This document provides an overview of basic computer and information technology concepts. It discusses how computers receive input, process data, and produce output. It defines information technology as the tools used to receive, process, store, retrieve, print, and transmit information electronically. It also outlines the key components of a computer system, including hardware like the central processing unit, memory, and physical devices; and software programs and applications. Finally, it describes the main hardware components of computers and their functions.

1. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
Duhok Polytechnic University
Information
Technology
Fundamentals
Lecture 1By: Azar Abid Salih
MSc of Computer Science
D.P.U / Administrative Technical
College
IT Dept. / First Class

2. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Outlines:
• Basic Concepts of Computer & IT
• Computer System Components
• Hardware
• Software

3. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Basic Concepts of Computers & IT
 Computer are information processing
machine used in different departments and
organizations.
 They can be connected all over the world.
 Therefore, more productivity and good
quality with less cost.
Computer :

4. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Basic Concepts of Computers & IT (Cont.)
 Receive Input (Data raw facts)
 Process it according to
predefined instructions.
 Produce Output (Information which
is meaningful data).
Input
Data
Proces
s
Output
Computers perform three main operations:

5. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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The computer system is a base which is
built in it of the Information Technology
concepts. So, what is IT?
Information Technology (IT): A set of tools
that are used to:
 Receive, Process, Store retrieve, Print
and Transmit information in an
electronic form through computers.
 These forms can be: Text, Sound,
Picture or Video.
Information Technology (IT):

6. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Computer system
Hard WareSoft Ware
Computer
Type
Syste
m unit
Applicatio
n
Prog.
Languag
e
System
SW
Type
OutputCPU Input

7. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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The components of a
Computer System are:
 Hardware: Physical components
like Screen, Cables, Keyboard,
System Box and Printer.
 Software: A set of instructions
that tells the computer what to do
and how to do it. Such as:
 Word Processing
 Graphics Programs and
 Games.

8. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Hardware components of computers
are classified into four units, are:
1. Input Devices:
This group consists of devices that allow
people to put data into the computer in a form that the
computer can use. Such as: Keyboard and Mouse.
Hardware Components of Computers
2. Output Devices:
This group consists of devices that translate the
information processed by the computer into a form
that can understand. Such as: Monitor, Printer and
Speaker.

9. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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3. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is the central electronic
chip that determines the processing power
of the computer. It the brain of computer.
Hardware Components (Cont.)
CPUs have three basic parts:
- Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit
- Cash Memory

10. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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4. System Unit:
This unit contains the
following parts:
 Motherboard or System Board.
 Memory.
 Power Supply.
 Disk Drives.
Hardware Components (Cont.)

11. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Question // Which devices are considered it both
Input / Output Units at the same time ?
 Touchscreen
 All Secondary Storage Devices.

12. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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 Hardware cannot work without Programs.
 A program is a set of sequence instructions
that tell the computer what to do.
Software Components:
 Software is a collection of programs, data
and information.

13. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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There are three kinds of software:
Computer Software
 System Software:
It is the software which used by the
computer or operates a computer system
such as operating systems:
Windows , Linux , …

14. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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 Applications Software:
It is the software used by users like:
 Word Processing (MS-Word)
 Spreadsheets (MS-Excel)
 Database (MS-Access)
 Email Programs
Computer Software (Cont.)

15. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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 Programming Languages:
A set of words, rules, syntax and
semantic used by a programmer to do a
special task.
There are many programming languages
such as:
C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, Visual C#, …
Computer Software (Cont.)

16. ‫ـؤك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫يا‬‫ـةكنيكى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ثولي‬ ‫ـويا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ك‬‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ـنية‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫الت‬ ‫ـوك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫جام‬
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Any question
?