The document provides a history of the emergence of entrepreneurship from the earliest periods to the 19th and 20th centuries. It traces how the definition and understanding of an entrepreneur has evolved over time. In the earliest period, entrepreneurs like Marco Polo acted as go-betweens in trade. In the Middle Ages, entrepreneurs managed large construction projects. In the 17th century, Richard Cantillon defined entrepreneurs as risk-takers. Notable entrepreneurs included John Law and Eli Whitney. By the 18th century, entrepreneurs were distinguished from capital providers. In the 19th-20th centuries, entrepreneurs were viewed as innovators and the notion of innovation became integral to entrepreneurship.
Part One of Entrepreneurship Lecture Notes on Students Enterprise Club at www.studentsenterpriseclub.com.
This is a Study guide for intending Entrepreneurs.
Part One of Entrepreneurship Lecture Notes on Students Enterprise Club at www.studentsenterpriseclub.com.
This is a Study guide for intending Entrepreneurs.
This topic is related to Business, which is Entrepreneurship development. It can refer by any technical & Management students. It is useful for B.Tech and MBA students under BPUT Syllabus 2014
The major functions of an entrepreneur are given below: Functions of an entrepreneur. Organizing functions: Organizing is the part of managing that involves establishing intentional structures of a role for people in an organization. The entrepreneur is responsible for organizing the activities necessary for ht production of goods and services.
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as an entrepreneur is getting into business there difficulties in order to penetrate the chosen market or business. it has solutions in how to overcome the barriers.
Introduction to entreprenershipunit i to vanandmohandass
Introduction, Meaning Characteristics, Factors, Functions, Types, Challenges, Women Entrepreneurship, MSMEs, Business Plan & Model, Feasibility analysis, etc..
This topic is related to Business, which is Entrepreneurship development. It can refer by any technical & Management students. It is useful for B.Tech and MBA students under BPUT Syllabus 2014
The major functions of an entrepreneur are given below: Functions of an entrepreneur. Organizing functions: Organizing is the part of managing that involves establishing intentional structures of a role for people in an organization. The entrepreneur is responsible for organizing the activities necessary for ht production of goods and services.
functions of entrepreneurship pdf
functions of entrepreneurship
functions of entrepreneurs in business
role of entrepreneurship in society
functions of an entrepreneur pdf
types of entrepreneurship
benefits of entrepreneurship to the economy
main functions of entrepreneurs
functions of an entrepreneur
functions of entrepreneurs in business
main functions of entrepreneurs
major functions of the entrepreneur
functions of entrepreneurship pdf
roles of an entrepreneur
entrepreneur notes pdf
characteristics of an entrepreneur
as an entrepreneur is getting into business there difficulties in order to penetrate the chosen market or business. it has solutions in how to overcome the barriers.
Introduction to entreprenershipunit i to vanandmohandass
Introduction, Meaning Characteristics, Factors, Functions, Types, Challenges, Women Entrepreneurship, MSMEs, Business Plan & Model, Feasibility analysis, etc..
this gives a edp in india
all the details regarding the growth of entrerpreneurship devolopment is available in this project.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Speaker: Veronika Litinski, MaRS Advisor
High tech entrepreneurs need 5 essential communication tools:
* the "elevator pitch"
* the executive summary
* the presentation
* the technical white paper
* the business plan
This lecture focuses on how to create them, and how to use them effectively to grow your business from an idea to a funded business plan.
Part of the CIBC Presents Entrepreneurship 101 lecture series. For more information on this event, including video see http://www.marsdd.com/Events/Event-Calendar/Ent101/2009/written-tools-02112009.html
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850More steel- s.docxannetnash8266
Accelerating the Industrial Revolution, 1800-1850
More steel- steam
engine and smelting
Railroads- First RR was
built in 1823 to connect
Manchester with the
nearby port of Liverpool
Repeal of the Corn Laws,
Poor Laws, 1832-1846
Stockton-Darlington locomotive, 1825
American locomotive, 1850
Iron and railroads led to steel bridges and road improvements
Chemicals:
Gas lights, fueled by gas extracted from coal, were installed in London, 1812-1820
Sulfuric Acid and Bleach for the textile industry were developed in between 1790-1830
Portland cement, and improvement over traditional concrete, was developed in 1824
SS Royal William, the first ship to cross the Atlantic under steam-power, from Nova Scotia to Liverpool, 1833
Pollution
Great Stink, 1858
Discontent and Organized Labor
Luddites, Manchester, 1811-12, led a series of riots protesting the use of steam engines in textile mills and the resulting unemployment.
Workers’ Unions were illegal in the UK until 1824.
The Chartist movement of the 1830s and 1840s represented the first real effort to build a labor union, and organized the first wide-spread labor strike in 1846.
In 1844, Frederick Engels, the son of a textile factory owner, published his Condition of the Working Class in England, one of the founding works of Socialism.
Reform of Working Conditions
Factory Acts of 1802, 1833-
1)Children under 8 can’t work
2)Children 8-13 can only work 8 hours per day, but only from 6AM to 9PM (max work week of 58 hours)
3)Children 13-18 can work twelve hours per day (max work week of 70 hours)
4) The employers of child-labor must send them to school at least once per week for the first four years of their employment (this was expanded to two hours per day).
Factory Act of 1844-
Women and children (13-18) not allowed to work beyond 58 hours per week.
Factory Act of 1847- The ten hour work day
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Great fan of reforming industrial labor conditions
Ran his own mill town of New Lanark, Scotland, as an example of how fair treatment and investment in the lives and education of workers could alleviate the social problems of capitalism.
Believed poverty could be solved
by the creation of new villages
for the poor based on the
old principle of commonly-held
lands.
Edwin Chadwick
Member of Poor Laws Commission, but bitterly rejected the reform of the Poor Laws in 1832
Published The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population in 1842, complaining about working and living conditions in London and other cities.
Made commissioner of the Metropolitan Sewer District, which built London’s modern sewage system
Ireland and Enclosures
During the eighteenth century, English and Irish-protestant landlords pursued a policy of increasing cash rents or enclosures for sheep farming, dispossessing large swaths of the Irish peasantry.
Many moved to England,
looking for employment in
the cities.
Ireland under British Liberalism
Agricultural Revolut.
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History Of Entreprenures
1.
2. HISTORY OF ENTREPRENURSHIP EMERGENCE The word entrepreneur is French and, literally translated, means “between taker” or “go-between Earliest period An early example of the earliest definition of an entrepreneur as a go-between is Marco Polo, who attempted to establish trade routes to the Far East. As a go-between, Marco Polo would sign a contract with a money person (forerunner of today’s venture capitalist) to sell his goods. A common contract during this time provided a loan to the merchant–adventurer at a 22.5 percent rate, including insurance. While the capitalist was a passive risk bearer, the merchant–adventurer took the active role in trading, bearing all the physical and emotional risks
3. Middle Ages In the Middle Ages, the term entrepreneur was used to describe both an actor and a person who managed large production projects. A typical entrepreneur in the Middle Ages was the cleric—the person in charge of great architectural works, such as castles and fortifications, public buildings, abbeys, and cathedrals.
4. 17th Century Richard Cantillon, a noted economist and author in the 1700s, Cantillon developed one of the early theories of the entrepreneur and is regarded by some as the founder of the term. He viewed the entrepreneur as a risk taker, observing that merchants, farmers, craftsmen, and other sole proprietors “buy at a certain price and sell at an uncertain price, therefore operating at a risk.”
5. One entrepreneur in this period was John Law, a Frenchman, who was allowed to establish a royal bank. The bank eventually evolved into an exclusive franchise to form a trading company in the New World—the Mississippi Company. Unfortunately, this monopoly on French trade led to Law’s downfall when he attempted to push the company’s stock price higher than the value of its assets, leading to the collapse of the company.
6. 18th Century In the 18th century, the person with capital was differentiated from the one who needed capital. In other words, the entrepreneur was distinguished from the capital provider (the present-day venture capitalist). One reason for this differentiation was the industrialization occurring throughout the world. Many of the inventions developed during this time were reactions to the changing world, as was the case with the inventions of Eli Whitney and Thomas Edison.
7. Both Whitney and Edison were developing new technologies and were unable to finance their inventions themselves. Whereas Whitney financed his cotton gin with expropriated British crown property, Edison raised capital from private sources to develop and experiment in the fields of electricity and chemistry. Both Edison and Whitney were capital users (entrepreneurs), not providers (venture capitalists). A venture capitalist is a professional money manager who makes risk investments from a pool of equity capital to obtain a high rate of return on the investments.
8. 19th and 20th Century In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, entrepreneurs were frequently not distinguished from managers and were viewed mostly from an economic perspective. Andrew Carnegie is one of the best examples of this definition. Carnegie invented nothing, but rather adapted and developed new technology in the creation of products to achieve economic vitality. Carnegie, who descended from a poor Scottish family, made the American steel industry one of the wonders of the industrial world, primarily through his unremitting competitiveness rather than his inventiveness or creativity.
9. 19th and 20th century In the middle of the 20th century, the notion of an entrepreneur as an innovator was established: The function of the entrepreneur is to reform or revolutionize the pattern of production by exploiting an invention or, more generally, an untried technological method of producing a new commodity or producing an old one in a new way, opening a new source of supply of materials or a new outlet for products, by organizing a new industry. The concept of innovation and newness is an integral part of entrepreneurship in this definition. Indeed, innovation, the act of introducing something new, is one of the most difficult tasks for the entrepreneur. It takes not only the ability to create and conceptualize but also the ability to understand all the forces at work in the environment This ability to innovate can be observed throughout history, from the Egyptians who designed and built great pyramids out of stone blocks weighing many tons each, to the Apollo lunar module, to laser surgery, to wireless communication.
10. 19th and 20th Century David McClelland “a person who organizes and maintains a business undertaking assuming the risks for the sake of profit”. William Bygrave “an entrepreneur is someone who perceives an opportunity and creates an organization to pursue it”. William Gartner The entrepreneur theme is the idea that entrepreneurship involves individuals with unique personality characteristics and abilities”
11. Jean Baptist Say “the bringing together of the factors of production with the provision of management and the bearing of the risks associated with the venture”. Joseph A. Schumpeter “to found a private kingdom... the will to conquer, the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to others, to succeed for the sake of it, and not for the fruits of success itself... finally there is the joy of creating of getting things done or simply exercising one’s energy and ingenuity”. Alfred Marshalls someone who “combines through vigorous activity the factors of production, labor and capital so as to produce an increased output of goods and services thereby increasing the total wealth or material welfare of society”.