1. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS PLAN EVENT
Nonprofit Organization that aids ethnic minorities in Vietnam
Homeless Heroes
Reservoir DECA Chapter
Reservoir High School
11550 Scaggsville Road
Fulton, MD 20759
Jenny Do
Joyce Lim
March 12, 2015

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………
II. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………
III. Analysis of International Business Situation…………….……………………......
A. Economic, political, and legal analysis of the trading country…………………….....
1. Description of the trading country’s economic system…………………………….
2. Description of the country’s governmental structure and stability………………..
3. Description of laws and/or governmental agencies that affect our business…....
B. Trade area and cultural analysis………………………………………………………...
1. Geographic and demographic information………………………………………
2. Market segment analysis of target market…………………...………………..
3. Analysis of potential location…………………………………………………….
IV. Planned Operation of the Proposed Business/Product/Service…..…………...
A. Proposed organization…………………………………………………………………...
B. Proposed product…………………………………………………………………………
1. Details of the product(s) to be
offered………………………………………………….
2. How the products/supplies will be transported to/from the home
country………….
C. Proposed strategies………………………………………………………………………
1. Proposed pricing policies………………………………………………………...
2. Proposed promotional program………………………………………………....
D. Details of the product(s)/service(s) to be offered……………………………………...
1. How the product will be transported to/from the United States……………...
C. Proposed strategies…………………………………………………...………...……….
1. Proposed pricing
strategies……………………………………………..……………....
2. Proposed promotional
program…………………………………………...…………….
D. SWOT Analysis……………………………………………….…………………………..
E. Corporate Social Responsibility……………………………………..…………………..
V. Planned Financing…………………………………………....………………………...
VI. Bibliography……………………………………….………………………………….....
VII. Appendix…………………………………………..……………………………………...

3. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Homeless Heroes is a 501(c) tax-exempt nonprofit organization held in the United States of
America. ​The​ program is targeting marginalized minorities in Vietnam who are living in
impoverished or destitute states. More specifically, ​the organization aims​ ​to benefit Vietnamese
veterans who support America and have either been wounded or are an amputee. These people
are in the midst of an uphill battle to provide for themselves and their families under a neglecting
regime. In order to qualify for the support of Homeless Heroes, a person must prove to be in one
or many of the following scenarios:
I. Living in below average conditions or on the streets.
II. Demonstrate hardship to provide for themselves or their family.
III. Show that their injuries are obstructing them from finding success or providing
for their families
IV. Show that their overall health and existence is in a decline that requires external
assistance.
During the Vietnam War, there were many battles between the Communist North and the
Republic South for the control of the Vietnamese government. The ethnic minorities, living in
the hills of Vietnam, were not apart of the war, but supported and helped the South.
During the war, the Viet Cong used the Ho Chi Minh trail to transport weapons from
Northern Vietnam to Southern Vietnam. The ethnic minorities, especially the Hmong people,
wanted to help the U.S. troops transport weapons and troops while bypassing the Viet Cong. The
Hmong people wanted to gain independence as much as the south, so they helped troops navigate
through the hills.
After the war ended, the communist government in Vietnam found out that the Hmong
people helped the U.S. troops and the republic Vietnamese. Since the Vietnam war ended, the
Vietnamese government has excluded the Hmong people from their citizenship, and have pushed
them further into the hills with no urbanization. The Vietnamese government does not provide
any Hmong people with any basic needs, which have caused an epidemic of poverty and hunger
in this Vietnamese region.
The basic needs that are excluded from the Native Vietnamese include health care,
national security, shelter, education, and food necessities. So, through Homeless Heroes, we will
help aid the Native Vietnamese with basic necessities, and help bring their living conditions to a
standard position where they can take care of themselves.

4. II. INTRODUCTION
Homeless Heroes was founded in 2012 by Khoa Huynh in Laurel, Maryland. He started
the program his 12​th​
year at Reservoir High School. His collection process of shoes for donation
began in senior year of high school until his senior year at the United States Air Force Academy.
His program did not excel until he became a cadet at the United States Air Force Academy, and
registered the non-profit organization with the state by filling out applications through the
Internal Revenue Service and registering it through the state’s charity office.
Homeless Heroes’ service will include helping marginalized minorities in Vietnam with
basic needs that will increase their overall living standards. The program is targeting
marginalized minorities in Vietnam who are living in impoverished or destitute states. Homeless
Heroes specifically helps former Vietnamese republican soldiers who fought in the Vietnam War
with the United States’ veterans. The Vietnamese soldiers that live in the hills of Vietnam are

5. mainly the Hmong people whom do not get innate rights from the government. The Hmong
people can no longer fight the Vietnamese government either because their consequences would
become much worse. For example, they would be executed or banished even further into the hills
of Vietnam.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam is strict with the allowed trade with the United States. Both
countries are currently allies due to trading purposes, but were former enemies, so citizens of
these countries are not allowed to interact without a visa. This hinders the program when trying
to give services to the Vietnamese, republic veterans and their families because of the many law
processes that are included. Sending services and charity over to vietnam without connections
would be highly regulated by the Vietnamese government. But, with Homeless Heroes’ efforts,
we are able to get around these strenuous government regulations to help the people in need.
The United States would like to give back to the Hmong people after they have helped
tremendously during the Vietnam War. The Hmong people are common with routes of the hills
because they lived there, so they helped the United States troops navigate through the hills where
most of the Vietnamese war battles occurred. They helped them transport different weapons, and
get around the Vietcong whom were also transporting their troops from the North to the South.
Currently, the Ho Chi Minh trail, also known as ​Truong Son ​Strategic Supply Route,​ is
used for transportation of business products and was the home to the Hmong people before the
Vietnam war. This route goes through Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. People visiting are also
allowed to travel through the trail, but there is no urban cities. This trail is ​one of the great
achievements of military engineering because this is where most of the Vietnam War Battles
occurred.

6. Lots of people around the world do not know about this situation because this
information is usually only known in Vietnam. Since the Vietnamese government is communist,
they have a very strict regulation for what is broadcasted through the internet. Many websites can
not be accessed through the internet in Vietnam, which means people can not just upload or post
any information that they want. The Hmong peoples oppression that occurred in this present day
is highly secretive because the Vietnamese government does not allow this information to be
posted online.
Homeless Heroes would like to announce this information to other countries’ in order to
spread awareness on the Hmong people’s struggles in their daily life. Though Homeless Heroes
can not change the oppression towards the Hmong people, ​the organization​ can help provide
them aid to better their standards.

7. III. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SITUATION
A. Economic, political and legal analysis of the trading country
1. Describe the trading country’s economic system
Vietnam’s agricultural economy depends on wet rice cultivating. Once the Vietnam war
was over, the government started making more farms and factories to employ their citizens for
government jobs. For the last decade, Vietnam’s economy has plummeted due to the high
restrictions on trade. Vietnam is currently struggling paying off the trade embargoed by the
United States and Europe during the Vietnam War. in 1986, the Sixth Party Congress made
reforms that resulted in a socialist-oriented economy. Vietnam is the second fastest progressing
economy because the GDP increased 8% yearly between 1990 and 1997, and 7% during 2000
and 2005. Recently in 2000 to 2007, their economic dependency on agriculture has decreased by
20-25%. New job opportunities have risen, which made the poverty levels decrease, but in
2008-2009, the job generation babies have decreased due to high inflation.

8. Vietnam’s economic sectors are divided into three parts: primary, secondary, and tertiary
sector. Between 1994 to 2004, the primary sector increased its 21.8% of its GDP. The
agricultural dependency declined and the labor job increased by 30%, which is high when
compared to 2004. Vietnam was then announced the world’s largest rice exporter since there was
a reduction in the governmental monopoly. The secondary sector included the aid of Japan in
developing Vietnam’s auxiliary industries. Japan has provided $180 million to finance these
industries, which supported the Que Vo district and the Bac Ninh province. These industries
developed garment, textile, leather, electronics, automobile and engineering. The priority in these
industries are mostly livestock and aquaculture. The latest businesses in Vietnam have increased
the domestic and export demands.The next sector is tertiary which occurred from 2010 to present
day. This insurance sector increased its GDP by 4.2% because of life and non-life insurance
premiums to $2 billion and $562 million as a result of innovative products and sale channels.
2. Describe the country’s governmental structure and stability

9. Vietnam is a socialist republic where the president is the head of the state and the prime
minister is the head of the government on a one-party system led by the communist party of
Vietnam. This government includes an executive branch, legislative branch, judiciary, and a
parliament. The executive branch exercised power though the government and the president, the
legislative branch works with the National Assembly of Vietnam, the judiciary branch is
independent from the executive branch and makes court decisions, and the parliament adopts the
constitution of Vietnam.
The executive branch elects the president from the National Assembly. The National
Assembly is a unicameral legislative body which includes 500 members, whom are elected by
popular vote to serve for four years. The president's term is five years and he is the head of the
state, people's armed forces, and is the chairman of the council for defense and security. The
president appoints members in the government with a vote of the National Assembly.
The legislative branch is considered the most powerful and highest branch in Vietnam
because they supervise the county and appoint the judiciary branch. The legislative branch holds
elections for presidency, the National Assembly, and the people's council. The prime minister is
in charge of the government who oversees his deputies and other ministers who are assigned to
be in charge of different activities. The domestic and foreign policies, socio-economic policies,
defense and security issues are to be dealt by the legislative branch, which they have complete
control over.
The judicial branch is based on a socialist legality, and the highest judicial organ is the
supreme people's court. The supreme people's court includes the Chief Justice, deputy chief
judge, council of judges, commission of judges, central military court, civil court, appeal court,

10. and assisting staff. The supreme people's court works closely with the National Assembly
because they control the judiciary's budget and confirms the president's nominee for the supreme
people's court. They make decisions on arrest warrants, people's courts, military tribunals, and
administrative, economic, and labor courts.
In 2013, the World Bank reported that Vietnam’s GDP growth will increase by 5.5% in
2015, with macroeconomic stability largely restored. The bi-annual assessment of Vietnam’s
economy shows that there are few factors that may hinder the macro-economic stability. The
critical risks include:
I. Low foreign exchange reserves
II. Fragile private sector demand
III. Possibility of departure from fiscal and monetary discipline
IV. Slow progress on structural reforms
V. Loss of confidence in a fragile banking sector
The Vietnam government has to make important decisions that may heighten or obstruct
their country’s economy because of the risks listed above. The Vietnamese government has been
reconstructing their economy slower than expected, so the non-performing loans have formed a
concern. These issues include bankruptcy, insolvency, and creditor rights which corporate into
the debt reconstruction. The corruption in Vietnam has developed long-term effects that will
undermine Vietnam’s growth and stability.
In 2010-2012, the growth has been more modest than usual so that made a decrease in
poverty rates and inequality. Even though such groups are doing a lot better, some minority
groups are still behind in technology which leads to little progression. The minority groups

11. would have to move into cash crop productions, intensifying agricultural production, moving to
agricultural diversification and trading, and increasing education for children to catch up to the
majority groups' growth.
3. Describe laws and/or governmental agencies that affect your business
Homeless Heroes is a non profit organization that originated in the United States has
many trade restrictions in Vietnam. In the past,​ ​the United States and Vietnam were rivals in the
Vietnam war. After the government found out that the Hmong people were helping the South
Vietnamese, they banished the Hmong people up into the hills for isolation. There are no
interstate trade services in the hills, so if a package were to be sent to the Hmong people then the
product would only be received if the person transported it themselves. The government refuses
to incorporate trade into this area, which means that they do not get the services that the other
cities do. There are no specific laws that include the ethnic minorities because the government
does not recognize them at all.

12. For Homeless Heroes to aid the ethnic minorities, they would have to travel to Vietnam.
The Homeless Heroes team would have to gather products in the urban cities and drive up to the
hills, because there is no other transportation. This would also allow the Vietnam government to
be excluded from the Homeless Heroes’ plans, and it would make it simpler to donate to the
ethnic minorities whom are being oppressed by the Vietnamese government.
B. Trade area and cultural analysis
1. Geographic and demographic information
Physical make-up
The physical geography of Vietnam played a major role during the war, especially
because of the terrain and weather climates that brought up many challenges to the American
forces. Vietnam is part of the Indochinese Peninsula; this peninsula stretches 1650 meters from
the north to the south. The highest peak is Fansipan which is about 3142 meters located, and it is
located in the extreme northwest of the highlands.

13. This country is split into eight different regions, including Northeast, Northwest, Red
River Delta, North Central Coast, South Central Coast, Central Highlands, Southeast, and the
Mekong River Delta. The Mekong River Delta lies a flat, but fertile plain called, ​The Southern
Lowland and in the North, the red river delta is also a flat plain called,​ The Tonkin Lowland. The
Annan Cordillera mountain range starts in the North and runs South along the Laos and Vietnam
border where it spreads out to form the central highlands, and the south central coast lies
between the Annan Cordillera range and the South China sea.
The diversity of the vegetation reflects the changes in climate and soils throughout the
country. Troops had to advance through mangroves, bamboo, teak, palms, and elephant grass,
which is tall razor sharp grass found in the highlands of Vietnam as they went up the hills. These
types of vegetation often slowed them down, but it provided great cover for them and the Viet
Cong during battles, which allowed them to easily conceal themselves from airstrikes and
infantry units.
Demographics
The Hmong people originated in China 3,000 years ago and have migrated towards South
East Asia, so they have lots of different cultures that are broad. They migrated in the 19th
century specifically to Vietnam’s hills because the Chinese were persecuting the different ethnic
groups.
The Hmong People are tribes that travel together when they migrate so they have very
close family traditions. The Hmong people’s major religion is Animism, so they respect nature

14. and agriculture. The animistic religion caused their cities to decrease in urbanization because
they believe that all things have a soul. This made it difficult to destroy land in the hills to make
urban cities.
With our care kits with guides, this may encourage the Hmong people to expand their
own horizons. They would learn how to develop their language because their language did not
develop until the 1950s. These new manufacturing techniques that they will use to make their
own clothing may be a learning experience. That could encourage more urban ideas in the tribes.
2. Market segment analysis target market
In choosing a location within Vietnam to help, we considered several factors. The most
important were income and accessibility to basic needs. All of the following led us to our ideal
destination of the mountains where the ethnic minorities live. These people are oppressed and are
only provided with a bare minimum of rights. Providing the Hmong people with benefits that

15. people do not usually donate will be the exact aid that the ethnic minorities need. Health benefits,
job opportunities, and fabric will be given in June 2016.
Our assistance to the Hmong people will give them a better physical life which will
enhance them mentally also. Our help will show the ethnic minorities in Vietnam that there are
other countries willing to help them stop the oppression from the Vietnamese government. The
country’s present population is about 80 million and about 13% of the population (consists of
fifty-three different ethnic groups) live in the mountainous area which means about 13% of all
the people are struggling and are in need of help. The ethnic minorities who live in the
mountainous areas of Vietnam currently are not being provided with national security, education,
and doctors and dentists. We should unite our efforts to help provide these basic benefits for the
ethnic minorities.
3. Analysis of potential location
When implementing our nonprofit organization in the mountainous areas of Vietnam, we
will be aiding the ethnic minorities without governmental interference. The United States’

16. business affairs are laissez-faire, so the government does not interfere with our business. The
Vietnamese government does oversees the corporations in Vietnam, but not the sole
proprietorships because there are too many, since most families in Vietnam make a living off of
that. With all of the sole proprietorships that usually happen in homes, the government does not
regulate these businesses. So, when Homeless Heroes goes to Vietnam, we will will travel from
the urban cities to the hills by our own risks.
In 2001, the United States and Vietnam signed the Bilateral Trade Agreement. This
document went over the trade in goods, protection of intellectual property rights, trade in
services, investment protection, business facilitation and transparency. The Bilateral Trade
Agreement, written by the World Trade Organization, allows equal trade between the United
States and Vietnam. This allows fair competition between markets for products, businesses, and
nationals. This agreement decreased tariffs from Vietnam and the United States, which made it
easier to transport products between the countries.

17. Even though this agreement allows trade between the United States and Vietnam, it does
not affect the Hmong people. The Hmong people live in the hills which has no new and
improved technology, so they must depend on their agriculture. Without new technology, the
ethnic minorities are ignorant to these laws that are implied in the territory.
IV. PLANNED OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED BUSINESS

18. A. Proposed organization
Homeless Heroes ​targets marginalized minorities in Vietnam who are living in
impoverished or destitute states. Homeless Heroes is a registered non​profit organization in the
state of Maryland, therefore they are exempt from income taxes. All of the profits that the
organization earns directly goes towards the donations and process fees. The profits from
Homeless Heroes are raised through fundraisers and donations from others.
Homeless Heroes aids ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia, but from 2009-2016 we will
only be targeting Vietnam. Once this organization expands and earns more volunteers, then we
will expand our boundaries. These events will heighten our popularity around the United States.
We will be going to Buon Ma Duong, Vietnam in June 2016 to deliver care kits for our
next project. Buon Ma Duong is where the Hmong people live in the hills. They will be receiving
these packages at the town center. There select number of Hmong people who are eligible to gain
financial aid will be the ones who receive these kits. The kits will cost $1,300.00, and we will
fundraise the money through an event that will be held in January 2016 at a public library. In

19. total at the event, we will make $1,750. The remaining money will go towards transaction fees
and shipping for the products.
B. Proposed product
1. Details of the product(s) to be offered
2. How the product/supplies will be transported to/from the home country
We will distribute our care kits through Fedex and our own transportation. FedEx
will ship our produIn order to help the less fortunate Hmong people our non-profit organization,
Homeless Heroes, will be providing some of these people with a care kit. Our are kit will include
many essentials, such as sling bags to put all the items in, Kleenex tissue, cotton white fabric,
water bottle, deodorant, soap, and a toothbrush. Altogether this will cost about $1,300.00. We
will raise money to pay for the care kits by holding an event at a local library that will ultimately
raise awareness to people around our area while raising money.
The products in total with tax and transaction fees will approximately cost us $1,603.70.
With this said, we will also fundraise extra money for the rest of the transaction fees and taxes.
We will purchase 250 items from each category in our care kits from wholesalers. With the
purchase from wholesalers, the prices of the products will go down because the quantity
increased.
The care kits without tax and transaction fees will cost us $1,300.00. Per item, the sling
bags will be $00.65, the Kleenex tissue will be $00.78, cotton white fabric per 3 yards is $01.20,
the water bottle is $00.57, the deodorant is $01.00 per stick, the soap is $00.50 per bar, and the
toothbrush is $00.50.

20. cts from Laurel, Maryland to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Since this city is one of the most
urbanized cities in Vietnam, the city will have many post offices. The products would be shipped
to a post office in this city.
The Homeless Heroes staff will then pick up the care packages at the post office and
transport it to Buon Ma Duong, Vietnam. We would rent a car or a van in Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam and carry these packages up to the hills where the Hmong people live. The only
transportation that will use to head up to the hills would car transportation because there are no
airports in the hills.
Once we get to Buon Ma Duong, Vietnam, we will then leave the care packages in the
town center where we will later distribute them. The town center is in the middle of the hills
where the Hmong people live and gather. This will be the most convenient place to distribute our
care kits to the impoverished Hmong people.
C. Proposed strategies
1. Proposed pricing policies
The products will be packaged and bought in the United States. We will buy our products
from wholesalers and partner with FedEx. Buying from wholesalers in bulk will decrease the
prices of the products. Homeless Heroes will be donating 250 care kits, so 250 items will be
purchased in each category.
The wholesale prices will be marked down when the consumer buys more products. This
will help Homeless Heroes since we are buying multiple products for our organization. Also,
Homeless Heroes will contact the owner of the wholesalers to gain more discounts because of
the philanthropic project. With the help of the wholesalers, Homeless Heroes will announce their

21. names when the care packages are given out so the wholesalers will be advertised. The
wholesalers and Homeless Heroes will collaborate, which later gains more popularity on both
sides.
FedEx is a shipping company that is highly known for their help in philanthropy projects.
Homeless Heroes will contact the philanthropy center to partner up so they can send the care kits
to an urban city in Vietnam for free. The shipments will come from the United States to Ho Chi
Minh City, which will then be picked up by the Homeless Heroes staff. The staff will then drive
a car up to the hills, because that is the only transportation available. In total, the prices of the
care kits will be $1,300.
2. Proposed promotional program
To spread more detail about this event, Homeless Heroes will be holding an event to
spread awareness on the issues of oppression occurring in Vietnam. This event will be held in a
public library where tickets and food will help fund the planned procedure in Vietnam. Homeless
Heroes will talk about the dangers that the Hmong people go through, and they will announce
when the volunteers will go to Vietnam to carry out the care kits.

22. The event to raise awareness will occur in January 2016 and this is also when the money
will be collected to execute these procedures. There will be a presale for the tickets, which will
cost $7.00 per person in order for them to attend the event. If they would like to attend the event
and they have not paid, they can buy the ticket the day of the event for $8.00. The approximate
amount of money that may be made from admission tickets will be $750.00.
Food will also be served with purchase at the event. The foods that will be served are
Chick-Fil-A, chips, and drinks. Homeless Heroes may partner with Chick-Fil-A so they could
earn a certain amount of money, and chips and drinks will be bought in bulk from Costco. The
approximate money that may be made from food is $1030.00.
After earning the money, Homeless Heroes will begin the purchasing products between
February to May of 2016. The wholesale companies that we will use to buy these products are
Discount Mugs, BJ’s, Alibaba, Dollar General, and Dollar Tree. There will approximately be
$1750.00 made from the event. The $1300.00 will go towards the care kits, while the extra

23. $303.70 (with the subtraction of $146.30 used to pay for the foods bought at the event) will go
towards the transaction fees.
In June 2016, the Homeless Heroes will fund their way to Vietnam and meet in Ho Chi
Minh City. When the Homeless Heroes’ staff arrives, the care kits that FedEx delivered to
Vietnam will be there too. The staff will obtain all of these kits and pack it into an automobile
and drive up to the hills. When the Homeless Heroes’ staff have arrived in Buon Ma Duong,
Vietnam, they would set up a meeting with the Hmong people in the town center. For all of the
Hmong people that qualify for poverty, they would then receive care kits for their families and
themselves.

24. V. PLANNED FINANCING
In order to provide the Hmong people with the materials needed to make basic items and
necessities for a better life, we must gather volunteers from Homeless Heroes who can work
together to raise the money needed to fund for the care packages and other donations. We are
going to get the money needed for the donations by holding an event to spread awareness. For
example, we can have a presentation about the issues that the Hmong people are going through
and play clips related to the issues in Vietnam. It would be practical to hold this event in a public
library, so there wouldn't be fees that we have to pay. After showing the educational clips, we
can answer any questions regarding the problems and inform the audience of different actions
they can take to help these oppressed people.

25. Throughout the event we can collect any donations made from the audience or even the
money earned from the food and drinks that the guests buy at the event and put 100% of both the
donations and the money from selling food and drinks towards the funds for the Hmong people.
Homeless Heroes would take out a loan of $146.30 for the foods that will be bought for the
event, and later use the extra $450.00 that will be made at the event. This would then leave us
with $303.70 for transaction fees. Homeless Heroes would approximately make $1,000.00 from
the foods and drinks. The foods and drinks, from Costco and Chick-fil-A, at the event will be:
I. Two boxes of Doritos (150 bags, $1.00 per bag) for $40.20
II. Three boxes of Sprite (120 bottles, $1.50 per drink) for $91.10
III. Chick-fil-A Chicken Sandwich for $7.00
IV. Chick-fil-A Nuggets for $8.00
The pre-sale admission fees per person would be $7.00, and $8.00 for at the door tickets.
We will get this event known by putting signs up in local areas, like public libraries, schools,
grocery stores, word of mouth, and the usage of social networks (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook,
etc). If 100 people show up to this event we would potentially make about $1,750.00 for the care
kits and transaction fees.
Using the $1,300.00, we will be able to fund for all of the items included in the care kit.
Pricings for each item is as included:
I. Sling bags ($00.65 per bag)
II. Kleenex tissue ($00.78 per box)
III. Cotton white fabric ($01.20 per 3 yards for one person)
IV. Water bottle ($00.57 per bottle)

26. V. Deodorant ($01.00 per stick)
VI. Soap ($00.50 per bar)
VII. Toothbrush ($00.50 per brush)
The total cost for 250 people who will receive the care kit adds up to be about $1,300.00.
Although the money earned from the event covers all of the fees for the items we will send over,
we will only have $303.70 left over from the event after subtracting the prices of the items for
the care kit. All of the leftover money will be spent toward the transaction fees, taxes, and
shipping.

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