SlideShare a Scribd company logo
How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho

                  Wendy Couture
               Associate Professor
        University of Idaho College of Law

         Presented to the Idaho State Bar
          Business & Corporate Section
                January 11, 2012
The Dodd-Frank Act



Registration        Financial         Public
Exemptions        Professionals     Companies
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                    Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals                Companies




 Definition
                                                        SOX 404(b)           Mine
     of                        State                    Exemption           Safety
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-                                    Disclosures
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
          “Bad Actor”         Advisers     Standard of Care      Say on Pay
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                        Financial        Public
   Exemptions
                      Professionals    Companies




 Definition
     of
“Accredited
 Investor”
Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status




    Rule 505 and Rule 506
         Exemptions

• Limited to 35 non-accredited
investors

• Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2)
disclosures to non-accredited
investors

• Non-accredited investors
must qualify as knowledgeable
and sophisticated investors
Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status




    Rule 505 and Rule 506         § 4(5) [formerly § 4(6)]
         Exemptions                      Exemption

• Limited to 35 non-accredited   • Limited to accredited
investors                        investors

• Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2)
disclosures to non-accredited
investors

• Non-accredited investors
must qualify as knowledgeable
and sophisticated investors
Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status




    Rule 505 and Rule 506         § 4(5) [formerly § 4(6)]      Rule 504 Exemption
         Exemptions                      Exemption
                                                             • Prohibition on general
• Limited to 35 non-accredited   • Limited to accredited     solicitation and general
investors                        investors                   advertising lifted under
                                                             certain circumstances if
• Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2)                                sold only to accredited
disclosures to non-accredited                                investors
investors
                                                             • Restrictions on resale
• Non-accredited investors                                   lifted under certain
must qualify as knowledgeable                                circumstances if sold only
and sophisticated investors                                  to accredited investors
Old Definition of
   “Accredited Investor”

Included:

“Any natural person whose
individual net worth, or joint net
worth with that person’s spouse,
at the time of his purchase
exceeds $1,000,000.”

Rule 501(a)(5); Rule 215(e).
Fiserv Case-Shiller Home Price Data – April 8, 2010
Old Definition of                     New Definition of
   “Accredited Investor”                 “Accredited Investor”

Included:                             Dodd-Frank § 413:

“Any natural person whose             “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
individual net worth, or joint net    $1,000,000, excluding the value of
worth with that person’s              the primary residence of such
spouse, at the time of his purchase   natural person.”
exceeds $1,000,000.”

Rule 501(a)(5); Rule 215(e).
New Definition of
                                 “Accredited Investor”
What if the                 Dodd-Frank § 413:
mortgage is
underwater?                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
                            $1,000,000, excluding the value of
                            the primary residence of such
                            natural person.”




SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
New Definition of
 What if the
                                 “Accredited Investor”
 mortgage is                Dodd-Frank § 413:
 underwater?
 The amount                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
 by which the               $1,000,000, excluding the value of
 mortgage is                the primary residence of such
 underwater is              natural person.”
 included as a
 liability.




SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
New Definition of
 What if the
                                 “Accredited Investor”
 mortgage is                Dodd-Frank § 413:
 underwater?
 The amount                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
 by which the               $1,000,000, excluding the value of
 mortgage is                the primary residence of such
 underwater is              natural person.”
 included as a
 liability.


                Is there any grandfathering
                available for investors with pre-
                existing rights who, because of
                this change, are no longer
                accredited?


SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
New Definition of
 What if the
                                 “Accredited Investor”
 mortgage is                Dodd-Frank § 413:
 underwater?
 The amount                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
 by which the               $1,000,000, excluding the value of
 mortgage is                the primary residence of such
 underwater is              natural person.”
 included as a
 liability.

                Is there any grandfathering
                available for investors with pre-
                existing rights who, because of
                this change, are no longer
                accredited?
                Yes, if the investor held the right
                and other securities of the same
                issuer on July 20, 2010.
SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
New Definition of
 What if the
                                 “Accredited Investor”
 mortgage is                Dodd-Frank § 413:
 underwater?
 The amount                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be
 by which the               $1,000,000, excluding the value of   Can’t an investor
 mortgage is                the primary residence of such        just obtain a
 underwater is              natural person.”                     mortgage to
 included as a                                                   convert home
 liability.                                                      equity into assets
                                                                 that will count in
                Is there any grandfathering
                                                                 the net worth
                available for investors with pre-
                                                                 calculation?
                existing rights who, because of
                this change, are no longer
                accredited?
                Yes, if the investor held the right
                and other securities of the same
                issuer on July 20, 2010.
SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
New Definition of
 What if the
                                 “Accredited Investor”
 mortgage is                Dodd-Frank § 413:
 underwater?
 The amount                 “*A+ny net worth standard shall be   Can’t an investor
 by which the               $1,000,000, excluding the value of   just obtain a
 mortgage is                the primary residence of such        mortgage to
 underwater is              natural person.”                     convert home
 included as a                                                   equity into assets
 liability.                                                      that will count in
                                                                 the net worth
                Is there any grandfathering                      calculation?
                available for investors with pre-                Yes, but a 60-day
                existing rights who, because of                  lookback will
                this change, are no longer                       capture any
                accredited?                                      incremental
                Yes, if the investor held the right              indebtedness that
                and other securities of the same                 isn’t used to
                issuer on July 20, 2010.                         acquire the
SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.    primary residence.
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                  Financial        Public
   Exemptions
                                Professionals    Companies




 Definition
     of
“Accredited
 Investor”


          “Bad Actor”
         Disqualification
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


  Reg. A        Rule 505
Rule 262       Rule 505(b)(iii)
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                            Rule 506
  Reg. A        Rule 505          Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262       Rule 505(b)(iii)   issue rules . . . substantially
                                  similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                  262.”
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                                Rule 506
  Reg. A            Rule 505          Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262           Rule 505(b)(iii)   issue rules . . . substantially
                                      similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                      262.”
           SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                                    Rule 506
    Reg. A              Rule 505          Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262               Rule 505(b)(iii)   issue rules . . . substantially
                                          similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                          262.”
            SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211

Possibly apply a
uniform “bad actor”
rule to Reg. A, Rule
505, and Rule 506
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                                    Rule 506
    Reg. A              Rule 505          Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262               Rule 505(b)(iii)   issue rules . . . substantially
                                          similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                          262.”
            SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211

Possibly apply a       Possibly adopt
uniform “bad actor”    a uniform 10-
rule to Reg. A, Rule   year look-back
505, and Rule 506      period
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                                       Rule 506
    Reg. A              Rule 505             Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262               Rule 505(b)(iii)      issue rules . . . substantially
                                             similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                             262.”
            SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211

Possibly apply a       Possibly adopt     Explicitly include
uniform “bad actor”    a uniform 10-      “managing member”
rule to Reg. A, Rule   year look-back     of issuer as a
505, and Rule 506      period             “covered person”
“Bad Actor” Disqualification


                                                       Rule 506
    Reg. A              Rule 505             Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall
Rule 262               Rule 505(b)(iii)      issue rules . . . substantially
                                             similar to the provisions of [Rule
                                             262.”
            SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211

Possibly apply a       Possibly adopt     Explicitly include   “Reasonable
uniform “bad actor”    a uniform 10-      “managing member”    care” exception –
rule to Reg. A, Rule   year look-back     of issuer as a       would require the
505, and Rule 506      period             “covered person”     issuer to conduct
                                                               a “factual
                                                               inquiry”
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial       Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals   Companies




 Definition
     of                        State
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-
                               Sized”
                            Investment
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers
         Disqualification
Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank

SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets
Under Management
State Registration IF
• “regulated or required to be
regulated as an investment
adviser in the State in which it
maintains its principal office”
(all states except Wyoming)
Otherwise, SEC Registration.

LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets
Under Management
SEC Registration




Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011).
Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank

SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets                      MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION
Under Management                                But, if a small investment adviser
State Registration IF                           would be required to register in
• “regulated or required to be                  30+ states, it can elect to register
regulated as an investment                      with SEC instead.
adviser in the State in which it
maintains its principal office”
(all states except Wyoming)
Otherwise, SEC Registration.

LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets
Under Management
SEC Registration




Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011); SEC Rule203A-2(e) (until Sept. 19, 2011).
Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank

SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets                       MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION
Under Management                                 But, if a small investment adviser
State Registration IF                            would be required to register in
• “regulated or required to be                   30+ states, it can elect to register
regulated as an investment                       with SEC instead.
adviser in the State in which it
maintains its principal office” BUFFER
(all states except Wyoming)      But, if an investment adviser has assets
Otherwise, SEC Registration.     under management of $25,000,000-
                                 $30,000,000, it may elect to remain
LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets state-regulated.
Under Management
SEC Registration




Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011); SEC Rule203A-1(a) (until Sept. 19, 2011).
Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank
 SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management
 State Registration IF
 • “regulated or required to be regulated as an
 investment adviser in the State in which it maintains
 its principal office”
 (all states except Wyoming)
 Otherwise, SEC Registration.

 MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000 Assets Under
 Management
 State Registration IF
 • “required to be registered as an investment adviser”
 in the state where it maintains its principal office
 AND
 • “would be subject to examination as an investment
 adviser by *the State+”
 (all states except Wyoming and New York)
 Otherwise, SEC Registration.

 LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management
 SEC Registration
Investment Advisers Act § 203A; SEC Release No. IA-3221.
Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank
SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management
State Registration IF
• “regulated or required to be regulated as an           MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION
investment adviser in the State in which it maintains    But, if an investment
its principal office”                                    adviser would be
(all states except Wyoming)                              required to register in
Otherwise, SEC Registration.                             15+ states, it can elect to
                                                         register with SEC
MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000 Assets Under          instead.
Management
State Registration IF
• “required to be registered as an investment adviser”
in the state where it maintains its principal office
AND
• “would be subject to examination as an investment
adviser by *the State+”
(all states except Wyoming and New York)
Otherwise, SEC Registration.

LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management
SEC Registration
Investment Advisers Act § 203A; Rule 203A-2(d).
Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank
SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management
State Registration IF
• “regulated or required to be regulated as an                     MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION
investment adviser in the State in which it maintains              But, if an investment
its principal office”                                              adviser would be
(all states except Wyoming)                                        required to register in
Otherwise, SEC Registration.                                       15+ states, it can elect to
                                                                   register with SEC
MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000Assets Under                     instead.
Management
State Registration IF
• “required to be registered as an investment adviser”
in the state where it maintains its principal office
AND                                                      BUFFERS
• “would be subject to examination as an investment      • But, if an investment adviser has
adviser by *the State+”                                  assets under management of
(all states except Wyoming and New York)                 $90,000,000-$100,000,000, it may elect
Otherwise, SEC Registration.                             to remain SEC-regulated.
                                                         • But, if an investment adviser has
LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management             assets under management of
SEC Registration                                         $100,000,000-$110,000,000, it may
Investment Advisers Act § 203A; Rule 203A-1(a).          elect to remain state-regulated.
Investment Adviser Registration Post- Dodd-Frank
    DEADLINES FOR TRANSITION FROM SEC- TO STATE-REGULATION


                   March 30, 2012



                  ALL investment advisers
                  currently registered with
                  the SEC must file an
                  amendment to Form
                  ADV, which will identify
                  mid-sized advisers that are
                  no longer eligible for SEC
                  registration.




SEC Release No. IA-3221; SEC Rule 203A-5(b).
Investment Adviser Registration Post- Dodd-Frank
    DEADLINES FOR TRANSITION FROM SEC- TO STATE-REGULATION


                   March 30, 2012                                    June 28, 2012



                  ALL investment advisers                     Mid-sized advisers no
                  currently registered with                   longer eligible to register
                  the SEC must file an                        with the SEC must
                  amendment to Form ADV,                      withdraw by filing Form
                  which will identify mid-                    ADV-W and registering
                  sized advisers that are no                  with the applicable
                  longer eligible for SEC                     state(s).
                  registration.




SEC Release No. IA-3221; SEC         North American Securities Administrators Association (“NASAA”) –
Rule 203A-5(c).                      Investment Adviser Coordinated Review Program for SEC-registered
                                     advisers switching their registration to between 4 & 14 states
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                 Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals             Companies




 Definition
     of                        State
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers     Standard of Care
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
Standard of Care When
               Making Recommendations



Investment Advisers              Broker-Dealers
Investment Advisers

Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the
business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value
of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…”
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).
Investment Advisers

Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the
business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value
of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…”
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).


Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any
transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any
client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2).
Investment Advisers

Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the
business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value
of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…”
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).


Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any
transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any
client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2).


Fiduciary Duty - “The *+ Act *+ thus reflect a congressional recognition of the delicate
fiduciary nature of an investment advisory relationship . . .” SEC v. Capital Gains Research
Bureau, 375 U.S. 180 (1963).
Investment Advisers

Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the
business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value
of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…”
Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).


Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any
means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any
transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any
client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2).


Fiduciary Duty - “The *+ Act *+ thus reflect a congressional recognition of the delicate
fiduciary nature of an investment advisory relationship . . .” SEC v. Capital Gains Research
Bureau, 375 U.S. 180 (1963).


                   Investment advisers have a fiduciary duty to act in the best
                                   interests of their clients.
Broker-Dealers

Definition - “The term ‘broker’            Definition - The term “dealer” means any
means any person engaged in the            person engaged in the business of buying
business of effecting transactions in      and selling securities for such person's own
securities for the account of others.”     account through a broker or otherwise.
Exchange Act § 3(a)(4).                    Exchange Act § 3(a)(5).
Broker-Dealers

Definition - “The term ‘broker’            Definition - The term “dealer” means any
means any person engaged in the            person engaged in the business of buying
business of effecting transactions in      and selling securities for such person's own
securities for the account of others.”     account through a broker or otherwise.
Exchange Act § 3(a)(4).                    Exchange Act § 3(a)(5).


Exclusion from Definition of
“Investment Adviser” – “any broker
or dealer whose performance of such
services is solely incidental to the
conduct of his business as a broker or
dealer and who receives no special
compensation therefor.” Investment
Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).
Broker-Dealers

Definition - “The term ‘broker’            Definition - The term “dealer” means any
means any person engaged in the            person engaged in the business of buying
business of effecting transactions in      and selling securities for such person's own
securities for the account of others.”     account through a broker or otherwise.
Exchange Act § 3(a)(4).                    Exchange Act § 3(a)(5).


Exclusion from Definition of
“Investment Adviser” – “any broker
or dealer whose performance of such
services is solely incidental to the
conduct of his business as a broker or
dealer and who receives no special
compensation therefor.” Investment
Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).


 Not subject to Investment Advisers
 Act fiduciary duty to act in the best
       interests of their clients.
Broker-Dealers

Definition - “The term ‘broker’              Definition - The term “dealer” means any
means any person engaged in the              person engaged in the business of buying
business of effecting transactions in        and selling securities for such person's own
securities for the account of others.”       account through a broker or otherwise.
Exchange Act § 3(a)(4).                      Exchange Act § 3(a)(5).


           NASD Rule 2310 Recommendations to Customers (Suitability) -
           (a) In recommending to a customer the purchase, sale or
           exchange of any security, a member shall have reasonable
           grounds for believing that the recommendation is suitable for
           such customer upon the basis of the facts, if any, disclosed by
           such customer as to his other security holdings and as to his
           financial situation and needs. . . .
           (to become FINRA Rule 2111 on July 9, 2012)
Fabrice Tourre
    Goldman, Sachs & Co.
         Employee
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X42k4ikIBKg
Broker-Dealers

Dodd-Frank Act § 913

• SEC Report
Directs the SEC to conduct a
study and issue a report re:
the obligations of
brokers, dealers, and
investment advisers when
providing personalized
investment advice and
recommendations to retail
customers

• Rules
Authorizes the SEC to
commence rulemaking to
address the legal or
regulatory standards of care
for brokers, dealers, and
investment advisers
Broker-Dealers

Dodd-Frank Act § 913                January 2011 SEC Report
                                    Recommends that the SEC establish a uniform
• SEC Report                        fiduciary standard for investment advisers and
Directs the SEC to conduct a        broker-dealers when providing investment
study and issue a report re:        advice to retail customers that is consistent
the obligations of                  with the standard that currently applies to
brokers, dealers, and               investment advisers.
investment advisers when
providing personalized
investment advice and
recommendations to retail
customers

• Rules
Authorizes the SEC to
commence rulemaking to
address the legal or
regulatory standards of care
for brokers, dealers, and
investment advisers
Broker-Dealers

Dodd-Frank Act § 913                January 2011 SEC Report
                                    Recommends that the SEC establish a uniform
• SEC Report                        fiduciary standard for investment advisers and
Directs the SEC to conduct a        broker-dealers when providing investment
study and issue a report re:        advice to retail customers that is consistent
the obligations of                  with the standard that currently applies to
brokers, dealers, and               investment advisers.
investment advisers when
providing personalized
investment advice and
recommendations to retail
customers

• Rules                                              Future?
Authorizes the SEC to
commence rulemaking to
address the legal or
regulatory standards of care
for brokers, dealers, and
investment advisers
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                    Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals                Companies




 Definition
                                                        SOX 404(b)
     of                        State                    Exemption
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers     Standard of Care
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
Sarbanes-Oxley Act §
          404

(a) All companies required to
    file annual reports must
    include a management
    assessment of internal
    control over financial
    reporting.

(b) Each registered public
   accounting firm that
   prepares or issues the
   audit report for the issuer
   shall attest to, and report
   on, the assessment made
   by the management of
   the issuer.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act §
          404                    $$$ - High Compliance Costs
(a) All companies required to
    file annual reports must
    include a management
    assessment of internal
    control over financial
    reporting.

(b) Each registered public
   accounting firm that
   prepares or issues the
   audit report for the issuer
   shall attest to, and report
   on, the assessment made
   by the management of
   the issuer.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act §
          404                       $$$ - High Compliance Costs
(a) All companies required to
    file annual reports must
    include a management         • SEC had permitted “non-accelerated
    assessment of internal       filers” to postpone their compliance. The
    controls over financial      deferrals were set to expire for annual
    reporting.                   reports for fiscal years ending on or after
                                 June 15, 2010.
(b) Each registered public
   accounting firm that
   prepares or issues the
   audit report for the issuer
   shall attest to, and report
   on, the assessment made
   by the management of
   the issuer.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act §
          404                       $$$ - High Compliance Costs
(a) All companies required to
    file annual reports must
    include a management         • SEC had permitted “non-accelerated
    assessment of internal       filers” to postpone their compliance. The
    control over financial       deferrals were set to expire for annual
    reporting.                   reports for fiscal years ending on or after
                                 June 15, 2010.
(b) Each registered public
   accounting firm that
   prepares or issues the        • Dodd-Frank § 989G(a) adds § 404(c) to the
   audit report for the issuer   Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The auditor
   shall attest to, and report   attestation requirement now applies only
   on, the assessment made       to accelerated filers and large accelerated
   by the management of          filers.
   the issuer.
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                    Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals                Companies




 Definition
                                                        SOX 404(b)
     of                        State                    Exemption
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers     Standard of Care      Say on Pay
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
Citigroup’s Stock Price 2007-2010
Dodd-Frank Act § 951 –
Shareholder Vote on Executive
  Compensation Disclosures

Public companies subject to the
federal proxy rules must:

• not less frequently than once every
3 years, must include a separate, non-
binding resolution subject to
shareholder vote to approve the
compensation of executives

• not less frequently than once every
6 years, must include a separate, non-
binding resolution subject to
shareholder vote to determine
whether the above votes will occur
every 1, 2, or 3 years
Dodd-Frank Act § 951 –                SEC Final Rule, Release No. 34-63768.
Shareholder Vote on Executive
                                         •Effective at first annual or other
  Compensation Disclosures               meeting on or after January 21, 2011.

Public companies subject to the          • But, for “smaller reporting
federal proxy rules must:                companies,” effective at first annual or
                                         other meeting occurring on or after
                                         January 21, 2013.
• not less frequently than once every
3 years, must include a separate, non-
binding resolution subject to
shareholder vote to approve the
compensation of executives

• not less frequently than once every
6 years, must include a separate, non-
binding resolution subject to
shareholder vote to determine
whether the above votes will occur
every 1, 2, or 3 years
Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11



                                                PROPOSAL 4

        This proposal, which is commonly referred to as a "say-on-pay" vote, provides stockholders with the
   opportunity to advise our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee regarding their approval of
   the compensation of our named executive officers as described in the Compensation Discussion and
   Analysis section, accompanying compensation tables and narrative disclosure set forth in this proxy
   statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or the compensation of
   any particular named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive
   officers as well as the philosophy and objectives of our executive compensation programs.
        Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, retain, motivate and reward talented
   executives who can contribute to our long-term success and thereby build value for our stockholders. We
   believe that our compensation program, with its balance of base salary, cash incentive awards and equity
   compensation, rewards sustained performance that is aligned with long-term stockholder interests.
        Our Compensation Committee, which is comprised of independent directors and seeks the input of
   an outside compensation consultant, oversees our executive compensation and benefits programs. The
   Compensation Committee approves the performance measurements and targets for our executive officers'
   incentive pay, and also reviews and approves their compensation packages annually.
        The say-on-pay vote is not binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of
   Directors. We value the opinions of our stockholders and the Compensation Committee will take into
   account the result of the vote when determining future executive compensation.
        The Board of Directors recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the
   compensation of our named executive officers.
Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11
                                                                                  Broker non-
                       For                 Against              Abstain              votes
                      45,163,605             512,501             3,823,918           8,744,864
                                                PROPOSAL 4

        This proposal, which is commonly referred to as a "say-on-pay" vote, provides stockholders with the
   opportunity to advise our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee regarding their approval of
   the compensation of our named executive officers as described in the Compensation Discussion and
   Analysis section, accompanying compensation tables and narrative disclosure set forth in this proxy
   statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or the compensation of
   any particular named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive
   officers as well as the philosophy and objectives of our executive compensation programs.
        Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, retain, motivate and reward talented
   executives who can contribute to our long-term success and thereby build value for our stockholders. We
   believe that our compensation program, with its balance of base salary, cash incentive awards and equity
   compensation, rewards sustained performance that is aligned with long-term stockholder interests.
        Our Compensation Committee, which is comprised of independent directors and seeks the input of
   an outside compensation consultant, oversees our executive compensation and benefits programs. The
   Compensation Committee approves the performance measurements and targets for our executive officers'
   incentive pay, and also reviews and approves their compensation packages annually.
        The say-on-pay vote is not binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of
   Directors. We value the opinions of our stockholders and the Compensation Committee will take into
   account the result of the vote when determining future executive compensation.
        The Board of Directors recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the
   compensation of our named executive officers.
Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11



                                               PROPOSAL 5
                           ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF "SAY-ON-PAY" VOTE

     This proposal provides our stockholders an advisory vote on whether the frequency with which we should hold
a say-on-pay vote should be once every one, two, or three years. Alternatively, stockholders may choose to abstain.
     Our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee believe that having a say-on-pay vote every year is the
best approach for the Company. The Board believes that an annual advisory vote will give our stockholders the
opportunity to provide us with direct and timely input on our compensation philosophy, policies and practices as
disclosed in the proxy statement.
     You are not voting to approve or disapprove of the Board's recommendation. This advisory vote on the
frequency of future advisory votes on named executive officer compensation is non-binding on the Company, our
Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the Board's recommendation and the
outcome of the stockholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct advisory votes on a more or less
frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with stockholders and the adoption of
material changes to compensation programs.
The Board of Directors recommends a vote for the frequency of EVERY YEAR
Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11
                                                                            Broker non-
           One Year         Two Year          Three Year          Abstain      votes
          41,129,987           81,457          4,429,403          3,859,177   8,744,864
                                               PROPOSAL 5
                           ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF "SAY-ON-PAY" VOTE

     This proposal provides our stockholders an advisory vote on whether the frequency with which we should hold
a say-on-pay vote should be once every one, two, or three years. Alternatively, stockholders may choose to abstain.
     Our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee believe that having a say-on-pay vote every year is the
best approach for the Company. The Board believes that an annual advisory vote will give our stockholders the
opportunity to provide us with direct and timely input on our compensation philosophy, policies and practices as
disclosed in the proxy statement.
     You are not voting to approve or disapprove of the Board's recommendation. This advisory vote on the
frequency of future advisory votes on named executive officer compensation is non-binding on the Company, our
Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the Board's recommendation and the
outcome of the stockholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct advisory votes on a more or less
frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with stockholders and the adoption of
material changes to compensation programs.
The Board of Directors recommends a vote for the frequency of EVERY YEAR
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                    Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals                Companies




 Definition
                                                        SOX 404(b)           Mine
     of                        State                    Exemption           Safety
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-                                    Disclosures
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers     Standard of Care      Say on Pay
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements
                  Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety
Each issuer that is required to file
periodic reports and that is an operator
of a mine (or that has a subsidiary that
is) shall include in each periodic report
the following information for the time
period covered by the report:

   • total # of violations of health or
   safety standards that could
   “significantly and substantially”
   contribute to a health or safety
   hazard under § 104 of the Mine
   Safety and Health Act for which
   operator received a citation from
   Mine Safety and Health
   Administration

   • total # of orders, citations,
   violations issued under other
   specified sections of the Mine Act
Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements
                  Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety
Each issuer that is required to file
                                                    SEC Final Rule, Dec. 21, 2011,
periodic reports and that is an operator
                                                       Release No. 34-66019
of a mine (or that has a subsidiary that
is) shall include in each periodic report
                                            • applies only to mines located in the U.S.
the following information for the time
period covered by the report:
                                            • requires mine-by-mine disclosure
   • total # of violations of health or
                                            • no special treatment for smaller reporting
   safety standards that could
                                            companies
   “significantly and substantially”
   contribute to a health or safety
                                            • no exclusion of orders or citations that
   hazard under § 104 of the Mine
                                            issuer is contesting
   Safety and Health Act for which
   operator received a citation from
                                            • no exclusion of orders or citations that were
   Mine Safety and Health
                                            received but subsequently
   Administration
                                            dismissed, reduced, or vacated
   • total # of
   orders, citations, violations issued
   under other specified sections of the
Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements
     Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety

             SEC Final Rule, Dec. 21, 2011,
                Release No. 34-66019
            Example of Tabular Presentation
Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements
     Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety


    File Form 8-K within 4 business days after
    receipt by issuer (or subsidiary) of:

      • imminent danger order under § 107(a) of the
      Mine Act

      • written notice from the MSHA of a pattern of
      violations of mandatory health or safety
      standards as could significantly and
      substantially contribute to the cause and
      effect of health or safety hazards under §
      104(e) of the Mine Act

      • written notice from the MSHA of the
      potential to have a pattern of such violations

      New Item 1.04 Mine Safety – Reporting of
      Shutdowns and Patterns of Violations
The Dodd-Frank Act



   Registration
                                      Financial                    Public
   Exemptions
                                    Professionals                Companies




 Definition
                                                        SOX 404(b)           Mine
     of                        State                    Exemption           Safety
“Accredited                 Regulation
 Investor”                    of “Mid-                                    Disclosures
                               Sized”
                            Investment      Broker-Dealer
            “Bad Boy”         Advisers     Standard of Care      Say on Pay
         Disqualification                   When Making
                                          Recommendations
http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/dodd-frank.shtml
How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho

                  Wendy Couture
               Associate Professor
        University of Idaho College of Law
             wgcouture@uidaho.edu




                Thank you!

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson planBukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
bukhorimasruri
 
Assignment 13
Assignment 13Assignment 13
Assignment 13
gia1995
 
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล A-NKR Ning
 
Digital scavenger hunt
Digital scavenger huntDigital scavenger hunt
Digital scavenger hunt
drodriguezp6
 
портфолио Шликова В.В.
портфолио Шликова В.В.портфолио Шликова В.В.
портфолио Шликова В.В.
TheShkola21
 
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавты
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавтыЗвездные и хвостатые животные-космонавты
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавтыAnna_Ivannikova
 
Microsoft office word document
Microsoft office word documentMicrosoft office word document
Microsoft office word documentmarhuk
 
Art presentation
Art presentationArt presentation
Art presentation
atourso
 
5S Iyanah Civilization
5S Iyanah Civilization 5S Iyanah Civilization
5S Iyanah Civilization
gsbSS
 
Trabajo musica12ss
Trabajo musica12ssTrabajo musica12ss
Trabajo musica12ss
alexbeentaken
 
презентация
презентацияпрезентация
презентацияSophiko
 
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงาน
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงานใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงาน
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงานJustice MengKing
 
LITEboxIN presentation
LITEboxIN presentationLITEboxIN presentation
LITEboxIN presentation
Jonathan Gaskill
 
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVISchool_Life_NAVI
 
INnovatespace
INnovatespaceINnovatespace
INnovatespace
Jonathan Gaskill
 
Deportes edicion imagenes
Deportes edicion imagenesDeportes edicion imagenes
Deportes edicion imagenes
Yasmin SM
 
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
Avik Enterprises
 
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud IntegrationTurbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
Sean O'Connell
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson planBukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
Bukhori masruri 09330051 lesson plan
 
Assignment 13
Assignment 13Assignment 13
Assignment 13
 
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล
KIRO หุ่นยนต์ครูอนุบาล
 
Digital scavenger hunt
Digital scavenger huntDigital scavenger hunt
Digital scavenger hunt
 
портфолио Шликова В.В.
портфолио Шликова В.В.портфолио Шликова В.В.
портфолио Шликова В.В.
 
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавты
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавтыЗвездные и хвостатые животные-космонавты
Звездные и хвостатые животные-космонавты
 
Microsoft office word document
Microsoft office word documentMicrosoft office word document
Microsoft office word document
 
Art presentation
Art presentationArt presentation
Art presentation
 
5S Iyanah Civilization
5S Iyanah Civilization 5S Iyanah Civilization
5S Iyanah Civilization
 
Trabajo musica12ss
Trabajo musica12ssTrabajo musica12ss
Trabajo musica12ss
 
презентация
презентацияпрезентация
презентация
 
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงาน
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงานใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงาน
ใบงานที่ 3 เรื่อง ขอบข่ายและประเภทของโครงงาน
 
วิชาเคมี
วิชาเคมีวิชาเคมี
วิชาเคมี
 
LITEboxIN presentation
LITEboxIN presentationLITEboxIN presentation
LITEboxIN presentation
 
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI
90秒で分かるSchool Life NAVI
 
INnovatespace
INnovatespaceINnovatespace
INnovatespace
 
Doc1
Doc1Doc1
Doc1
 
Deportes edicion imagenes
Deportes edicion imagenesDeportes edicion imagenes
Deportes edicion imagenes
 
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
Goldplated Tabletops(Premium Products) - 1
 
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud IntegrationTurbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
Turbo-Charge RightNow with Cloud Integration
 

Similar to How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho

Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels Final
Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels   FinalModel Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels   Final
Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels Final
tepatton
 
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited InvestorSEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
O'Connor Davies CPAs
 
Privateplace1
Privateplace1Privateplace1
Privateplace1
MJK INC
 
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAsIssues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
rkm4erisa
 
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
HedgeFundFundamentals
 
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gene...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D:  Private Placement and Gene...How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D:  Private Placement and Gene...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gene...
ManagedFunds
 
Osc exempt market update t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
Osc exempt market update   t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013Osc exempt market update   t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
Osc exempt market update t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
KellySantiniLaw
 
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
TICMAN
 
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk GuideGolsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
Brian Francetich
 
InterPark PPT
InterPark PPTInterPark PPT
InterPark PPT
thottes
 
Understanding structured products
Understanding structured products Understanding structured products
Understanding structured products
Daniel Rufo
 
Business Bankruptcy Executive Summary
Business Bankruptcy Executive SummaryBusiness Bankruptcy Executive Summary
Business Bankruptcy Executive Summary
DavidConaway
 
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics SeminarsJOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
Swenson Advisors, LLP
 
US Financial Regulatory Update
US Financial Regulatory UpdateUS Financial Regulatory Update
US Financial Regulatory Update
Thomas Jefferson School of Law
 
Securitization
SecuritizationSecuritization
Securitization
financedude
 
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. WyattMay 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
AnnArborSPARK
 
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy codeMandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
David S. Kupetz
 
Financial Regulation Changes
Financial Regulation ChangesFinancial Regulation Changes
Financial Regulation Changes
William Byrnes
 
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ HeadachesHiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
AllanHenriques
 
Pos cover cal aha (rha-trio project)
Pos cover  cal aha (rha-trio project)Pos cover  cal aha (rha-trio project)
Pos cover cal aha (rha-trio project)
patrickhoward
 

Similar to How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho (20)

Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels Final
Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels   FinalModel Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels   Final
Model Term Sheet For Alliance Of Angels Final
 
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited InvestorSEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
SEC Amends Definition of Accredited Investor
 
Privateplace1
Privateplace1Privateplace1
Privateplace1
 
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAsIssues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
Issues to Considerwith Self Directed IRAs
 
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gener...
 
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gene...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D:  Private Placement and Gene...How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D:  Private Placement and Gene...
How Passage of the JOBS Act Impacts Regulation D: Private Placement and Gene...
 
Osc exempt market update t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
Osc exempt market update   t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013Osc exempt market update   t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
Osc exempt market update t. mc cunn, kelly santini llp. december 2013
 
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
Fsc Generalwebpresentation 090220073105 Phpapp01
 
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk GuideGolsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
Golsan Scruggs RIASure Risk Guide
 
InterPark PPT
InterPark PPTInterPark PPT
InterPark PPT
 
Understanding structured products
Understanding structured products Understanding structured products
Understanding structured products
 
Business Bankruptcy Executive Summary
Business Bankruptcy Executive SummaryBusiness Bankruptcy Executive Summary
Business Bankruptcy Executive Summary
 
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics SeminarsJOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
JOBS Act and Beyond form Hot Topics Seminars
 
US Financial Regulatory Update
US Financial Regulatory UpdateUS Financial Regulatory Update
US Financial Regulatory Update
 
Securitization
SecuritizationSecuritization
Securitization
 
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. WyattMay 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
May 2012 - Business Law & Order - Bradley J. Wyatt
 
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy codeMandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
Mandatory subordination under the bankruptcy code
 
Financial Regulation Changes
Financial Regulation ChangesFinancial Regulation Changes
Financial Regulation Changes
 
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ HeadachesHiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
Hiring a Fiduciary Can Reduce Company Owners’ Headaches
 
Pos cover cal aha (rha-trio project)
Pos cover  cal aha (rha-trio project)Pos cover  cal aha (rha-trio project)
Pos cover cal aha (rha-trio project)
 

More from Wendy Couture

Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Wendy Couture
 
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities LitigationTop 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
Wendy Couture
 
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
Wendy Couture
 
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
Wendy Couture
 
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
Wendy Couture
 
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of PleadingsThe Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
Wendy Couture
 
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out LitigationThe Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
Wendy Couture
 
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-HalliburtonThe Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
Wendy Couture
 
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
Wendy Couture
 
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory GapsUsing Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
Wendy Couture
 
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities FraudThe Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
Wendy Couture
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
Wendy Couture
 

More from Wendy Couture (20)

Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
Business and Corporate Case Update (2024)
 
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
Business & Corporate Caselaw Review (2023)
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2022)
 
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities LitigationTop 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
Top 10 Issues in De-SPAC Securities Litigation
 
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
Corporate Law Case Review (2021)
 
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
Top 10 Cases in Business Law (Idaho)
 
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
"Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year" (2019)
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (May 11, 2018)
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2017)
 
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
Idaho Supreme Court - Spring Case Review - Business Cases (2017)
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2016)
 
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of PleadingsThe Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
The Impact of the PSLRA on Post-Discovery Amendment of Pleadings
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
Top 10 Business Law Cases of the Year (2015)
 
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out LitigationThe Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
The Mysteries of Class Action Tolling and the Impacts on Opt-Out Litigation
 
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-HalliburtonThe Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
The Future of Securities Litigation Post-Halliburton
 
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
Crowdfunding (in Idaho) 101
 
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
Top 10 Business Cases From the Past Year (2014)
 
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory GapsUsing Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
Using Shareholder Proposals to Fill Regulatory Gaps
 
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities FraudThe Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
The Collision Between the First Amendment and Securities Fraud
 
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
Top 10 Business Law Cases From the Past Year (2013)
 

How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho

  • 1. How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho Wendy Couture Associate Professor University of Idaho College of Law Presented to the Idaho State Bar Business & Corporate Section January 11, 2012
  • 2.
  • 3. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies
  • 4. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition SOX 404(b) Mine of State Exemption Safety “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Disclosures Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Actor” Advisers Standard of Care Say on Pay Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 5. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition of “Accredited Investor”
  • 6. Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status Rule 505 and Rule 506 Exemptions • Limited to 35 non-accredited investors • Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2) disclosures to non-accredited investors • Non-accredited investors must qualify as knowledgeable and sophisticated investors
  • 7. Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status Rule 505 and Rule 506 § 4(5) [formerly § 4(6)] Exemptions Exemption • Limited to 35 non-accredited • Limited to accredited investors investors • Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2) disclosures to non-accredited investors • Non-accredited investors must qualify as knowledgeable and sophisticated investors
  • 8. Relevance of “Accredited Investor” Status Rule 505 and Rule 506 § 4(5) [formerly § 4(6)] Rule 504 Exemption Exemptions Exemption • Prohibition on general • Limited to 35 non-accredited • Limited to accredited solicitation and general investors investors advertising lifted under certain circumstances if • Must furnish Rule 502(b)(2) sold only to accredited disclosures to non-accredited investors investors • Restrictions on resale • Non-accredited investors lifted under certain must qualify as knowledgeable circumstances if sold only and sophisticated investors to accredited investors
  • 9. Old Definition of “Accredited Investor” Included: “Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his purchase exceeds $1,000,000.” Rule 501(a)(5); Rule 215(e).
  • 10. Fiserv Case-Shiller Home Price Data – April 8, 2010
  • 11. Old Definition of New Definition of “Accredited Investor” “Accredited Investor” Included: Dodd-Frank § 413: “Any natural person whose “*A+ny net worth standard shall be individual net worth, or joint net $1,000,000, excluding the value of worth with that person’s the primary residence of such spouse, at the time of his purchase natural person.” exceeds $1,000,000.” Rule 501(a)(5); Rule 215(e).
  • 12. New Definition of “Accredited Investor” What if the Dodd-Frank § 413: mortgage is underwater? “*A+ny net worth standard shall be $1,000,000, excluding the value of the primary residence of such natural person.” SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
  • 13. New Definition of What if the “Accredited Investor” mortgage is Dodd-Frank § 413: underwater? The amount “*A+ny net worth standard shall be by which the $1,000,000, excluding the value of mortgage is the primary residence of such underwater is natural person.” included as a liability. SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
  • 14. New Definition of What if the “Accredited Investor” mortgage is Dodd-Frank § 413: underwater? The amount “*A+ny net worth standard shall be by which the $1,000,000, excluding the value of mortgage is the primary residence of such underwater is natural person.” included as a liability. Is there any grandfathering available for investors with pre- existing rights who, because of this change, are no longer accredited? SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
  • 15. New Definition of What if the “Accredited Investor” mortgage is Dodd-Frank § 413: underwater? The amount “*A+ny net worth standard shall be by which the $1,000,000, excluding the value of mortgage is the primary residence of such underwater is natural person.” included as a liability. Is there any grandfathering available for investors with pre- existing rights who, because of this change, are no longer accredited? Yes, if the investor held the right and other securities of the same issuer on July 20, 2010. SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
  • 16. New Definition of What if the “Accredited Investor” mortgage is Dodd-Frank § 413: underwater? The amount “*A+ny net worth standard shall be by which the $1,000,000, excluding the value of Can’t an investor mortgage is the primary residence of such just obtain a underwater is natural person.” mortgage to included as a convert home liability. equity into assets that will count in Is there any grandfathering the net worth available for investors with pre- calculation? existing rights who, because of this change, are no longer accredited? Yes, if the investor held the right and other securities of the same issuer on July 20, 2010. SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287.
  • 17. New Definition of What if the “Accredited Investor” mortgage is Dodd-Frank § 413: underwater? The amount “*A+ny net worth standard shall be Can’t an investor by which the $1,000,000, excluding the value of just obtain a mortgage is the primary residence of such mortgage to underwater is natural person.” convert home included as a equity into assets liability. that will count in the net worth Is there any grandfathering calculation? available for investors with pre- Yes, but a 60-day existing rights who, because of lookback will this change, are no longer capture any accredited? incremental Yes, if the investor held the right indebtedness that and other securities of the same isn’t used to issuer on July 20, 2010. acquire the SEC Final Rule, Effective Feb. 27, 2012, Release No. 33-9287. primary residence.
  • 18. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition of “Accredited Investor” “Bad Actor” Disqualification
  • 19. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Reg. A Rule 505 Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii)
  • 20. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.”
  • 21. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.” SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211
  • 22. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.” SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211 Possibly apply a uniform “bad actor” rule to Reg. A, Rule 505, and Rule 506
  • 23. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.” SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211 Possibly apply a Possibly adopt uniform “bad actor” a uniform 10- rule to Reg. A, Rule year look-back 505, and Rule 506 period
  • 24. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.” SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211 Possibly apply a Possibly adopt Explicitly include uniform “bad actor” a uniform 10- “managing member” rule to Reg. A, Rule year look-back of issuer as a 505, and Rule 506 period “covered person”
  • 25. “Bad Actor” Disqualification Rule 506 Reg. A Rule 505 Dodd-Frank § 926 – “*SEC+ shall Rule 262 Rule 505(b)(iii) issue rules . . . substantially similar to the provisions of [Rule 262.” SEC Proposed Rule; Release No. 33-9211 Possibly apply a Possibly adopt Explicitly include “Reasonable uniform “bad actor” a uniform 10- “managing member” care” exception – rule to Reg. A, Rule year look-back of issuer as a would require the 505, and Rule 506 period “covered person” issuer to conduct a “factual inquiry”
  • 26. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition of State “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Sized” Investment “Bad Boy” Advisers Disqualification
  • 27. Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management State Registration IF • “regulated or required to be regulated as an investment adviser in the State in which it maintains its principal office” (all states except Wyoming) Otherwise, SEC Registration. LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets Under Management SEC Registration Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011).
  • 28. Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION Under Management But, if a small investment adviser State Registration IF would be required to register in • “regulated or required to be 30+ states, it can elect to register regulated as an investment with SEC instead. adviser in the State in which it maintains its principal office” (all states except Wyoming) Otherwise, SEC Registration. LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets Under Management SEC Registration Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011); SEC Rule203A-2(e) (until Sept. 19, 2011).
  • 29. Investment Adviser Registration Pre-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION Under Management But, if a small investment adviser State Registration IF would be required to register in • “regulated or required to be 30+ states, it can elect to register regulated as an investment with SEC instead. adviser in the State in which it maintains its principal office” BUFFER (all states except Wyoming) But, if an investment adviser has assets Otherwise, SEC Registration. under management of $25,000,000- $30,000,000, it may elect to remain LARGE ≥ $25,000,000 Assets state-regulated. Under Management SEC Registration Investment Advisers Act § 203A (until July 1, 2011); SEC Rule203A-1(a) (until Sept. 19, 2011).
  • 30. Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management State Registration IF • “regulated or required to be regulated as an investment adviser in the State in which it maintains its principal office” (all states except Wyoming) Otherwise, SEC Registration. MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000 Assets Under Management State Registration IF • “required to be registered as an investment adviser” in the state where it maintains its principal office AND • “would be subject to examination as an investment adviser by *the State+” (all states except Wyoming and New York) Otherwise, SEC Registration. LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management SEC Registration Investment Advisers Act § 203A; SEC Release No. IA-3221.
  • 31. Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management State Registration IF • “regulated or required to be regulated as an MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION investment adviser in the State in which it maintains But, if an investment its principal office” adviser would be (all states except Wyoming) required to register in Otherwise, SEC Registration. 15+ states, it can elect to register with SEC MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000 Assets Under instead. Management State Registration IF • “required to be registered as an investment adviser” in the state where it maintains its principal office AND • “would be subject to examination as an investment adviser by *the State+” (all states except Wyoming and New York) Otherwise, SEC Registration. LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management SEC Registration Investment Advisers Act § 203A; Rule 203A-2(d).
  • 32. Investment Adviser Registration Post-Dodd-Frank SMALL < $25,000,000 Assets Under Management State Registration IF • “regulated or required to be regulated as an MULTI-STATE EXCEPTION investment adviser in the State in which it maintains But, if an investment its principal office” adviser would be (all states except Wyoming) required to register in Otherwise, SEC Registration. 15+ states, it can elect to register with SEC MID-SIZED $25,000,000-$100,000,000Assets Under instead. Management State Registration IF • “required to be registered as an investment adviser” in the state where it maintains its principal office AND BUFFERS • “would be subject to examination as an investment • But, if an investment adviser has adviser by *the State+” assets under management of (all states except Wyoming and New York) $90,000,000-$100,000,000, it may elect Otherwise, SEC Registration. to remain SEC-regulated. • But, if an investment adviser has LARGE ≥ $100,000,000 Assets Under Management assets under management of SEC Registration $100,000,000-$110,000,000, it may Investment Advisers Act § 203A; Rule 203A-1(a). elect to remain state-regulated.
  • 33. Investment Adviser Registration Post- Dodd-Frank DEADLINES FOR TRANSITION FROM SEC- TO STATE-REGULATION March 30, 2012 ALL investment advisers currently registered with the SEC must file an amendment to Form ADV, which will identify mid-sized advisers that are no longer eligible for SEC registration. SEC Release No. IA-3221; SEC Rule 203A-5(b).
  • 34. Investment Adviser Registration Post- Dodd-Frank DEADLINES FOR TRANSITION FROM SEC- TO STATE-REGULATION March 30, 2012 June 28, 2012 ALL investment advisers Mid-sized advisers no currently registered with longer eligible to register the SEC must file an with the SEC must amendment to Form ADV, withdraw by filing Form which will identify mid- ADV-W and registering sized advisers that are no with the applicable longer eligible for SEC state(s). registration. SEC Release No. IA-3221; SEC North American Securities Administrators Association (“NASAA”) – Rule 203A-5(c). Investment Adviser Coordinated Review Program for SEC-registered advisers switching their registration to between 4 & 14 states
  • 35. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition of State “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Boy” Advisers Standard of Care Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 36. Standard of Care When Making Recommendations Investment Advisers Broker-Dealers
  • 37. Investment Advisers Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).
  • 38. Investment Advisers Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11). Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2).
  • 39. Investment Advisers Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11). Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2). Fiduciary Duty - “The *+ Act *+ thus reflect a congressional recognition of the delicate fiduciary nature of an investment advisory relationship . . .” SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, 375 U.S. 180 (1963).
  • 40. Investment Advisers Definition - “‘Investment adviser’ means any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11). Fraud/Deceit - “It shall be unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly-- … to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any client or prospective client…” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 206(2). Fiduciary Duty - “The *+ Act *+ thus reflect a congressional recognition of the delicate fiduciary nature of an investment advisory relationship . . .” SEC v. Capital Gains Research Bureau, 375 U.S. 180 (1963). Investment advisers have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of their clients.
  • 41. Broker-Dealers Definition - “The term ‘broker’ Definition - The term “dealer” means any means any person engaged in the person engaged in the business of buying business of effecting transactions in and selling securities for such person's own securities for the account of others.” account through a broker or otherwise. Exchange Act § 3(a)(4). Exchange Act § 3(a)(5).
  • 42. Broker-Dealers Definition - “The term ‘broker’ Definition - The term “dealer” means any means any person engaged in the person engaged in the business of buying business of effecting transactions in and selling securities for such person's own securities for the account of others.” account through a broker or otherwise. Exchange Act § 3(a)(4). Exchange Act § 3(a)(5). Exclusion from Definition of “Investment Adviser” – “any broker or dealer whose performance of such services is solely incidental to the conduct of his business as a broker or dealer and who receives no special compensation therefor.” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11).
  • 43. Broker-Dealers Definition - “The term ‘broker’ Definition - The term “dealer” means any means any person engaged in the person engaged in the business of buying business of effecting transactions in and selling securities for such person's own securities for the account of others.” account through a broker or otherwise. Exchange Act § 3(a)(4). Exchange Act § 3(a)(5). Exclusion from Definition of “Investment Adviser” – “any broker or dealer whose performance of such services is solely incidental to the conduct of his business as a broker or dealer and who receives no special compensation therefor.” Investment Advisers Act of 1940 § 202(a)(11). Not subject to Investment Advisers Act fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of their clients.
  • 44. Broker-Dealers Definition - “The term ‘broker’ Definition - The term “dealer” means any means any person engaged in the person engaged in the business of buying business of effecting transactions in and selling securities for such person's own securities for the account of others.” account through a broker or otherwise. Exchange Act § 3(a)(4). Exchange Act § 3(a)(5). NASD Rule 2310 Recommendations to Customers (Suitability) - (a) In recommending to a customer the purchase, sale or exchange of any security, a member shall have reasonable grounds for believing that the recommendation is suitable for such customer upon the basis of the facts, if any, disclosed by such customer as to his other security holdings and as to his financial situation and needs. . . . (to become FINRA Rule 2111 on July 9, 2012)
  • 45. Fabrice Tourre Goldman, Sachs & Co. Employee http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X42k4ikIBKg
  • 46. Broker-Dealers Dodd-Frank Act § 913 • SEC Report Directs the SEC to conduct a study and issue a report re: the obligations of brokers, dealers, and investment advisers when providing personalized investment advice and recommendations to retail customers • Rules Authorizes the SEC to commence rulemaking to address the legal or regulatory standards of care for brokers, dealers, and investment advisers
  • 47. Broker-Dealers Dodd-Frank Act § 913 January 2011 SEC Report Recommends that the SEC establish a uniform • SEC Report fiduciary standard for investment advisers and Directs the SEC to conduct a broker-dealers when providing investment study and issue a report re: advice to retail customers that is consistent the obligations of with the standard that currently applies to brokers, dealers, and investment advisers. investment advisers when providing personalized investment advice and recommendations to retail customers • Rules Authorizes the SEC to commence rulemaking to address the legal or regulatory standards of care for brokers, dealers, and investment advisers
  • 48. Broker-Dealers Dodd-Frank Act § 913 January 2011 SEC Report Recommends that the SEC establish a uniform • SEC Report fiduciary standard for investment advisers and Directs the SEC to conduct a broker-dealers when providing investment study and issue a report re: advice to retail customers that is consistent the obligations of with the standard that currently applies to brokers, dealers, and investment advisers. investment advisers when providing personalized investment advice and recommendations to retail customers • Rules Future? Authorizes the SEC to commence rulemaking to address the legal or regulatory standards of care for brokers, dealers, and investment advisers
  • 49. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition SOX 404(b) of State Exemption “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Boy” Advisers Standard of Care Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 50. Sarbanes-Oxley Act § 404 (a) All companies required to file annual reports must include a management assessment of internal control over financial reporting. (b) Each registered public accounting firm that prepares or issues the audit report for the issuer shall attest to, and report on, the assessment made by the management of the issuer.
  • 51. Sarbanes-Oxley Act § 404 $$$ - High Compliance Costs (a) All companies required to file annual reports must include a management assessment of internal control over financial reporting. (b) Each registered public accounting firm that prepares or issues the audit report for the issuer shall attest to, and report on, the assessment made by the management of the issuer.
  • 52. Sarbanes-Oxley Act § 404 $$$ - High Compliance Costs (a) All companies required to file annual reports must include a management • SEC had permitted “non-accelerated assessment of internal filers” to postpone their compliance. The controls over financial deferrals were set to expire for annual reporting. reports for fiscal years ending on or after June 15, 2010. (b) Each registered public accounting firm that prepares or issues the audit report for the issuer shall attest to, and report on, the assessment made by the management of the issuer.
  • 53. Sarbanes-Oxley Act § 404 $$$ - High Compliance Costs (a) All companies required to file annual reports must include a management • SEC had permitted “non-accelerated assessment of internal filers” to postpone their compliance. The control over financial deferrals were set to expire for annual reporting. reports for fiscal years ending on or after June 15, 2010. (b) Each registered public accounting firm that prepares or issues the • Dodd-Frank § 989G(a) adds § 404(c) to the audit report for the issuer Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The auditor shall attest to, and report attestation requirement now applies only on, the assessment made to accelerated filers and large accelerated by the management of filers. the issuer.
  • 54. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition SOX 404(b) of State Exemption “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Boy” Advisers Standard of Care Say on Pay Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 56. Dodd-Frank Act § 951 – Shareholder Vote on Executive Compensation Disclosures Public companies subject to the federal proxy rules must: • not less frequently than once every 3 years, must include a separate, non- binding resolution subject to shareholder vote to approve the compensation of executives • not less frequently than once every 6 years, must include a separate, non- binding resolution subject to shareholder vote to determine whether the above votes will occur every 1, 2, or 3 years
  • 57. Dodd-Frank Act § 951 – SEC Final Rule, Release No. 34-63768. Shareholder Vote on Executive •Effective at first annual or other Compensation Disclosures meeting on or after January 21, 2011. Public companies subject to the • But, for “smaller reporting federal proxy rules must: companies,” effective at first annual or other meeting occurring on or after January 21, 2013. • not less frequently than once every 3 years, must include a separate, non- binding resolution subject to shareholder vote to approve the compensation of executives • not less frequently than once every 6 years, must include a separate, non- binding resolution subject to shareholder vote to determine whether the above votes will occur every 1, 2, or 3 years
  • 58. Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11 PROPOSAL 4 This proposal, which is commonly referred to as a "say-on-pay" vote, provides stockholders with the opportunity to advise our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee regarding their approval of the compensation of our named executive officers as described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section, accompanying compensation tables and narrative disclosure set forth in this proxy statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or the compensation of any particular named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers as well as the philosophy and objectives of our executive compensation programs. Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, retain, motivate and reward talented executives who can contribute to our long-term success and thereby build value for our stockholders. We believe that our compensation program, with its balance of base salary, cash incentive awards and equity compensation, rewards sustained performance that is aligned with long-term stockholder interests. Our Compensation Committee, which is comprised of independent directors and seeks the input of an outside compensation consultant, oversees our executive compensation and benefits programs. The Compensation Committee approves the performance measurements and targets for our executive officers' incentive pay, and also reviews and approves their compensation packages annually. The say-on-pay vote is not binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. We value the opinions of our stockholders and the Compensation Committee will take into account the result of the vote when determining future executive compensation. The Board of Directors recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers.
  • 59. Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11 Broker non- For Against Abstain votes 45,163,605 512,501 3,823,918 8,744,864 PROPOSAL 4 This proposal, which is commonly referred to as a "say-on-pay" vote, provides stockholders with the opportunity to advise our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee regarding their approval of the compensation of our named executive officers as described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section, accompanying compensation tables and narrative disclosure set forth in this proxy statement. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or the compensation of any particular named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers as well as the philosophy and objectives of our executive compensation programs. Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, retain, motivate and reward talented executives who can contribute to our long-term success and thereby build value for our stockholders. We believe that our compensation program, with its balance of base salary, cash incentive awards and equity compensation, rewards sustained performance that is aligned with long-term stockholder interests. Our Compensation Committee, which is comprised of independent directors and seeks the input of an outside compensation consultant, oversees our executive compensation and benefits programs. The Compensation Committee approves the performance measurements and targets for our executive officers' incentive pay, and also reviews and approves their compensation packages annually. The say-on-pay vote is not binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. We value the opinions of our stockholders and the Compensation Committee will take into account the result of the vote when determining future executive compensation. The Board of Directors recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the compensation of our named executive officers.
  • 60. Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11 PROPOSAL 5 ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF "SAY-ON-PAY" VOTE This proposal provides our stockholders an advisory vote on whether the frequency with which we should hold a say-on-pay vote should be once every one, two, or three years. Alternatively, stockholders may choose to abstain. Our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee believe that having a say-on-pay vote every year is the best approach for the Company. The Board believes that an annual advisory vote will give our stockholders the opportunity to provide us with direct and timely input on our compensation philosophy, policies and practices as disclosed in the proxy statement. You are not voting to approve or disapprove of the Board's recommendation. This advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on named executive officer compensation is non-binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the Board's recommendation and the outcome of the stockholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct advisory votes on a more or less frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with stockholders and the adoption of material changes to compensation programs. The Board of Directors recommends a vote for the frequency of EVERY YEAR
  • 61. Coldwater Creek, Inc. Proxy Statement, Filed with the SEC on 4-29-11 Broker non- One Year Two Year Three Year Abstain votes 41,129,987 81,457 4,429,403 3,859,177 8,744,864 PROPOSAL 5 ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF "SAY-ON-PAY" VOTE This proposal provides our stockholders an advisory vote on whether the frequency with which we should hold a say-on-pay vote should be once every one, two, or three years. Alternatively, stockholders may choose to abstain. Our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee believe that having a say-on-pay vote every year is the best approach for the Company. The Board believes that an annual advisory vote will give our stockholders the opportunity to provide us with direct and timely input on our compensation philosophy, policies and practices as disclosed in the proxy statement. You are not voting to approve or disapprove of the Board's recommendation. This advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on named executive officer compensation is non-binding on the Company, our Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors. Notwithstanding the Board's recommendation and the outcome of the stockholder vote, the Board may in the future decide to conduct advisory votes on a more or less frequent basis and may vary its practice based on factors such as discussions with stockholders and the adoption of material changes to compensation programs. The Board of Directors recommends a vote for the frequency of EVERY YEAR
  • 62. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition SOX 404(b) Mine of State Exemption Safety “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Disclosures Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Boy” Advisers Standard of Care Say on Pay Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 63.
  • 64. Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety Each issuer that is required to file periodic reports and that is an operator of a mine (or that has a subsidiary that is) shall include in each periodic report the following information for the time period covered by the report: • total # of violations of health or safety standards that could “significantly and substantially” contribute to a health or safety hazard under § 104 of the Mine Safety and Health Act for which operator received a citation from Mine Safety and Health Administration • total # of orders, citations, violations issued under other specified sections of the Mine Act
  • 65. Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety Each issuer that is required to file SEC Final Rule, Dec. 21, 2011, periodic reports and that is an operator Release No. 34-66019 of a mine (or that has a subsidiary that is) shall include in each periodic report • applies only to mines located in the U.S. the following information for the time period covered by the report: • requires mine-by-mine disclosure • total # of violations of health or • no special treatment for smaller reporting safety standards that could companies “significantly and substantially” contribute to a health or safety • no exclusion of orders or citations that hazard under § 104 of the Mine issuer is contesting Safety and Health Act for which operator received a citation from • no exclusion of orders or citations that were Mine Safety and Health received but subsequently Administration dismissed, reduced, or vacated • total # of orders, citations, violations issued under other specified sections of the
  • 66. Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety SEC Final Rule, Dec. 21, 2011, Release No. 34-66019 Example of Tabular Presentation
  • 67. Dodd-Frank Act § 1503 – Reporting Requirements Regarding Coal or Other Mine Safety File Form 8-K within 4 business days after receipt by issuer (or subsidiary) of: • imminent danger order under § 107(a) of the Mine Act • written notice from the MSHA of a pattern of violations of mandatory health or safety standards as could significantly and substantially contribute to the cause and effect of health or safety hazards under § 104(e) of the Mine Act • written notice from the MSHA of the potential to have a pattern of such violations New Item 1.04 Mine Safety – Reporting of Shutdowns and Patterns of Violations
  • 68. The Dodd-Frank Act Registration Financial Public Exemptions Professionals Companies Definition SOX 404(b) Mine of State Exemption Safety “Accredited Regulation Investor” of “Mid- Disclosures Sized” Investment Broker-Dealer “Bad Boy” Advisers Standard of Care Say on Pay Disqualification When Making Recommendations
  • 70. How the Dodd-Frank Act Affects Practice in Idaho Wendy Couture Associate Professor University of Idaho College of Law wgcouture@uidaho.edu Thank you!