the compound eyes

3. Antennal
suture
Antennifer
Pedicel
Scape
Flagellum
Antennal
socket
Antennal
sclerite
Structure of Antenna

4.  Scape
 Pedicel
 Flagellum

5. 
It is first segment or basal or
proximal segment of antennae are
articulate to the head capsule.

It is often conspicuously longer than
the other segments.

6. 
It is second segment that follows scape.

Specialised sensory organ known as
Johnson’s organ situated on pedicel with
insect can hear the sound.

In honey bee, wasps pedicel forms the
pivot between scape and flagellum.

7. 
It is third division formed by a single
or many segments

Flagellum is further divided into three
parts,
 Ring joints: It is basal segment of
flagellum are small and ring like form.
 Club: It is swollen or enlarged distal
segments of the antenna.
 Funicle: segments between ring joints
and club.

8.  Antennae function almost exclusively in
sensory perception.
 To serve as secondary sexual characters in
male Lepidoptera and male mosquito.
 To find it’s way.
 To detect the danger.
 To find the food.
 To find the opposite sex.
 To communicate with each other e.g. Ants.

9.  It bear olfactory organs ( smell) e.g.
Housefly
 It bears chordotonal organs (sound
hearing) e.g. Male Mosquito.
 To detect humidity
 To hold the opposite sex at the time
of mating.
 To catch the prey e.g. Mantids.

10.  Antennae are modified according to
functions

11.  Filiform antennae have a thread-like
shape.
Examples: Ground beetles (order Coleoptera), Grasshopper (order Orthoptera).

12.  Setaceous antennae have a bristle-like
shape.
Examples: Dragonflies and damselflies (order Odonata) cockroach (Dyctioptera).

13. Dragon fly

14. 
Moniliform have a beadlike shape or necklace
Examples: Termites (order Isoptera).
Coptotermes formosanus

15.  Capitate antennae are abruptly clubbed at
the end.
Examples: Butterflies
(order Lepidoptera).
Painted beauty butterfly,
Vanessa virginiensis

16. Butterfly

17. 
Clavate antennae are gradually clubbed at
the end.
Examples: Carrion beetles
(order Coleoptera).

18.  Lamellate or clubbed antennae end in
nested plates.
Examples: Scarab beetles
(order Coleoptera).
Rose chafer,
Macrodactylus subspinosus

19. 
Serrate antennae have a saw-toothed shape.
Examples: Click beetles
(order Coleoptera).

20.  M
Prof. S.A.Patil, A.C.Kolhapur
Mango stem borer

21.  Pectinate antennae have a comb-like shape.
Examples: Fire flies
(order Coleoptera).

22.  Geniculate antennae are hinged or bent
like an elbow.
Order Hymenoptera:
Bumble bee, Bombus sp.
Order Hymenoptera:
Carpenter ant,
Camponotus sp.,

23. Ant

24.  Bipectinate antennae have a feather-like
shape.
Examples: Moths
(order Lepidoptera)

25. Plumose antennae have a feather-like shape.
Example
Order Diptera
Mosquito male Culex sp.

26. Male mosquito

27. Female Mosquito

28.  Aristate antennae are pouch-like with a
lateral bristle.
Examples: House flies
(order Diptera).
Arista
Order Diptera:
House fly, Musca domestica

29.  Stylate antennae are three segmented.
 Tip of the antennae bears long bristle is
known as style.

30. Prof. S.A.Patil, A.C.Kolhapur