Therefore, however, it is very interesting to continue the topic of "greases" with this new article in describing the complex phenomenon of the failure of an EPB-TBM in the tail.
Let's start this article with the problems of water infiltration through cracks that occur in prefabricated segments after the assembly phase in a new tunnel under construction.
As illustrated several times, in tunnels, especially in metropolitan areas, it very often happens that excavation works must be carried out below the aquifer level, sometimes at quite high pressures. This is a problem that requires a lot of attention on the part of the designer and the executors, since due to the presence of a pitch, the following can occur:
- problems during the excavation phase;
- problems related to alteration of the aquifer;
- problems with infiltration through the joints and / or cracks that occur in the prefabricated segments due to poor execution of the same or for other reasons.
Recupero degli altari della chiesa di Santa Maria La Nova - Terlizzifestamaggiore
Il 26 marzo 2011, dopo oltre 18 lunghi mesi di paziente ed attento restauro sono stati presentati alla cittadinanza i risultati di un'importante campagna di recupero all'interno della chiesa di Santa Maria la Nova.
Il lavoro, partito con il recupero della scultura lignea dell'Immacolata, ha poi interessato il maestoso dossale ligneo (Altare de Viti) in cui è ubicata la scultura per poi concludersi con il restauro e la manutenzione straordinaria della bellissima cornice barocca dell'altare della Madonna del Rosario.
Therefore, however, it is very interesting to continue the topic of "greases" with this new article in describing the complex phenomenon of the failure of an EPB-TBM in the tail.
Let's start this article with the problems of water infiltration through cracks that occur in prefabricated segments after the assembly phase in a new tunnel under construction.
As illustrated several times, in tunnels, especially in metropolitan areas, it very often happens that excavation works must be carried out below the aquifer level, sometimes at quite high pressures. This is a problem that requires a lot of attention on the part of the designer and the executors, since due to the presence of a pitch, the following can occur:
- problems during the excavation phase;
- problems related to alteration of the aquifer;
- problems with infiltration through the joints and / or cracks that occur in the prefabricated segments due to poor execution of the same or for other reasons.
Recupero degli altari della chiesa di Santa Maria La Nova - Terlizzifestamaggiore
Il 26 marzo 2011, dopo oltre 18 lunghi mesi di paziente ed attento restauro sono stati presentati alla cittadinanza i risultati di un'importante campagna di recupero all'interno della chiesa di Santa Maria la Nova.
Il lavoro, partito con il recupero della scultura lignea dell'Immacolata, ha poi interessato il maestoso dossale ligneo (Altare de Viti) in cui è ubicata la scultura per poi concludersi con il restauro e la manutenzione straordinaria della bellissima cornice barocca dell'altare della Madonna del Rosario.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Hjhh
1. di intonaci dipinti e...
di mattoni
nova in età preindustriale hanno riservato
nche se poco evidente, e capace, comunque,
istenza materiale e l’efficienza strutturale
profilo d’ingombro
del vano del terzo
livello
mentate a Genova, a partire dal XIV se- mente ma non si esaurì del tutto. I pro- negrisoli, mattoni dritti ferrioli, m
colo, seguono un’evoluzione com- dotti in laterizio diffusi e impiegati nel- toni giovani, chiappelle negre ferr
plessa e ancora ricca di interrogativi. l’edilizia cittadina provenivano da una chiappelle dritte” ufficialmente d
La tecnica muraria consolidatasi du- serie di fornaci dislocate a Prato, in Val nel 1625 da un’ordinanza comuna
rante il medioevo era caratterizzata da Bisagno, a Pra, a Palmaro, a Pegli e a Le leggi e i decreti emessi dalle M
un sistema strutturale a setti a cui si Voltri, nella riviera di Ponente e sulla strature Comunali fissavano inoltr
affiancavano esempi di strutture pun- riva sinistra del Polcevera, in corri- gide condizioni sulla produzione
tiformi, a pilastri e archi a sesto acuto spondenza di uno dei depositi argillosi mattoni, obbligando al rispetto d
a tutti i piani dell’edificio. A quest’e- più estesi della Liguria. La produzione prezzi e dei modelli, rappresentat
poca la pietra squadrata costituiva in e il commercio dei mattoni e degli altri dalle “misure di ferro, che si cons
que ad un uso di tipo specialistico, che genere le strutture a piano terra men- prodotti in laterizio furono sottoposti, vano per autentico in Camera”.(4)
si fondava su una consolidata cultura tre per i piani superiori si prediligeva il almeno a partire dal Cinquecento, ad A più riprese, dal Cinquecento al
tecnico-esecutiva degli operatori e mattone.(1) L’epidemia di peste nera una serie di rigide disposizioni norma- cento, fu comunque necessario i
sulla consapevolezza delle sue caratte- che colpì la città a metà del Trecento, tive, periodicamente aggiornate. La porre il prezzo dei prodotti in late
ristiche fisiche e del suo comporta- con disastrose conseguenze demogra- Magistratura dei Censori(2) ricopriva un in funzione della tipologia, della
mento nel tempo. La limitata disponi- fiche ed economiche ancora non ade- fondamentale ruolo di controllo sulla lità e della cottura. Solo all’inizio
bilità di risorse e di materie prime im- guatamente valutate, ebbe senza dub- produzione, sulla qualità, sui prezzi e Settecento la produzione del cott
poneva infatti ai costruttori di moltipli- bio un peso rilevante nel condizionare sulle regole di smercio dei prodotti in definitivamente regolamentata da
care le soluzioni tecniche possibili a lo sviluppo anche delle tecniche co- laterizio, che potevano essere sbarcati serie di imposizioni sulla materia
2. muretto d’attico
za reticolare
caditoia per il passaggio
delle acque meteoriche
manto di coperture in
abbadini di ardesia in
triplice strato
dormiente
volte a botte con
testata di padiglione
rinfianco in materiale
muratura in pietra a detritico
spacco a “scapoli e
tocchetti”
dere, di legno, che consentiva una più rantire la regolarità dell’apertura. stema distributivo dei singoli alloggi o cessario non caricare eccessivam
regolare posa in opera dell’arco ribas- L’adozione del mattone pieno serviva dell’intera fabbrica. Il sistema a setti in le strutture esistenti, che pure sar
sato destinato alla rimarginatura supe- poi in genere a risolvere i casi di di- muratura portante con sezione decre- bero state adeguatamente rinforz
riore dell’apertura e alla ripartizione scontinuità muraria, per i tampona- scente dal basso verso l’alto impo- per mezzo di pilastri murari, in co
dei carichi verticali sulle spalle murarie menti e per una serie di usi speciali- neva, per le strutture murarie in eleva- spondenza dei punti di massima s
laterali. Il costruttore di età preindu- stici. L’uso puntuale e circoscritto del zione di sezione inferiore ai quaranta citazione conseguente all’aument
striale era peraltro consapevole del- mattone riguardava anche la costru- centimetri, l’adozione di un materiale volume.
l’impegno tecnico necessario all’ese- zione delle scale, dal momento che la da costruzione di dimensioni più omo- Con la costruzione di tramezzi in
cuzione delle aperture e della funzione struttura degli scalini era in genere co- genee della pietra a spacco ma in toni pieni si risolveva poi il proble
che il sistema muro-bucatura avrebbe stituita da muretti in mattoni con riem- grado di garantire comunque la stabi- della distribuzione interna degli e
giocato nel complesso equilibrio sta- pimento di malta e detriti, mentre la lità a muri relativamente sottili. La tec- In occasione di interventi condotti
tico della scatola muraria come testi- realizzazione di muri omogenei in mat- nica costruttiva fondata sull’uso del riodicamente per trasformare le c
moniano gli antichi capitolati: “in ogni toni intonacati poteva riguardare, in al- mattone fu adottata indistintamente in zioni di fruibilità delle abitazioni s
facciata tanto alli grandi quanto alli cuni casi, la scatola muraria del corpo molti casi di sopraelevazione, sia in dava così al mattone la soluzione
quadri a tutti si facciano li loro archi de scala.(6) edifici privati sia in edifici pubblici nuovi muri divisori. Gli interventi
mattoni ferrioli e di essi ancora le pila- come Palazzo Ducale. In molte circo- andavano ad intaccare un equilibr
strate di dette finestre e tutto ciò con i muri sottili in mattoni L’esigenza stanze le specifiche tecniche dei capi- statico consolidatosi nel tempo d
diligenza come cosa di molta impor- di costruire strutture murarie di se- tolati dei lavori del XVI e del XVII se- vano infatti garantire la massima l
tanza...”.(5) La struttura irregolare della zione contenuta veniva in genere ri- colo contengono precisazioni sul tipo gerezza della struttura aggiunta c
3. I disegni di queste
pagine sono tratti da (8).
lato, ruscellando sul manto di abbadini e dei camini. Nei tradizionali tetti a elementi costruttivi con funzione Una fasciatura di mattoni a differ
del sottostante tetto a falde, arriva al falde il sistema di deflusso delle acque speciale Il mattone si è dimostrato an- spessore e un doppio strato di int
sistema di deflusso in modo da evitare piovane è in parte affidato al muretto che un ottimo materiale da costruzione naco con caratteristiche idraulich
qualsiasi tipo di infiltrazione nelle d’attico, generalmente costruito in per risolvere problemi derivanti da in- garantivano l’impermeabilità alle
strutture sottostanti. Il sistema di mu- mattoni pieni a due teste, rivestito da filtrazioni d’acqua e per contrastare il reti perimetrali mentre a terra si a
retti a “castello di carte” era adottato intonaco e protetto da lastre di arde- rischio di incendi. tava in genere una pavimentazion
in alcune circostanze per coprire com- sia, ma anche il camino con cappello a Il problema dell’umidità e, in generale, di mattoni a duplice sovrapposizi
pletamente il tetto a falde con terrazze vento, in ardesia, ha una struttura in- la presenza indesiderata di acqua allo resa ancor più efficace da un ulter
praticabili (edificio in piazza Sarzano, terna di mattoni che costituisce il cas- stato liquido o sotto forma pavimento in lastre di ardesia.
n° 19), o solo in corrispondenza degli settone di contenimento delle canne di vapor acqueo erano risolti con
abbaini. fumarie.(8) soluzioni tecniche basate sull’uso l’impiego del mattone contro i
Mattoni pieni venivano adottati anche Anche la realizzazione dei cornicioni, del mattone.(9) schio di incendio La sperimenta
per la costruzione del muretto d’attico rigidamente vincolata dalle disposi- La barriera al vapore delle pareti verti- del mattone pieno contro il peric
zioni della magistratura cittadina com- cali in pietra “a scapoli e tocchetti” si
petente in materia urbanistica, richie- otteneva per mezzo di una semplice
deva in molti casi soluzioni costruttive controparete o rifodera di mattoni
fondate sull’uso del mattone pieno, pieni, generalmente disposti di col-
scelto per le sue caratteristiche dimen- tello, rivestita in alcuni casi da uno
sionali e per la sua maneggevolezza. strato di bitume e costruita in corri-
La struttura del cornicione poteva per- spondenza della parete umida,
ciò essere formata da una semplice os- lasciando una camera d’aria sufficiente
satura di mattoni pieni disposti pro- a garantire la circolazione d’aria anche
gressivamente a sbalzo in corrispon- in assenza di fori di aerazione.
denza degli ultimi corsi del muro. Nelle Alla realizzazione di intercapedini o ca-
soluzioni più complesse il cornicione mere d’aria a pavimento concorreva il
era invece costituito da un’ossatura di sistema dei muretti a “castello di-
4. Salita delle Battistine, una delle più ampie
“creuse” genovesi di mattoni e ciottoli.
Ponte Caffaro: il mattone continua
ad essere sfruttato durante l’Ottocento
per la realizzazione delle grandi
infrastrutture urbane.
Mattoni, chiapelle, ottangoli, qua- cioé di garantire una maggiore durata guidate da Tiziano Mannoni (data- Note
dretti, lagionetti, furono ampiamente anche in relazione alla manutenzione. zione delle murature di Palazzo Du-
1. G.V. Galliani, Tecnologia del costruire
impiegati per il rivestimento di am- Per concludere si può annotare che in cale, del complesso di San Silvestro, genovese, Sagep, Genova, 1984, pp. 9-12.
bienti interni, dove prevaleva la dispo- età preindustriale, a Genova, il mat- di San Gerolamo a Quarto, del chio- 2.La Magistratura dei Censori (citata per l
sizione in piano. Le pavimentazioni tone fu impiegato in modo sistema- stro di San Matteo, ecc.). volta in un decreto del 1363) aveva, tra gli
compito di disciplinare il commercio al min
degli spazi all’aperto, come atrii, tico, estendendo il suo uso ad interi Il ruolo assunto dagli elementi co- generi di prima necessità, controllava le
rampe, cortili, piazze e strade erano elementi costruttivi ma più frequente- struttivi in laterizio può essere per- inquinanti e la produzione artigianale per
invece generalmente realizzate con mente relegandolo in posizioni secon- tanto interpretato come una fragile ma tire la costante qualità merceologica dei
fatti; interveniva inoltre nella legalizzazion
mattoni “ferrioli” disposti di coltello, darie, puntuali o collaboranti con altre importante chiave di lettura per la
unità di misura e custodiva i prototipi vigila
per migliorare strutture, non destinate a caratteriz- comprensione degli aspetti meno ap- finché i pesi non venissero contraffatti.
le caratteristiche di resistenza mecca- zare l’aspetto visibile di un edificio o pariscenti di molte strutture “nasco- 3.Sul tema della produzione e dell’impie
mattone si veda C.Montagni, Costruire in
nica alle sollecitazioni, agli urti e della città se non in casi eccezionali, ste”, che hanno concorso in maniera
Materiali e tecniche degli antichi maestri
all’usura.(12) ma a definire profondamente la loro significativa alla costruzione e alla tori, Sagep, Genova, 1990, corredato di un
La scelta della pavimentazione degli consistenza materiale e la loro effi- modificazione degli edifici e della città appendice documentaria di leggi e decreti
ambienti interni o esterni era in ogni cienza strutturale. nel corso della sua storia. Dopo aver 4.“Ordini e capitoli per la fabrica de ma
chiappelle e loro misura e meta si in la Citt
caso legata a considerazioni di carat- Non a caso la mensiocronologia,(13) rivestito un’importante funzione nella in tutto il Dominio”. C. Montagni, op. cit.
tere tecnico, in funzione della destina- il metodo di datazione assoluta dei costruzione della Genova medievale, a pp.275-276.
zione d’uso dei singoli locali. Così, ad mattoni fondato sull’elaborazione sta- partire dal Cinquecento il mattone ha 5.Capitolato per la fabbrica del palazzo d
Serra a Sampierdarena del 5-2-1613 riport
esempio, nelle cucine, negli ambienti tistica delle loro dimensioni lineari infatti assunto un ruolo meno palese
volume di A. Di Raimondo, L. Muller Profum