The document discusses marriage ages across different time periods and cultures. It notes that in many places prior to the 20th century, including parts of Europe and early America, marriage at ages as young as 4-7 years old was common. The age of consent was typically puberty (12-14 years old) in these cultures. The document also discusses that in early Islamic law and culture, marriage required consent but could be arranged by parents for their daughters, though consummation did not occur until after puberty. It argues that Aisha's marriage to Muhammad at a young age was considered normal at the time.
The christian missionaries always frown at the age of Lady Aisha when she married the honorable prophet, in this presentation we prove that it was common in ancient civilizations and other religions for women to marry at an early age...
Not just Muslims, but every single human being has to answer the most fundamental question at some point in his or her lifetime:
"Why was I created? Why am I here? What am I doing in this world? Why did God create me?"
These questions are questions which each and everyone of us reflects on at some point during their life. We have some answers, which are given generally but usually these answers don't satisfy us - seeming somewhat simplistic. So, we still wonder: "Why me? Why here?". I know all of you (Muslims), are saying, "To worship Allah, khallas (finish). What more is there to say? Why do we need to have a big long talk on why we were created when we all know it is to worship Allah?!"
But wait. If this is presented to a non-Muslim, the next logical question would be, "Why does Allah want us to worship Him?" Then your stuck, which can only mean that in our own minds it is not really clear. Why did Allah create us to worship Him?
This is mobile version of Profile MRM if you were to view it on your mobile devices. If you would like to print it, we have a print ready version upon request. Do email us at malaysia.reverted.muslim@gmail.com or contact us at 0176479978 (Bro Firdaus Wong)...
Qingzhen Shiyi is an Islamic theology work in Chinese language authored by an eighteenth century Chinese Muslim scholar known as Jin Tianzhu. The main reason for writing this book was twofold: (2) removing suspicion from the then Chinese government officials’ minds that Muslms’ behavior was against the Chinese culture and practices, and (2) letting Chinese Muslims know the original
teachings of Islam concerning their daily lives. This work appears to be theological cum jurisprudence because the author has discussed Islamic practices from these two angles. His arguments are to some extent apologetic because to justify the efficacy of Islamic rites and rituals the author has brought the views of Confucius. He has also been logical to explain why certain Muslim practices were highly appreciable. This paper aims at introducing that Chinese Muslim scholar and his work Qingzhen Shiyi, focusing mainly on Tianzhu’s theological views on God,
reward and punishment etc. and legal views on lawful and unlawful, celebration of Eid festival, charity work, wearing skullcap, ritual bath etc.
The christian missionaries always frown at the age of Lady Aisha when she married the honorable prophet, in this presentation we prove that it was common in ancient civilizations and other religions for women to marry at an early age...
Not just Muslims, but every single human being has to answer the most fundamental question at some point in his or her lifetime:
"Why was I created? Why am I here? What am I doing in this world? Why did God create me?"
These questions are questions which each and everyone of us reflects on at some point during their life. We have some answers, which are given generally but usually these answers don't satisfy us - seeming somewhat simplistic. So, we still wonder: "Why me? Why here?". I know all of you (Muslims), are saying, "To worship Allah, khallas (finish). What more is there to say? Why do we need to have a big long talk on why we were created when we all know it is to worship Allah?!"
But wait. If this is presented to a non-Muslim, the next logical question would be, "Why does Allah want us to worship Him?" Then your stuck, which can only mean that in our own minds it is not really clear. Why did Allah create us to worship Him?
This is mobile version of Profile MRM if you were to view it on your mobile devices. If you would like to print it, we have a print ready version upon request. Do email us at malaysia.reverted.muslim@gmail.com or contact us at 0176479978 (Bro Firdaus Wong)...
Qingzhen Shiyi is an Islamic theology work in Chinese language authored by an eighteenth century Chinese Muslim scholar known as Jin Tianzhu. The main reason for writing this book was twofold: (2) removing suspicion from the then Chinese government officials’ minds that Muslms’ behavior was against the Chinese culture and practices, and (2) letting Chinese Muslims know the original
teachings of Islam concerning their daily lives. This work appears to be theological cum jurisprudence because the author has discussed Islamic practices from these two angles. His arguments are to some extent apologetic because to justify the efficacy of Islamic rites and rituals the author has brought the views of Confucius. He has also been logical to explain why certain Muslim practices were highly appreciable. This paper aims at introducing that Chinese Muslim scholar and his work Qingzhen Shiyi, focusing mainly on Tianzhu’s theological views on God,
reward and punishment etc. and legal views on lawful and unlawful, celebration of Eid festival, charity work, wearing skullcap, ritual bath etc.
Since 2007, NAFCU, NAFCU Services Corporation and Burns-Fazzi, Brock have co-sponsored a survey of federal credit union CEOs and senior executives to assess compensation and benefits. In this 2011 NAFCU Annual Conference presentation you get a sneak peak at this year’s initial findings, and see how you stack up against other federal credit unions in your region.
Presented by Jack Clark, PhD, Principal, Clark and Chase Research
For a video of this session and more information visit http://www.nafcu.org/bfb
Differentiation Strategies through Self-service Retail Delivery Options (Cred...NAFCU Services Corporation
Tomorrow is a consumer-to-business world, where we put the consumer in the center and respond to their preferences and presence. Credit unions that are proactive in defining how their members receive superior service through a converged channel experience will generate greater loyalty. In this 2011 NAFCU Annual Conference session you find out how tomorrow’s member will expect to communicate with your credit union and what the future of the retail delivery industry holds.
Presented by Timothy Fikse, Marketing & Deployment Manager, NCR Corporation
More info at http://www.nafcu.org/ncr
Many older people have equity tied up in their homes that could be used to provide them with a greater income in later life and improve their standard of living. Traditionally, the ways to unlock the equity in people’s homes have been through downsizing, equity release lifetime loans or home reversion plans. However, not everyone is in a position to downsize, there are pros and cons to each approach, and all have associated costs.
The Equity Bank would provide a new way for people to unlock the equity in their home. It would be a state agency which provides people with a low cost fixed lifetime income in exchange for a fixed share of the equity in their home. The Equity Bank would take a charge on the person’s home and recover the value of the equity from the person’s estate after their death.
The event was chaired by Baroness Sally Greengross, Chief Executive of the ILC-UK. Nick Kirwan, Director of the ILC-UK Care Funding Advice Network, opened the discussion. Professor Les Mayhew of Cass Business School and co-author of the paper 'The UK Equity Bank - Towards income security in old age' then presented the concept, after which Paul Burstow MP responded. There was then time for questions and a general discussion.
Since 2007, NAFCU, NAFCU Services Corporation and Burns-Fazzi, Brock have co-sponsored a survey of federal credit union CEOs and senior executives to assess compensation and benefits. In this 2011 NAFCU Annual Conference presentation you get a sneak peak at this year’s initial findings, and see how you stack up against other federal credit unions in your region.
Presented by Jack Clark, PhD, Principal, Clark and Chase Research
For a video of this session and more information visit http://www.nafcu.org/bfb
Differentiation Strategies through Self-service Retail Delivery Options (Cred...NAFCU Services Corporation
Tomorrow is a consumer-to-business world, where we put the consumer in the center and respond to their preferences and presence. Credit unions that are proactive in defining how their members receive superior service through a converged channel experience will generate greater loyalty. In this 2011 NAFCU Annual Conference session you find out how tomorrow’s member will expect to communicate with your credit union and what the future of the retail delivery industry holds.
Presented by Timothy Fikse, Marketing & Deployment Manager, NCR Corporation
More info at http://www.nafcu.org/ncr
Many older people have equity tied up in their homes that could be used to provide them with a greater income in later life and improve their standard of living. Traditionally, the ways to unlock the equity in people’s homes have been through downsizing, equity release lifetime loans or home reversion plans. However, not everyone is in a position to downsize, there are pros and cons to each approach, and all have associated costs.
The Equity Bank would provide a new way for people to unlock the equity in their home. It would be a state agency which provides people with a low cost fixed lifetime income in exchange for a fixed share of the equity in their home. The Equity Bank would take a charge on the person’s home and recover the value of the equity from the person’s estate after their death.
The event was chaired by Baroness Sally Greengross, Chief Executive of the ILC-UK. Nick Kirwan, Director of the ILC-UK Care Funding Advice Network, opened the discussion. Professor Les Mayhew of Cass Business School and co-author of the paper 'The UK Equity Bank - Towards income security in old age' then presented the concept, after which Paul Burstow MP responded. There was then time for questions and a general discussion.
This Powerpoint Presentation was made for our subject Anthropology and I give credits to the sources that I've used in this presentation. I hope this will help you to understand When, Where, Why and How does Third Sex exist in our society.
Two of the many outstanding benefits of estate planning are that estate planning allows you to have control, and estate planning provides protection. By planning, you can control who gets your assets, you can control how much each person gets and you can control who gets nothing.
Historically, there have been three generalapproaches to choos.docxpooleavelina
Historically, there have been three generalapproaches to choosing one’s mate: marriage
by capture, marriage by arrangement, and free-
choice mate selection. I examine each of them in
turn.
MARRIAGE BY CAPTURE
Although it has probably never been the usual
method of obtaining a wife, men have taken women
by force in many times and places. This typically
occurred in patriarchal societies in which women
were often considered property. Often women were
seized as part of the spoils of war, and other
times a specific woman was forced into mar-
riage because the man wanted her and could
not afford the brideprice or obtain the permission
of her parents. The capture and marriage of a
woman was legal in England until the reign of
Henry VII, who made it a crime to abduct an heiress
(Fielding, 1942).
The ancient Hebrews would seize wives under
certain circumstances. A dramatic example is
recounted in the Old Testament (Judges, Chapter
21), where it was arranged for young women to be
kidnapped from two different areas to serve as
wives so that the tribe of Benjamin would not die
out after a war that they had lost.
There was also a formal procedure for dealing
with wives captured in warfare:
When thou goest forth to war against
thine enemies, and the Lord thy God hath
delivered them into thine hands, and
thou hast taken them captive; And
seest among the captivesa beautiful
woman, and hast a desire unto her, that
thou wouldest have her to thy wife; Then
thou shalt bring her home to thine house;
and she shall shave her head, and pare her
nails; And she shall put the raiment of her
captivity from off her, and shall remain in
thine house, and bewail her father and her
mother a full month: and after that thou
shalt go in unto her, and be her husband,
and she shall be thy wife. And it shall be,
if thou have no delight in her, then thou
shalt let her go whether she will; but thou
shalt not sell her at all for money, thou
shalt not make merchandise of her,
because thou hast humbled her.
(Deuteronomy 21:10–14)
At least she was given time to get used to the
idea and never sold into slavery! Fielding (1942)
cites a number of different cultures, including the
Australian aborigines, who frequently resorted to
marriage by capture in the recent past. The
Yanomama of Venezuela (an Amazonian tribe) are
reported (Peters, 1987) to use capture as one of their
mate selection options. One village is often raided
by another for the specific purpose of finding wives.
If a man captures a young, attractive female, he
must be careful as other men from his own village
will try to steal her from him.
In the popular musical Seven Brides for Seven
Brothers, the concept of marriage by capture is
acted out, and one of the songs is based on the his-
torical incident of the rape of the Sabine women.
There are many cultures that still have remnants of
the old practice of marriage by capture in their wed-
ding ceremonies. In each of them, the match is pre-
arranged, but the husband pre ...
The concept of Marriage under Private International Lawcarolineelias239
Marriage is a broad concept under Private international law. Many new rules had been laid down in various decisions, which had developed the international matrimonial law. The relevancy of monogamous or polygamous marriages. And the validity matters like formal validity and essential validity is also discussed here
Similar to How young is too young for marriage (20)
Tawheed, the oneness of God, is the core of Islamic faith. mankind created as the vicegerent of God is assigned the duty of implementing this concept on earth in every walk of life since the day of the first man, Adam.
Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, a devoted Dai'e who graduated from University of Madinah wrote a numbers of books on Islam in English. In this books, he discusses the issues of tawheed in an easy to understand language and style. It caters to the needs of all, especially the general readers
Da'wah, as we know, is an obligation upon every Muslim man and woman. The Holy Qur'an tells us Da'wah is the most favorite act loved by Allah (swt). It is the practice of His Prophets (Peace be upon them), the chosen servants of Allah who struggled in order to convey Allah's message to people despite afflictions, and hardships. While doing so, they were humiliated, insulted and abused. But they demonstrated patience and steadfastness. Whenever they faced hostile reaction from their people, they followed Divine Methodology in their Da'wah effort and repelled the evil in the best possible manner. They showed highest moral character.
At- Tauhid (The Oneness of Allah)
Allah the Almighty said:
"And I (Allah) created not the Jinns and men except they should worship Me (Alone)."
(51:56)
And He stated:
"And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger
(proclaiming): 'Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taghut (all false deities
etc. i.e. do not worship Taghut besides Allah).' "
(16:36)
And He said:
“And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful
to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them
a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them in terms of honour. And lower
unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy, and say: 'My Lord! Bestow on
them Your Mercy as they did bring me up when I was small.' "
(17:23, 24)
And He said:
"Worship Allah and join none with Him in worship."
(4:36)
And He said:
"Say (O Muhammad May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him ): Come, I will recite
what your Lord has prohibited you from: Join not anything in worship with Him; be good and
dutiful to your parents; kill not your children because of poverty -We provide sustenance for you
and for them; come not near to shameful sins (illegal sexual intercourse, etc.) whether committed
openly or secretly, and kill not anyone whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause
(according to Islamic law), This He has commanded you that you may understand. And come not
near to the orphan's property, except to improve it, until he (or she) attains the age of full
strength; and give full measure and full weight with justice. We burden not any person, but that
which he can bear. And whenever you give your word (i.e. judge between men or give evidence,
etc.), say the truth even if a near relative is concerned, and fulfill the Covenant of Allah. This He
commands you, that you may' remember. And verily, this is My Straight Path, so follow it, and
follow not (other) paths, for they will separate you away from His Path. This He has ordained for
you that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious)."
1. How Young is Too Young For Marriage?
Europe had 4 yr olds married to 7 yrs
4 years? - 9years? - 7years? babies too?
NOTE: We want your COMMENTS at the end of this important article.
Let's make a difference - Speak up & Speak out inshallah.
Until the year 2008 C.E. (Common Era, anyone under 18 years old could get married
in the state of Arkansas with parental consent. That's right, even babies could get
married as long as their parents agreed. The original law was meant to allow pregnant
teenagers to get married if their parents approved, but later embarrased law makers made
it 17 for boys and 16 for girls.
And that is just the beginning!
Read more . . (then post it on FACEBOOK) Let's take it VIRAL
Weird Marriage Laws
Obscure Marriage Laws in Europe & U.S.
Marriage in Olde Europe & early America was only 4 years to 7 years (common was 9 years
to 12 years). Keep reading this whole article - then at the end we'll give you the REAL
PROOF about Ayesha's age at marriage to prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him: Islam is
the truth!
Now read, if you will, important information from historical records and documents about
marriages of different ages in Rome, Europe and America over the last 2,000 years.
2. In this article we discover that even in our ancestors here in America the age of consent was
much different than what we have today. -- Read:
AGE OF CONSENT FOR MARRIAGE IN WESTERN HISTORY
For the Last 2,000 years
1 C.E. -- 12 years to 14 years (Augustus Ceasor) Traditionally the age at which
individuals could come together in a sexual union was something either for the family to
decide or a matter of tribal custom.
Probably in most cases this coincided with the onset of MENARCHE in girls and the
appearance of pubic hair in boys, that is, between twelve (12yrs) and fourteen (14yrs),
but the boundaries remained fluid.
In Republican Rome, marriage and the age of consent were initially private matters
between the families involved. Not until the time of Augustus in the first century C.E.
did the state begin to intervene. Marriage then legally became a two-step process, a
betrothal which involved an enforceable agreement between the heads of two households,
and then marriage itself.
Women who were not yet of age could be betrothed with the consent of their fathers, but
the woman herself had to consent to marriage. (Editor: This was still true in the 600's in
Arabia; fathers could contract a marriage for their immature daughters of any age - even
without their consent. However, when Islam came, girls had to be old enough for
marriage [past puberty] and accept the proposal).
400-700 C.E. -- Puberty age! The Roman tradition influenced peoples and cultures
with whom it had come in contact. In the Islamic tradition following Muhammad, an
offer of marriage by the parents could take place earlier than PUBERTY, but the
marriage was not to be consummated until the girl accepted the marriage proposal, had
reached the age of menstruation and was old enough to comprehend and understand the
concept of marriage and wanted to be married to the one her parents had chosen.
1100-1300 C.E. -- 12 to 14 years- In medieval Europe, Gratian, the influential founder
of Canon law in the twelfth century, accepted the traditional age of puberty for marriage
(between 12 and 14) but he also said consent was "meaningful" if the children were older
than seven. Some authorities saidconsent could take place even earlier.
Such a marriage would be permanent as long as neither party sought annulment before
reaching puberty (12 for girls and 14 for boys) or if they had already consummated the
marriage. Even if the husband had technically raped his wife before she reached puberty,
the marriage was regarded as consummated. It was this policy which was carried over
into English common law, and although consent was necessary, force and influence or
persuasion seemed to have been permissible elements. Similarly Gratian's ideas about
age became part of European civil law.
1200's C.E. -- When historian Magnus Hirschfeld surveyed the age of consent of some
fifty countries (mostly in Europe and the Americas) at the beginning of the twentieth
century, the age of consent was twelve (12yrs) in fifteen countries, thirteen (13yrs) in
seven, fourteen (14yrs) in five, fifteen (15yrs) in four, and sixteen (16yrs) in five.
In the remaining countries it remained unclear.
3. 1500 C.E. -- The age of consent in both English and continental law seemed to be
particularly elastic when property was involved or family alliances were at stake. For
example in 1564, a three (3) year old named John was married to atwo (2) year
old named Jane in the Bishop's Court in Chester, England. Though Shakespeare set
his Romeo and Juliet in Verona, the fact that Juliet was thirteen (13) probably reflects
the reality in England. Her mother, who was twenty-six (26), calls her almost an old
maid. [EDITOR'S NOTE: That means her mother conceived her when she was
herself only 12 and was probably married at age 11yrs.]
1500 - 1600's C.E. -- 6 yrs to 7 yrs Or even 2 yrs & 3 yrs. in U.K. The only reliable
data on age at marriage in England in the early modern period comes from Inquisitions
Post Mortem (after death) which involved only those who died and left property. It
appears that the more complete the records, the more likely it is to discover young
marriages. Judges honored marriages based on mutual consent at age younger than
seven (7), in spite of what Gratian had said, and there are recorded marriages of two (2)
and (3) three year olds. The seventeenth-century lawyer Henry Swinburne distinguished
between the marriages of thoseunder seven (7) and those between seven (7) years and
puberty. He wrote that those under seven (7) who had said their vows had to ratify it
afterwards by giving kisses and embraces, by laying together, by exchanging gifts or
tokens, or (just) by calling each other husband or wife.
1500's C.E. -- BABIES in Diapers! A contemporary, Philip Stubbes, wrote that in
sixteenth-century East Anglia, infants still in swaddling clothes (diapers) were married.
1600's C.E. -- 4 yrs. & 9 yrs. -- The most influential legal text of the seventeenth
century in England, that of Sir Edward Coke, made it clear that the marriage of
girls under twelve (12) was normal, and the age at which a girl who was a wife was
eligible for a dower from her husband's estate was nine (9 years old) even though her
husband be only four (4) years old.
1600 C.E. -- The American colonies followed the English tradition but the law could at
best be called a guide. For example in Virginia in 1689, Mary Hathaway was only nine
(9 years) when she was married to William Williams. We know of her case only because
two years later she sued for divorce, and was released from the covenant she had made
because the marriage had not been consummated. Interestingly, historian Holly Brewer,
who discovered the case, speculated that if William had raped Mary, she probably would
not have been given the divorce.
1700-1800 C.E. -- 14 year old WIDOW? -- Unrecorded are marriages without parental
consent and private weddings and the quality of data varies from region to region. For
example in the parish of Middlesex County, Virginia, there is a record of fourteen (14)
year-old Sarah Halfhide marrying twenty one (21) year-old Richard Perrot. Only in the
last sentence of the register does it indicate that she was a widow. Did the compiler read
that far?We simply do not know what her age at first marriage was, or even if it had been
consummated.
Of the ninety-eight girls on the ten-year register, three probably married at age eight (8
years), one at twelve (12 years), one at thirteen (13 years), and two at fourteen (14 years).
4. 1900-2000 C.E. -- 9 years old -- Historians in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
have sometimes been reluctant to accept data regarding young ages of marriage, holding
instead that the recorded age was a misreading by a later copier of the records. Natalie
Davis, whose book The Return of Martin Guerrebecame a movie, made her heroine,
Bertrande, much older than the nine old girl she was when she married her missing
husband.
1800's C.E. -- 13 years old -- In the nineteenth century France issued the Napoleonic
Code and many other countries, following France's example, began revising their laws.
The Napoleonic Code, however, had not changed the age of consent and remained
THIRTEEN (13yrs).
1800's C.E. U.S.A. -- Babies to 10 years? In England and the United States, feminist
agitation in the late nineteenth century called attention to the young age (babies to pre-
puberty) of consent and called for changes in the law. By the 1920s the age of consent, a
state issue in the United States, was raised in every state and ranged from
fourteen (14yrs) to eighteen (18yrs), with most states settling on sixteen (16yrs) or
eighteen (18yrs).
2000 A.D. -- 14 years to 16 years -- In the last part of the twentieth century the U.S.
public once again took note of age of consent issues. Although sometimes it is not
possible to identify a single age of consent since the statutory age varies with the age of
the defendant and with the particular sexual activity, in the United States as of 2000 the
age at which a person may engage in any sexual conduct permitted to adults within a
particular state ranges between fourteen(14 years) to eighteen (18 years) [without
marriage]. In the vast majority of states the age is either fifteen (15yrs) or
sixteen (16yrs).
2000 A.D. to Date -- Under 18 years -- Most states set the minimum age for marriage
without parental approval at eighteen (18yrs), and there are elaborate provisions
governing which parent must give consent and who qualifies as a custodial parent or
guardian when marriage under eighteen (17 & less) takes place.
NOW - TODAY in U.S.A.: -- BEFORE PUBERTY? -- There are still contradictions as
to the age of consent for marriage from state to state. Some states allow a minor to marry
with parental permission (EVEN) at an age(BEFORE) the minor engaged is old enough
for sexual activity. While other states allow a minor to engage in sexual activity years
before he or she can get married EVEN without the parents approval.
So, why the arguement over age of consent between scholars? The problem is in the
research. It is far more variable than a summary of the law seems to imply. Peter Laslett,
for example, used available statistics to argue marriage and child bearing in the late teens
was not common in England and marriage at twelve(12yrs) was virtually
unknown. (Legal documents, records and sworn testamonies indicate otherwise)
The problem is that his statistics might well be skewed because in England only a small
portion of marriages were registered, and even on these registrations it is difficult to tell
if they recorded first or second or later marriages.
5. A second marriage by a man in his late fifties or a woman in her early thirties skews the
data. Not all marriage records even bother to record the participants' age.
* (Emphasis added by editor)
Where did we get this? Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and
Society :: A-Ar
Now the proof about 'Age of Consent' in Islam & Ayesha's marriage to the prophet, peace be
upon him:
623 C.E. (10 A.H. after hijrah) -- Must be old enough and mature enough for marriage and
child bearing. Ages of marriage in Islam can be simply understood to be, the lawful, mutual
consent of physically mature adults to engaging in intimate sexual activity with expectation
of producing children.
But before we go into the "Age of Consent" for marriage, we would like to mention
something about marriage in Islam in general and about the age of Ayesha, wife of prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon him.
First, Islam does not allow marriage to underaged children. (Reference: Quran, chapter 4,
verse 2 and verse 19).
Second, Islam does not permit forced marriages for anyone (Reference: Quran, chapter 2,
verse 256, & Surah An-Nisaa' chapter 4, verse 19).
Refer to www.Qtafsir.com ibn Kathir tafsir, surah An-Nisaa:
19. O you who believe! Do not inherit women against their will, nor prevent them from
marriage in order to get part of (the dowry) what you have given them, unless they
commit open Fahishah. And live with them honorably. If you dislike them, it may be that
you dislike a thing and Allah brings through it a great deal of good.
20. But if you intend to replace a wife by another and you have given one of them a
Qintar, take not the least bit of it back; would you take it wrongfully without a right and
(with) a manifest sin.
21. And how could you take it (back) while you have gone in unto each other, and they
have taken from you a firm and strong covenant
22. And marry not women whom your fathers married, except what has already passed;
indeed it was shameful and Maqtan, and an evil way.
Third, All marriages must be by mutual consent, and must be to adults of opposite sex.
Fourth, Legal marriages must be written contract with witnesses (even back 1,400 years ago)
Fifth, A dowry must be given by men to women and women.
Sixth, Marriage proposals can be offered by parents on behalf of their children, or through
second parties selected by individuals, or can be made directly by individuals. But, there is
nothing binding without full acceptance of both people.
6. Additionally, there can be no coercion nor force nor intimidation to obtain compliance in
marriage. Women must not be subjected to oppression nor deprived of their wealth in any
way.
It is a clear fact, in Islam, men must financially provide for all the needs of the woman and
family, while the woman is not obliged to give even one cent for the man or the family.
Muslims and Non-Muslims alike seem very concerned over the age of Ayesha, may Allah be
pleased with her, when she married the prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
Some authentic sources put her ages at 9 years old, while others state she was in fact, 16 and
had been engaged to be married even before her marriage to Muhammad, peace be upon him.
More important are the number of important facts involved indicating this was in fact, very
normal at their time in history both in the Arab culture and European culture as well.
One important fact is, Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, was offered in marriage to his
best friend since childhood, Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, peace be upon him. Emphasis
is on the word - "marriage". So this was a legal, binding contractual agreement; one that was
considered quite proper and acceptable to the people of this time period. Never was an
eyebrow raised or any point discussed on this issued amongst any of the companions or
enemies of Islam, for that matter.
Another most convincing fact is, Ayesha had already been engaged prior to her father
offering her in marriage to Muhammad, peace be upon him.
The single most important fact of all is what Ayesha herself says about her marriage to the
prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. She tells us in over 2,200 hadeeth (narrative
information) how much she loved him, believed in him, trusted him and followed him
throughout her whole life. Ayesha loved Muhammad, peace be upon him, with a love that
lived on after he was gone from this earth. She remembered him in her prayers day and night,
every single day until her own death.
Her goal, as is the goal of each and every one of us Muslims, was to be with prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon him, in the Next Life, in the highest level of Paradise, near to
Almighty God.
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