Highway to heaven - Voxxed Days Belgrade
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Fed up with stop and go in your data center? Why not shift into overdrive and pull into the fast lane? Learn how AutoScout24 are building their Autobahn in the cloud to become the market leader in Europe's vehicle classified business. Reinventing themselves by making a radical transition from monoliths to microservices, from .NET on Windows to Scala on Linux, from data center to AWS and from built by devs and run by ops to a devops mindset. While the current stack keeps running, ever more microservices will go live as you listen to stories from the trenches. Key takeaways from this talk includes: How to... … become cloud native … evolve the architecture … create “you build it you run it” teams … involve business people in the transformation Created and presented together with Wolf Schleger (ThoughtWorks)
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Highway to heaven - Voxxed Days Belgrade
- 1. Highway to heaven Building microservices in the cloud Voxxed Days Belgrade, October 2015
- 2. Agenda Meet AutoScout24 Shifting gears How we build our services How we organize ourselves
- 4. Baseline AutoScout24 IT Highly optimized, but of last decade IT platform supported growth for >6 years Microsoft oriented stack Enterprise IT setup - MTBF over MTTR Proven agile and lean principles C
- 5. New CEO CC
- 6. Do you attract talent? CC
- 7. CC
- 9. Monolith to Microservices Data center to AWS .NET / Windows to JVM / Linux Devs + Ops to DevOps culture Involve product people Five challenges WW
- 11. Change the wheels while driving WW
- 12. Strategic Goals Goals of the business side Architectural Principles High-Level Principles Design and Delivery Principles Tactical measures Reduce Time to Market Speed, Fast Feedback Cost Transparency Collect metrics to allow decisions cost vs. value. Support Data-Driven Decisions Listen to users and validate hypothesis. Provide as many relevant metrics & data as possible. You build it, you run it Responsibility to run and maintain a product stays with the building team. Fast feedback from live and customers helps us to continuously improve. Organized around Business Capabilities Build teams around products not projects. Follow the domain and respect bounded contexts. Inverse Conway Maneuver Shared Nothing Avoid shared infrastructure and tight coupling as much as possible. Don’t create the next monolith. Macro and Micro Architecture Clear separation. Autonomous micro services within the rules and constraints of the macro architecture. AWS First Favor AWS service over managed service, over self-hosted OSS, over self-rolled solutions. Data-Driven/ Metric-Driven Collect metrics from processes and applications. Analyze, alert and act on them. Eliminate Accidental Complexity Strive to keep it simple. Focus on essential complexity. No silver bullet. Event Sourcing and Publishing Keep history of state changes and publish application events. Autonomous Teams Make fast local decisions. Be responsible. Know your boundaries. Share findings. Continuous Delivery Deliver changes reliable, often and fast. Infrastructure As Code Automate everything: Reproducible, traceable and tested. Immutable servers over snowflake servers. DevOps Culture Developers and Ops work together in collaborative teams as engineers. No silos. Be Bold Go into production early. Value monitoring over tests. Recover and learn. Optimize for MTTR not MTBF. Security & Data Privacy Security must be first class citizen and everybody’s concern. Keep data-privacy in mind. CC Another goal Work in progress...
- 13. Principles Organized around business capabilities You build it, you run it Be bold Macro and micro architecture Shared nothing CWCW
- 14. Shared infrastructure Shared nothing Availability over shared nothing Convenience offerings No side effects Fast local decisions over committee Respect family ties WW
- 15. How (not) to share How many environments? Use over re-use Re-use only after hardening Copy n’paste, OSS, library Pull instead of push WW
- 16. Frontend integration Shared nothing Autonomous teams One domain High optimisation CC
- 18. PageSpeed Module css (page+fragment) js (page+fragment) ngx_pagespeed css (page) js (page) css (fragment) js (fragment) CC
- 19. Event Sourcing and data pumps One way data highway Event Sourcing - store history of all changes WW
- 20. SQS + S3 Kinesis + S3 Kinesis + DynamoDB SQS + DynamoDB Proxy + DynamoDB DynamoDB Evolution WW
- 22. DynamoDB as integration database? Two kinds of coupling Payload and connectivity Payload is DynamoDB agnostic DynamoDB as technical service contract WW
- 23. From documents to events Refactoring toward deeper insight From CRUD to sync Offline first Writes are expensive USD 20 over USD 500 CC
- 24. How to build autonomous teams Do not fall back into old behaviours Beware of Mandelbrot teams Pager duty so that you run it Fix broken windows Part-time ops not working Not all T-shapes are the same Wolf WW
- 25. Infrastructure guild Agree on things to do Share learnings Delegate implementation to teams Empty backlog should be normal Infrastructure product teams needed? CC
- 26. Focus sliders Product over platform time WW IT business
- 27. Focus sliders Product over platform Delivery over learning time WW IT business
- 28. Focus sliders (cont.) Cash stack meets shiny new stack One company Lights on in cash stack Feature freeze Where to build new features? Ease of integration helps business people CC
- 30. Attributions Blue sky, white-gray clouds by nature protector Natubico, www.vivism.info [CC BY-SA 3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABlue_sky%2C_white-gray_clouds.JPG A Danish Perspective by NASA [Public domain] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AA_Danish_Perspective.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ANASAComputerRoom7090.NARA.jpg GREG EINRAD Amazon16 by Neil Palmer/CIAT [CC BY-SA 2.0] https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciat/5641594952 BERGSTEIGER Barber in Cameroon by James Emery from Douglasville, United States (Daddy Joe_1355) [CC BY 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ABarber_in_Cameroon.jpg Wide objectives by Kivela (Own work) [Public domain] href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWide_objectives.jpg Transformer Fire Barrier by GerryS1 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ATransformer_Fire_Barrier.jpg
- 31. Attributions (cont) Alonso Renault Pitstop Chinese GP 2008 by Bert van Dijk (Pitstop F1 ING Renault) [CC BY-SA 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAlonso_Renault_Pitstop_Chinese_GP_2008.jpg Principle of Panchasheel by Prakash Adhikary (Own work) [CC BY 3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APrinciple_of_Panchasheel.JPG Traffic Jam by Doo Ho Kim [CC BY-SA 2.0] https://www.flickr.com/photos/titicat/3049591547 Pellets by The original uploader was Richard Mayer at German Wikipedia [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APellets.jpg Pipes and Valves by Uwe Hermann [CC BY-SA 2.0] https://www.flickr.com/photos/73628542@N00/6272975359 Size variation in Coccinella undecimpunctata (2127991716) by Gilles San Martin from Namur, Belgium [CC BY-SA 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASize_variation_in_Coccinella_undecimpunctata_(2127991716).jpg Mille crêpe by Laitr Keiows (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 or GFDL] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMille_cr%C3%AApe.jpg Country Energy power line replacement 01 by Bidgee (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACountry_Energy_power_line_replacement_01.jpg Puzzling by Bernd Gessler (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APuzzling.JPG
- 32. Attributions (cont) Sharing Sucks (4536747557) by eyeliam from Portland, United States [CC BY 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASharing_Sucks_(4536747557).jpg 7Line 9184 (8263568241) by Metropolitan Transportation Authority of the State of New York (7Line_9184 Uploaded by tm) [CC BY 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3A7Line_9184_(8263568241).jpg England rugby team 1905 by Russell & Sons (The Graphic) [Public domain or Public domain] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AEngland_rugby_team_1905.jpg Wandergeselle by Sigismund von Dobschütz [CC BY-SA 3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWandergeselle_02.JPG Faber-Rechenschieber 5304 by User:Karl Gruber (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFaber-Rechenschieber_5304.JPG Wheel clamps Texas by Richard Anderson from Denton, United States (Boots.) [CC BY-SA 2.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWheel_clamps_Texas.jpg GuadalupeNOLA15Oct07Thanks by Infrogmation of New Orleans (Photo by Infrogmation) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGuadalupeNOLA15Oct07Thanks.jpg AtariBasic by Calin99 (Own work) [GPL] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAtariBasic.png Spare wheel by Brian Snelson [CC BY 2.0] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spare_wheel_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg
Editor's Notes
- Meetup AutoScout24 Shifting gears How we build our services Event Sourcing DynamoDB as Atom Feed From documents to events Evolving architecture PriceEstimation Shared nothing? Infrastructure CSV Log processing How we organize ourselves Autonomous teams Infrastructure guild Focus sliders
- Producing classifieds vs. consuming classifieds Describe business. Printed ads in paper analogy. Bold parts are in progress.
- Proven delivery engine Last decade: PC-Web, Data center Microsoft oriented stack: Team Windows, Team Linux Availability = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)
- Scout24 was sold end of 2013 New CEO Greg Ellis beginning of 2014 Are you ready for the future? 21st century internet company? IPO October 2015
- We could hire good .NET devs, but mostly from banks, insurances companies No internet background; we need to teach Talents that could help us where sparse
- We started think about our ecosystem and the flywheel that drives it. .NET small, slow Linux/JVM larger, faster
- “Fly at the speed of fear” - Disruptive Japanese dragon: Flying beast Rollercoaster: Sixflags Magic Mountain Started Nov. 2014 with one team, now at 4 teams.
- .NET/Windows -> Scala/Linux Own Data centers -> AWS Monolith + Swimlanes -> Microservices Dev + Ops -> Engineers Product: Include business, find core and add some polish -> Shiny new cut
- Vertical product slices Strangler Self contained Microservices include UI
- Make your own. Keep evolving. This is for reference only. We use this to guide discussions. Poster hangs in every room. The items on the right support items on the left. New strategic business goals are coming. Discussions.
- Organized around Business Capabilities Build teams around products not projects. Follow the domain and respect bounded contexts. Inverse Conway Maneuver You build it, you run it Responsibility to invent, run and maintain a product stays with the building team. Fast feedback from live and customers helps us to continuously improve. Be Bold Faster and simpler. Go into production early. Value semantic monitoring over tests. Recover and learn. Optimize for MTTR not MTBF. Macro and Micro Architecture Clear separation. Autonomous micro services within the rules and constraints of the macro architecture.
- Sharing implies dependencies. Share only with good reason. Availability over Shared nothing -> Monitoring, Logging, required, Macro, enables troubleshooting and correlation across service boundaries, We share infrastructure via AWS platform GoCD optional, convenience offering, but how to e.g. improve cycle time. No side effects. Dashing, global shared state. -> Solution own dashing server Fast local decisions over committees Respect family ties OneScout over XScout24
- Unexpected ways of sharing Environments Fakes on dev, CDCs as glue, be bold
- Microservices imply frontend integration Shared nothing Jigsaw as lightweight as possible, not: frontend monolith, portal, behaviour No shared asset pipeline. “Bring your own asset” (aka asset Brotzeit). Autonomous teams Self contained MS over UI monolith One domain Only www, https only Subdomains Local storage sandboxed by origin (protocol+host+port). Breaks watchlist, last search etc. Cookies are ok High optimisation Google pagespeed Caching
- No shared asset pipeline. Pages are accessible via (localised) URL are owned by one team could be cacheable Fragments are parts of a page don’t know the original request should send cache headers Assets Should be combined and minified Caching CloudFront Caching: Caching on edge locations. Respects Cache Headers from Jigsaw. PageSpeed Caching: Caches combined assets. Backend Caching: Respects Cache Headers from microservices.
- One way data highway History of all changes Design decision: No queries against DC. Data needs to be pushed into AWS Ability to replay all events from beginning of time. Events = All changes to a classified
- Fast evolution Skip: SQS + S3 Inspired by ImmobilienScout24 Kinesis + S3 Feedback from AWS Kinesis + DynomaDB Queryable, Storage costs not prohibitive (7x) SQS + DynamoDB Queue better than LATEST or TRIM_HORIZON Proxy + DynamoDB Changes are collected via queue table in Oracle DynamoDB DynamoDB is global service
- Bounded contexts respected. DynamoDB as public API of service. Think publishing events into queue More consumers anticipated.
- No abstraction for AWS services Only owning service writes
- Offline first powered by events DynamoDB is no document store, think about your data model and use cases. API to integrate with existing local storage implementation lead to think about syncing changes. Rediscovered offline first -> change/events Add/Remove/List -> Sync -> Almost Event Sourcing Writes: DynamoDB has an asymmetric provisioning model. Read to write costs 1:40 with eventual consistent reads Best write minimization: Write only changes = events
- How to build autonomous teams Do not fall back into old behaviours Beware of Mandelbrot teams - dev team and ops team within the devops team Part-time ops not working Some devs do not like ops (and the other way round) Not all Ts are shaped the same. Pager duty enforces you build it you run it behaviour. How not to ignore the pager, no broken window syndrom On call rotation Name and shame
- Avoid disconnect infrastructure and product teams. Why infrastructure guild? Agree on things to do Share learnings How we work: Work is done in the teams Focus work on infrastructure needed by team. (Macro decision: Shared infrastructure: Logging, Monitoring, Security) Teams are responsible - Subsidiarity How to handle long running/blocked stories? Keep delegating and resist temptation to take over Don’t treat infrastructure story as neglected child Empty backlog should be normal Hurdle to create new tasks. We want as few shared infrastructure as possible. Shirky: Institutions will try to preserve the problem to which they are the solution. Creates it own tasks. Risk of stories without value or prioritisation. “I have found an old sticky on the floor, let's implement that for two weeks!”
- Product over platform Focus Shift, PO missing Focus slider - AWS 20% product + 80% platform - first 2 months 50% product + 50% platform - ideally within next 3 months Current state: 70% product + 30 % platform Vision: 80% product + 20% platform War story: Beware spontaneous fluctuations in PO presence. (Compare priceestimation)
- Delivery over learning Learning extends IT-ness Enter Tatsu 3 Change focus to delivery Tatsu 2 continues
- There is a cash stack! Don’t split into shiny new stack and legacy. Legacy is not used as a word anymore. Lights on in Cash stack - AWS Feature freeze: Where to build new features? Ease of integration between new and old stack helps business people to switch fluently between both worlds. Where to draw the line - Focus on technology change - Minimum viable integration Time to market vs. fast re-platforming (N+1 systems)