A man received a face transplant at the University of Maryland Medical Center that took 36 hours and included his upper and lower jawbone, teeth, and a portion of his tongue. This was one of the most extensive face transplants to date, as most previous transplants only involved soft tissue. The surgeons plan to monitor the man's recovery in the hospital for about a month.
11/14/08 FAX TO UNITED STATES BARACK OBAMAVogelDenise
11/14/08 FAX TO UNITED STATES BARACK OBAMA
Information Obama and Legal Counsel (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest.
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHostin.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS and other crimes of United States Government Officials.
Obama read my lips -obama fraudgate (hindi)VogelDenise
इसलिए अमेरिका के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के रूप में एक देश में, कैसे दो परिवारों (क्लिंटन और बुश) कर रहे हैं और उनके वकीलों / एटोर्नी (बेकर Donelson Bearman काल्डवेल और Berkowitz) सत्ता में बने रहने के लिए अनुमति दी, एक सरकारी अपहरण और राष्ट्र (घरेलू और विदेशी) आतंकित और नागरिकों को इस तरह के आतंकवादी गतिविधियों को बंधक पकड़? व्हाइट हाउस में उनके चचेरे भाई (बराक ओबामा) के साथ - अब इस तरह के आतंकवादी शासन को उखाड़ फेंकने का समय आ गया है: http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/hindi-040412
हां, अमेरिका बनाम चीन संघर्ष के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के भ्रष्ट सरकारी अधिकारियों की राज्य अमेरिका और चीन के नेताओं द्वारा आयोजित खेल के सभी एक हिस्सा है - यानी इस दस्तावेज़ के रूप में बेकर द्वारा आयोजित डेमोक्रेट बनाम रिपब्लिकन घोटाला के धोखे दिखाया Donelson और उनके षड्यंत्रकारियों / साजिश रचने वाले!
उम्मीद है, इस दस्तावेज़ "एकाधिकार" मना किया और अवैध हैं क्यों की एक चेतावनी के रूप में काम करेगा! अमेरिका के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका कैसे आर्थिक और वित्तीय पतन के लिए नेतृत्व किया गया है जो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सरकारों और वित्तीय संस्थाओं पर एकाधिकार करने का प्रयास!
11/14/08 FAX TO UNITED STATES BARACK OBAMAVogelDenise
11/14/08 FAX TO UNITED STATES BARACK OBAMA
Information Obama and Legal Counsel (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest.
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHostin.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS and other crimes of United States Government Officials.
Obama read my lips -obama fraudgate (hindi)VogelDenise
इसलिए अमेरिका के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के रूप में एक देश में, कैसे दो परिवारों (क्लिंटन और बुश) कर रहे हैं और उनके वकीलों / एटोर्नी (बेकर Donelson Bearman काल्डवेल और Berkowitz) सत्ता में बने रहने के लिए अनुमति दी, एक सरकारी अपहरण और राष्ट्र (घरेलू और विदेशी) आतंकित और नागरिकों को इस तरह के आतंकवादी गतिविधियों को बंधक पकड़? व्हाइट हाउस में उनके चचेरे भाई (बराक ओबामा) के साथ - अब इस तरह के आतंकवादी शासन को उखाड़ फेंकने का समय आ गया है: http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/hindi-040412
हां, अमेरिका बनाम चीन संघर्ष के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के भ्रष्ट सरकारी अधिकारियों की राज्य अमेरिका और चीन के नेताओं द्वारा आयोजित खेल के सभी एक हिस्सा है - यानी इस दस्तावेज़ के रूप में बेकर द्वारा आयोजित डेमोक्रेट बनाम रिपब्लिकन घोटाला के धोखे दिखाया Donelson और उनके षड्यंत्रकारियों / साजिश रचने वाले!
उम्मीद है, इस दस्तावेज़ "एकाधिकार" मना किया और अवैध हैं क्यों की एक चेतावनी के रूप में काम करेगा! अमेरिका के संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका कैसे आर्थिक और वित्तीय पतन के लिए नेतृत्व किया गया है जो अंतरराष्ट्रीय सरकारों और वित्तीय संस्थाओं पर एकाधिकार करने का प्रयास!
04/14/13 PUBLIC NOTICE (03/11/13 FAX TO BARACK OBAMA) - icelandicVogelDenise
Þetta skjal er Drög skjal (s) að vera tilbúinn fyrir þýðingar: Hamingjuóskir til Egyptalands í að sýna heiminum hvernig lýðræðið er ætlað að vinna í gegnum byltingarkennd aðferð og kollvarpa hryðjuverka ríkisstjórnir - bara segja "nei" við blóði fé milljarða dollara THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA er að borga AÐ HALDA hryðjuverka frumur rætur í Miðausturlöndum og óróa!
Mannréttindabrot - Hvernig Shooting GEORGE Zimmerman OF TRAYVON MARTIN sýnir Bandaríkjunum Mannréttindadómstóll Ameríku Brot miða AFRICAN-AMERICANS/PEOPLE-OF-COLOR
Fyrir þá sem kunna að vera bara að sameina okkur í eftirfarandi í Trayvon Martin málið auk annarra kynþáttahatari / hvítrar gerðum sem felast í United States of Government Ameríku, vonandi, eftirfarandi upplýsingar verða að varpa frekari ljósi á mannréttindabrot, borgaraleg réttindi brot er glæpsamlegt atferli og spillingu TOP / KEY embættismenn í Bandaríkjunum hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna sem birtist undir almennum lögmannsstofu Baker Donelson bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz - þ.e. verjanda framkvæmdarvaldinu / President Barack Obama / Hillary & Bill Clinton / George W. Bush & George HW Bush. . ., Laga Members Branch, Dómstólaráðs BRANC / Supreme Court í Bandaríkjunum og margir fleiri af kynþáttahatari árganga hans / hryðjuverkahópa. Rétt eins og það virðist sem Bandaríkin hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna var á bak við afmörkun þeirra bræðra (DZHOKHAR og Tamerlan TSARNAEV) fyrir Boston Marathon sprengjuárásir og þá kalda blóð morð á DZHOKHAR í viðleitni til að ná upp kynþáttahatari starfsháttum sínum til að halda þeim frá tala við George Zimmerman spurning það virðist felur einn af the United States nemar hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna'S! Við vonum að þú finnur þetta skjal fræðslu og upplýsinga og gefa það öðrum þannig að þeir eru meðvitaðir um hvað er að gerast vegna er mikilvægt að fá United States of America OUT utanríkisráðuneytinu!
Við ætlum einnig að nota TRAYVON MARTIN Réttarhald til að styðja hvernig Bandaríkin forseti Barack Obama og Legal Team hans með stuðningi þing notar STJÓRNVALDA Resources - þ.e. eins og það virðist sem þeir gerðu í innlendum hryðjuverkaárásirnar 11. september 2001, September 11, 2012 Benghazi Árásir, 15 Apr 2013 Boston Marathon sprengjuárásir. . . - Til að byrja Wars er varðar þjálfun hvítrar þeirra PROTÉGÉS / Meðlimir:
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/double-jeopardy-problems-that-george-zimmerman-may-face-for-translation
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/icelandic-040412
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/icelandic
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/obama-us-wars-used-to-train-white-supremacist-icelandic
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/072712-usa-ku-klux-klan-runned-government-icelandic
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
04/14/13 PUBLIC NOTICE (03/11/13 FAX TO BARACK OBAMA) - icelandicVogelDenise
Þetta skjal er Drög skjal (s) að vera tilbúinn fyrir þýðingar: Hamingjuóskir til Egyptalands í að sýna heiminum hvernig lýðræðið er ætlað að vinna í gegnum byltingarkennd aðferð og kollvarpa hryðjuverka ríkisstjórnir - bara segja "nei" við blóði fé milljarða dollara THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA er að borga AÐ HALDA hryðjuverka frumur rætur í Miðausturlöndum og óróa!
Mannréttindabrot - Hvernig Shooting GEORGE Zimmerman OF TRAYVON MARTIN sýnir Bandaríkjunum Mannréttindadómstóll Ameríku Brot miða AFRICAN-AMERICANS/PEOPLE-OF-COLOR
Fyrir þá sem kunna að vera bara að sameina okkur í eftirfarandi í Trayvon Martin málið auk annarra kynþáttahatari / hvítrar gerðum sem felast í United States of Government Ameríku, vonandi, eftirfarandi upplýsingar verða að varpa frekari ljósi á mannréttindabrot, borgaraleg réttindi brot er glæpsamlegt atferli og spillingu TOP / KEY embættismenn í Bandaríkjunum hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna sem birtist undir almennum lögmannsstofu Baker Donelson bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz - þ.e. verjanda framkvæmdarvaldinu / President Barack Obama / Hillary & Bill Clinton / George W. Bush & George HW Bush. . ., Laga Members Branch, Dómstólaráðs BRANC / Supreme Court í Bandaríkjunum og margir fleiri af kynþáttahatari árganga hans / hryðjuverkahópa. Rétt eins og það virðist sem Bandaríkin hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna var á bak við afmörkun þeirra bræðra (DZHOKHAR og Tamerlan TSARNAEV) fyrir Boston Marathon sprengjuárásir og þá kalda blóð morð á DZHOKHAR í viðleitni til að ná upp kynþáttahatari starfsháttum sínum til að halda þeim frá tala við George Zimmerman spurning það virðist felur einn af the United States nemar hryðjuverka stjórn Bandaríkjanna'S! Við vonum að þú finnur þetta skjal fræðslu og upplýsinga og gefa það öðrum þannig að þeir eru meðvitaðir um hvað er að gerast vegna er mikilvægt að fá United States of America OUT utanríkisráðuneytinu!
Við ætlum einnig að nota TRAYVON MARTIN Réttarhald til að styðja hvernig Bandaríkin forseti Barack Obama og Legal Team hans með stuðningi þing notar STJÓRNVALDA Resources - þ.e. eins og það virðist sem þeir gerðu í innlendum hryðjuverkaárásirnar 11. september 2001, September 11, 2012 Benghazi Árásir, 15 Apr 2013 Boston Marathon sprengjuárásir. . . - Til að byrja Wars er varðar þjálfun hvítrar þeirra PROTÉGÉS / Meðlimir:
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/double-jeopardy-problems-that-george-zimmerman-may-face-for-translation
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/icelandic-040412
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/icelandic
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/obama-us-wars-used-to-train-white-supremacist-icelandic
http://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/072712-usa-ku-klux-klan-runned-government-icelandic
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
4. Surgeons transplanted a donor's upper and
lower jawbone, teeth and a portion of the
tongue.
The novel surgery, performed at the
University of Maryland Medical Center, took
36 hours to complete, and Lee is recovering
faster than expected, surgeons said.
5.
6. "Ithink it's extraordinary," said Dr. Seth
Thaller, professor and chief of plastic surgery
at the University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine, who was not involved in Norris'
surgery. Twenty-two face transplants have
been performed previously worldwide, but
most of these involved only soft tissue and
not teeth and bone, Thaller said.
The surgeons plan to keep Norris in the
hospital for about a month to be monitored.
7. WHAT HAPPENED TO RICHARD WHEN HE WAS
15 YEARS?
WERE DOES THE SURGERY TOOK PLACE?
HOW LONG DO THE SURGERY TOOK?
HOW MANY FACE TRANSPLANTS WERE MADE
BEFORE THIS ONE?
WHAT DOES THE SURGEONS ARE PLANING TO
DO NOW WITH RICHARD?