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This document provides an overview of current research on the impact of racism on the mental health of people of color in the United States. It discusses how racism has caused physical, emotional, and spiritual crises for most ethnic groups. Racism exists at interpersonal, internalized, institutional, and structural levels. The document then examines research on the effects of racism and racial trauma on specific ethnic groups, including African Americans, Native Americans, Latinx people, and Asian Americans. It concludes by discussing recommendations for racial healing between dominant and non-dominant groups.
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![Introduction
One of the central themes for my background research is to provide current research on
the impact and remedies different people of color can utilize to begin to heal from the acute
effects and symptoms of racism. The primary people group addressed in this research is
the African American community, and secondarily, the racism and mental health
recommendations for Native Americans, Latinx, and Asian communities. Also included in this
essay are findings on how to begin racial healing between the dominant and non-dominant
groups.
Commonality of Racism and Mental Health
Findings for People of Color in the United States
The length of time that racism has been allowed to exist has caused most ethnic people
groups to be in crises - physically, emotionally, and spiritually.[1] According to Black Fatigue
author Mary-Francis Winters, racism has several levels: interpersonal, internalized,
institutional, and structural.[2] How to address these different levels of racism will be
discussed in the section focused on recommended solutions. The significance of the different
levels of racism undergirds the reality that it is ingrained in every facet of our lives.
Understanding the effects and developing possible solutions to rectify them can be
overwhelming but nonetheless necessary. In her book, Unapologetic Guide to Black Mental
Health, Dr. Rheeda Walker, reviewed several studies. One study completed a decade ago by
Dr. Phillip Goff determined that whites do not see Black people as human, and whites
inherently believe they have a right to dominate others. According to Walker, Dr. Asa Hillard
utilized Goff's work to postulate that racism would qualify as a mental health disorder in part
because a person would have to be disconnected from reality to think that they are superior](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/healthissues2-230317171711-60d70bb8/85/Health-Issues-1-320.jpg)
![to another person simply based on the color of their skin.[3] Because racism is systemic and
structural, dismantling requires systemic and structural efforts. Author, Alisha Moreland-
Capuia, asserts in her book, The Trauma of Racism Exploring the Systems and People Fear
Built, that racism is a form of trauma perpetuated systemically and structurally.[4] "Trauma
(fear unchecked or that doesn't turn off) is related to toxic stress." Toxic stress has been
known to distort the normal hormonal functions of the body - which can then lead to
inflammation and other chronic health-related issues - including mental health or behavioral
problems such as a compromise in judgment and rational thinking.[5] Moreland-Capuia
continues to explore race-based fear by comparing and contrasting the relationship between
ecosystems of fear and its power within nature and how nature provides keen insights into
what happens in the psychological and physical realm of people of color as a result of living
with fear every day. As in nature, when a predator is no longer in the vicinity (wholly
removed) of its prey, the intended target will change its habits and move freely around,
uninhibited by the fear of being hunted. However, if the predator is in the general vicinity -
the intended prey can still smell, see the tracks and hear the predator's sound, and it can
instill fear and creates a "landscape" of fear.[6] Similarly, Moreland-Capuia writes, "If we can
appreciate the fear in ecosystems of nature, we should be able to make the correlations to
human to human interactions'' and its adverse effects on the human psyche.[7] Lastly, she
writes that fear is meant to be a time-limited response.[8] However, as we shall see in the
remaining sections, research demonstrates that people of color in the United States are
crushed with obscene amounts of fear-based trauma.
Critical](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Despite facing greater discrimination and lower socioeconomic status, African Americans typically have better mental health outcomes than whites. This study examines the relationship between racism-related coping strategies and mental health among African Americans using a national survey. The researchers identified three main coping dimensions - objection, internal attribution, and acquiescence. Acquiescence, or accepting discrimination as fact, was the most common strategy. Objection and internal attribution were linked to higher depressive symptoms. Educational attainment impacted strategy use - those with more education were more likely to object to discrimination. The study provides insight into coping strategies among African Americans and their association with mental health.
Advancing Suicide Prevention Research With Rural American Indian a.docx
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As part of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention's American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Task Force, a multidisciplinary group of AI/AN suicide research experts convened to outline pressing issues related to this subfield of suicidology. Suicide disproportionately affects Indigenous peoples, and remote Indigenous communities can offer vital and unique insights with relevance to other rural and marginalized groups. Outcomes from this meeting include identifying the central challenges impeding progress in this subfield and a description of promising research directions to yield practical results. These proposed directions expand the alliance's prioritized research agenda and offer pathways to advance the field of suicide research in Indigenous communities and beyond. (Am J Public Health. 2015;105:891-899. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014. 302517)
Although the Surgeon General published a call to action to prevent suicide in 1999,1 national rates of suicide have shown little improvement, and from 2002 to 2010 suicide moved from the 11th to the 10th leading cause of death in the United States2,3 National suicide rates are consistently higher among White men aged 65 years and older than in younger age groups.3 However, suicide remains one of the top 5 causes of death for American adults younger than 45 years and one of the top 3 for adolescents and young adults.2 Although suicide is clearly an important public health priority for all Americans, it is an especially critical issue for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). North America’s Indigenous peoples have disproportionately high rates of suicide deaths, attempts, and ideation, and suicide deaths are approximately 50% higher for AI/AN people than for White people.1,3 However, AI/AN elder suicides are quite rare. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among AI/AN adolescents and young adults, and their rate of suicide is 2.5 times as high as the national average across all ethnocultural groups.2 AI/AN young men are particularly vulnerable4; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that AI/AN youths aged 10 to 24 years have the highest suicide rates of all ethnocultural groups
in the United States, at 31.27 per 100 000 among male youths and 10.16 per 100 000 among female youths. To eliminate this health disparity, research identifying the unique factors contributing to AI/AN suicide is essential to tailor interventions to fit the particular cultural and situational contexts in which they occur.1 Driven by the pressing need to better understand and reduce AI/AN suicide, the AI/AN Task Force of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention (NAASP) crea ...
Mental Health Issues In African American Women Perceptions And Stigmas
Patricia L. Hill outlines goals and objectives to address mental health issues in African American women by generating mental health literacy, mobilizing women to seek services, and building a network of culturally competent providers. The goals are to decrease stigma, change perceptions, acquire financial support, and empower women. Barriers include cultural values, limited resources, and historical mistreatment. Strategies include emphasizing strengths, incorporating social support, and developing short and long term goals. Social support systems are important to build trust, offer encouragement, and help manage stigma. The outcomes aim to reduce mortality, improve quality of life, and implement treatment protocols.
Is It Because I’m Black Microaggressive Experiences Against B.docx
Is It Because I’m Black? Microaggressive Experiences Against Black
Professionals in Sport and Exercise Psychology
Leeja Carter and Carlos Davila
Long Island University–Brooklyn
Black sport and exercise psychology (SEP) practitioners represent a small but growing percentage of SEP
professionals. To date there has been no study that directly asks Black sport and exercise psychology
professionals about their professional experiences. To fill this gap in the literature, the researchers
explored Black SEP professionals’ racial microaggressive experiences: common and often unintentional
racial slights toward people of color (Sue et al., 2007). Using an online survey, 5 participants above the
age of 18 with a current professional membership in the Association for Applied Sport Psychology and/or
the American Psychological Association’s Division 47 (Society for Sport, Exercise, and Performance
Psychology) were surveyed regarding their microaggressive experiences. Findings provide a view of
Black professionals’ experiences and the context in which they were aggressed. Recommendations for
future research and support of Black professionals are provided.
Public Significance Statement
Findings highlight that the sport and exercise psychology (SEP) field is not immune to colorblind
ideology, racism, or discriminatory practices. Findings address the underlying themes of race and
racism that permeate various interactions for Black professionals in SEP, creating a necessary,
critical, and difficult dialogue about Black professionals’ (specifically) and professionals of color’s
(broadly) experiences in sport and SEP.
Keywords: race, racism, microaggression, sport psychology
Professional Black sport and exercise psychology (SEP) practi-
tioners represent a small portion of the SEP field, although the
percentage has increased. Most Black SEP professionals work as
university faculty within kinesiology or physical education pro-
grams, in independent practice, or for collegiate and professional
teams as sport psychology consultants or team psychologists.
Although growing in number and employment, statistically
Black people are still underrepresented in positions most closely
related to SEP, with only 6% of full-time hires at postsecondary
degree– granting institutions being Black (U.S. Department of
Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015), 5.3%
within the psychology workforce (American Psychological Asso-
ciation, 2015), and no data available specifically for SEP profes-
sionals. The lack of research and dialogue around Black profes-
sionals’ experiences further marginalizes Black people in SEP,
with this study being the first to report on the racial experiences of
Black SEP professionals. For the remainder of this article, the term
Black is used to describe individuals of African descent born in the
United States as well as those whose country of origin is outside
the United States (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel, & Drewery, 2011).
Colorblind .
South Asian American Mental Health
This document summarizes Abhi Dalal's presentation on South Asian American mental health. Some key points include:
- Cultural factors like collectivism and family dynamics can create barriers for South Asian Americans seeking mental health care.
- Mindfulness, gratitude, and compassion were presented as strategies for managing emotions and navigating cultural differences.
- Experiences like dating risks, controlling relationships, and balancing family responsibilities with individual needs were discussed in the context of mental health. The presentation aimed to start a dialogue around making mental health care more culturally relevant for South Asian Americans.
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Methodology 1/1.5 pages
1. Describe what you did a secondary data analysis of…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Service Use among Adults
2. Describe where it came from..
Data received from links below to Racial/Ethnic Differences in Mental
Health Service Use among Adults and Charts of the numbers.
https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/MHServicesUseAmongAdults.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendic
es.pdf
Describe what you were looking for and how you found it.
Looking to compare mental health service use among adults. Focusing on
insurance, gender, employment, poverty status and education.
Results/Discussion 2.5 pages
Methodology Drives the Results section.
1. Describe what was found what was found during the secondary data
analysis. (Discuss the numbers!!!) (at least 1 page)
https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/MHServicesUseAmongAdults.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendices.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendices.pdf
2. Research Question 1: Are mental health service usage different among
african american than other races. (Discuss if the research question is
supported by the data and explain. If not explain as well.)
3. Null Hypothesis: African american men are more likely to obtain mental
health services between ages between ages 18-25 compared to other ethnic
groups. (Discuss whether hypothesis is supported or not supported based
on the same data collected)
4. Alternative Hypothesis: African Americans are less likely to receive
mental health care services compared to other races. (Discuss whether
hypothesis is supported or not supported based on the same data
collected)
End the discussion talking about how the data analyzed connects to the topic “Why is
there a stigma of mental health in the African American community” and either supports or
disproves my Research question.
Running head: WHY IS THERE A STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH IN THE AFRICAN
AMERICAN COMMUNITY 1
Why is there a stigma of mental health in the African American community
Xavier De La Cruz
Benedict College
Applied Social Work Research II SW 434 01
Dr. Miller
November 2nd, 2019
AFRICAN AMERICAN MENTAL HEALTH 2
Abstract
Everyone is susceptible to the development of mental health regardless of race, color,
gender, or identity. More than half of the citizens in the United States are recognized with a
mental illness in their lifetime, and African Americans are at higher risk of developing a mental
illness due to limited resources and other barriers. The challenge is further enhanced in the
community due to a stigma prevailing in the group that prevents most members from seeking
medical help. The lack of knowledge about mental illness calls for increased awareness of the
challenge, especially when the cond.
Research Illustration, L. Hinkle
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Despite facing greater discrimination and lower socioeconomic status, African Americans typically have better mental health outcomes than whites. This study examines the relationship between racism-related coping strategies and mental health among African Americans using a national survey. The researchers identified three main coping dimensions - objection, internal attribution, and acquiescence. Acquiescence, or accepting discrimination as fact, was the most common strategy. Objection and internal attribution were linked to higher depressive symptoms. Educational attainment impacted strategy use - those with more education were more likely to object to discrimination. The study provides insight into coping strategies among African Americans and their association with mental health.
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Advancing Suicide Prevention Research With Rural American Indian and Alaska Native Populations
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As part of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention's American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Task Force, a multidisciplinary group of AI/AN suicide research experts convened to outline pressing issues related to this subfield of suicidology. Suicide disproportionately affects Indigenous peoples, and remote Indigenous communities can offer vital and unique insights with relevance to other rural and marginalized groups. Outcomes from this meeting include identifying the central challenges impeding progress in this subfield and a description of promising research directions to yield practical results. These proposed directions expand the alliance's prioritized research agenda and offer pathways to advance the field of suicide research in Indigenous communities and beyond. (Am J Public Health. 2015;105:891-899. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014. 302517)
Although the Surgeon General published a call to action to prevent suicide in 1999,1 national rates of suicide have shown little improvement, and from 2002 to 2010 suicide moved from the 11th to the 10th leading cause of death in the United States2,3 National suicide rates are consistently higher among White men aged 65 years and older than in younger age groups.3 However, suicide remains one of the top 5 causes of death for American adults younger than 45 years and one of the top 3 for adolescents and young adults.2 Although suicide is clearly an important public health priority for all Americans, it is an especially critical issue for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). North America’s Indigenous peoples have disproportionately high rates of suicide deaths, attempts, and ideation, and suicide deaths are approximately 50% higher for AI/AN people than for White people.1,3 However, AI/AN elder suicides are quite rare. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among AI/AN adolescents and young adults, and their rate of suicide is 2.5 times as high as the national average across all ethnocultural groups.2 AI/AN young men are particularly vulnerable4; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that AI/AN youths aged 10 to 24 years have the highest suicide rates of all ethnocultural groups
in the United States, at 31.27 per 100 000 among male youths and 10.16 per 100 000 among female youths. To eliminate this health disparity, research identifying the unique factors contributing to AI/AN suicide is essential to tailor interventions to fit the particular cultural and situational contexts in which they occur.1 Driven by the pressing need to better understand and reduce AI/AN suicide, the AI/AN Task Force of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention (NAASP) crea ...
Mental Health Issues In African American Women Perceptions And Stigmas
Patricia L. Hill outlines goals and objectives to address mental health issues in African American women by generating mental health literacy, mobilizing women to seek services, and building a network of culturally competent providers. The goals are to decrease stigma, change perceptions, acquire financial support, and empower women. Barriers include cultural values, limited resources, and historical mistreatment. Strategies include emphasizing strengths, incorporating social support, and developing short and long term goals. Social support systems are important to build trust, offer encouragement, and help manage stigma. The outcomes aim to reduce mortality, improve quality of life, and implement treatment protocols.
Is It Because I’m Black Microaggressive Experiences Against B.docx
Is It Because I’m Black? Microaggressive Experiences Against Black
Professionals in Sport and Exercise Psychology
Leeja Carter and Carlos Davila
Long Island University–Brooklyn
Black sport and exercise psychology (SEP) practitioners represent a small but growing percentage of SEP
professionals. To date there has been no study that directly asks Black sport and exercise psychology
professionals about their professional experiences. To fill this gap in the literature, the researchers
explored Black SEP professionals’ racial microaggressive experiences: common and often unintentional
racial slights toward people of color (Sue et al., 2007). Using an online survey, 5 participants above the
age of 18 with a current professional membership in the Association for Applied Sport Psychology and/or
the American Psychological Association’s Division 47 (Society for Sport, Exercise, and Performance
Psychology) were surveyed regarding their microaggressive experiences. Findings provide a view of
Black professionals’ experiences and the context in which they were aggressed. Recommendations for
future research and support of Black professionals are provided.
Public Significance Statement
Findings highlight that the sport and exercise psychology (SEP) field is not immune to colorblind
ideology, racism, or discriminatory practices. Findings address the underlying themes of race and
racism that permeate various interactions for Black professionals in SEP, creating a necessary,
critical, and difficult dialogue about Black professionals’ (specifically) and professionals of color’s
(broadly) experiences in sport and SEP.
Keywords: race, racism, microaggression, sport psychology
Professional Black sport and exercise psychology (SEP) practi-
tioners represent a small portion of the SEP field, although the
percentage has increased. Most Black SEP professionals work as
university faculty within kinesiology or physical education pro-
grams, in independent practice, or for collegiate and professional
teams as sport psychology consultants or team psychologists.
Although growing in number and employment, statistically
Black people are still underrepresented in positions most closely
related to SEP, with only 6% of full-time hires at postsecondary
degree– granting institutions being Black (U.S. Department of
Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015), 5.3%
within the psychology workforce (American Psychological Asso-
ciation, 2015), and no data available specifically for SEP profes-
sionals. The lack of research and dialogue around Black profes-
sionals’ experiences further marginalizes Black people in SEP,
with this study being the first to report on the racial experiences of
Black SEP professionals. For the remainder of this article, the term
Black is used to describe individuals of African descent born in the
United States as well as those whose country of origin is outside
the United States (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel, & Drewery, 2011).
Colorblind .
South Asian American Mental Health
This document summarizes Abhi Dalal's presentation on South Asian American mental health. Some key points include:
- Cultural factors like collectivism and family dynamics can create barriers for South Asian Americans seeking mental health care.
- Mindfulness, gratitude, and compassion were presented as strategies for managing emotions and navigating cultural differences.
- Experiences like dating risks, controlling relationships, and balancing family responsibilities with individual needs were discussed in the context of mental health. The presentation aimed to start a dialogue around making mental health care more culturally relevant for South Asian Americans.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Mental illness has been viewed and defined in various ways throughout history. Currently, there are three main perspectives: social realism sees mental illness as a real medical problem; social constructionism believes mental illness is defined differently in various cultures with no absolute truth; and labeling theory holds that powerful groups like psychiatrists label and negatively define less powerful groups like the mentally ill. Once labeled, others will view everything a person does through the lens of their supposed illness. Labelling can have negative effects as it shapes a person's identity and interactions. Social factors like poverty, gender roles, racism, and institutionalization may also contribute to mental health issues.
Methodology 11.5 pages 1. Describe what you did a seconda.docx
Methodology 1/1.5 pages
1. Describe what you did a secondary data analysis of…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Service Use among Adults
2. Describe where it came from..
Data received from links below to Racial/Ethnic Differences in Mental
Health Service Use among Adults and Charts of the numbers.
https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/MHServicesUseAmongAdults.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendic
es.pdf
Describe what you were looking for and how you found it.
Looking to compare mental health service use among adults. Focusing on
insurance, gender, employment, poverty status and education.
Results/Discussion 2.5 pages
Methodology Drives the Results section.
1. Describe what was found what was found during the secondary data
analysis. (Discuss the numbers!!!) (at least 1 page)
https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/MHServicesUseAmongAdults.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendices.pdf
https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/MHServicesUseAmongAdults/Appendices.pdf
2. Research Question 1: Are mental health service usage different among
african american than other races. (Discuss if the research question is
supported by the data and explain. If not explain as well.)
3. Null Hypothesis: African american men are more likely to obtain mental
health services between ages between ages 18-25 compared to other ethnic
groups. (Discuss whether hypothesis is supported or not supported based
on the same data collected)
4. Alternative Hypothesis: African Americans are less likely to receive
mental health care services compared to other races. (Discuss whether
hypothesis is supported or not supported based on the same data
collected)
End the discussion talking about how the data analyzed connects to the topic “Why is
there a stigma of mental health in the African American community” and either supports or
disproves my Research question.
Running head: WHY IS THERE A STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH IN THE AFRICAN
AMERICAN COMMUNITY 1
Why is there a stigma of mental health in the African American community
Xavier De La Cruz
Benedict College
Applied Social Work Research II SW 434 01
Dr. Miller
November 2nd, 2019
AFRICAN AMERICAN MENTAL HEALTH 2
Abstract
Everyone is susceptible to the development of mental health regardless of race, color,
gender, or identity. More than half of the citizens in the United States are recognized with a
mental illness in their lifetime, and African Americans are at higher risk of developing a mental
illness due to limited resources and other barriers. The challenge is further enhanced in the
community due to a stigma prevailing in the group that prevents most members from seeking
medical help. The lack of knowledge about mental illness calls for increased awareness of the
challenge, especially when the cond.
Research Illustration, L. Hinkle
The document summarizes several sources that discuss what triggers evil actions in people. Source 3 describes a psychology experiment conducted at Stanford University where participants took on roles as prisoners or guards and the guards gradually became crueler as they embraced their roles. Source 6 discusses how American society has become desensitized to violence through media portrayals and how this normalizes violence. The sources presented various perspectives on what triggers evil, including genetic factors, brain biology, mental illness, media influence, public policy, and the glorification of violence.
Having fun with scientific research
The document summarizes and critiques a report by the American Psychological Association (APA) that aimed to reduce prejudice. It notes that the APA report used complex language despite aiming to be understandable to ordinary people. It also discusses a study that found hand-washing and vaccination could reduce bias against marginalized groups by alleviating disease concerns. However, the document casts doubt on the study and psychological research in general, citing a survey finding that half of psychologists admitted to dishonest practices like selectively reporting results.
Chapter 4Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-
Chapter: 4
Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-1Defining and Contextualizing Racism
4-1
Hoyt Jr. (2012) defines racism as “a particular form of prejudice defined by preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups.” It is supported simultaneously by individuals, the institutional practices of society, and dominant cultural values and norms. Racism is a universal phenomenon that exists across cultures and tends to emerge wherever ethnic diversity and perceived or real differences in group characteristics become part of a struggle for social power. In the case of the United States, African Americans, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asian Americans—groups that we have been referring to as people of color—have been systematically subordinated by the white majority.
There are four important points to be made initially about racism:
· Prejudice and racism are not the same thing. Prejudice is a negative, inaccurate, rigid, and unfair way of thinking about members of another group. All human beings hold prejudices. This is true for people of color, as well as for majority group members. But there is a crucial difference between the prejudices held by whites and those held by people of color. whites have more power to enact their prejudices and therefore negatively impact the lives of people of color than vice versa. The term racism is used in relation to the racial attitudes and behavior of majority group members. Similar attitudes and behaviors on the part of people of color are referred to as prejudice and discrimination (a term commonly used to mean actions taken on the basis of one’s prejudices). Another way of describing this relationship is that prejudice plus power equals racism.
· Racism is a broad and all-pervasive social phenomenon that is mutually reinforced at all levels of society.
· Institutional racism involves the manipulation of societal institutions to give preferences and advantages to whites and at the same time restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of people of color.
· Cultural racism is the belief that the cultural ways of one group are superior to those of another. Cultural racism can be found both in individuals and in institutions. In the former, it is often referred to as ethnocentrism. Jones (2000) mentioned that historical insults, societal norms, unearned privilege, and structural barriers are all aspects of institutional racism.
· People tend to deny, rationalize, and avoid discussing their feelings and beliefs about race and ethnicity. Often, these feelings remain unconscious and are brought to awareness only with great difficulty.
· When young children hear the stories of people of color, they tend to feel deeply and sincerely with the storyteller. “I’m really sorry that you had to go through that” is the most common reaction of a child. By the time one reaches adulthood, however, the empathy is often gone. Instead, reactions tend to involve minimizing, justifying ...
Do We Overemphasize the Role of Culture in the Behavior ofRa.docx
This document discusses evidence of a cultural (mis)attribution bias in American psychology, which is the tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in explaining the behaviors and cognitions of racial/ethnic minorities, while underemphasizing the influence of culture on white individuals. Through two studies, the authors investigate this bias by examining over 400 psychological research articles and surveying 361 psychologists. The results provide evidence that culture is more often cited as influencing minorities, while psychological factors are more often cited for whites. This bias can constrain psychological explanations and treatment by viewing minorities primarily through a cultural lens, rather than considering other important influences.
Reaction to Non-Cognitive ability, College Learning.docx
Reaction to “Non-Cognitive ability, College Learning, and Student Retention”
Marilyn D. Lovett
Florida A&M University
I found the idea of measuring non-cognitive ability intriguing. However, I did not get said measurement in this article. The literature review does not seem to support what the researchers say occurred with the SE2 program. While the policy emphasized rewarding effort with grades, such research was not mentioned in the literature review. As a result, I was not sure how effort was measured. The authors mentioned information in the “sociology literature” but I believe examining psychological literature might have made for a more sound argument. I also wondered if students of African descent were in any of the studies mentioned in the literature review.
In the methodology section, the authors stated that the SE2 policy was developed “to improve student performance by increasing study skills and the preparedness of the students” (Gray & Swinton, 2017, p. 67). However, I do not understand how that would have increased preparedness. I also was not clear on the equations used to answer the research questions, but that is probably because I am not familiar with the Cox proportional hazard model.
There were a couple of times throughout the article that mentioned some information being “available upon request.” I appreciated that because it is a nod toward transparency in research. It reminded me about the replication program touted by the Association for Psychological Science in which researchers are invited to upload their data for other researchers to replicate. I noticed that Table 4 had no non-cognitive skills recorded. I wondered why cognitive and non-cognitive skills could not be increased simultaneously when the authors stated that the SE2 policy “helps those students with unmeasured non-cognitive skills, while potentially harming some of the students with higher measured cognitive skills” (Gray & Swinton, 2017, p. 74). This brought me back to wondering why non-cognitive skills were not operationalized in the first place.
Multiculturally Sensitive Mental Health Scale (MSMHS):
Development, Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity
Ruth Chu-Lien Chao and Kathy E. Green
University of Denver
Effectively and efficiently diagnosing African Americans’ mental health has been a chronically unre-
solved challenge. To meet this challenge we developed a tool to better understand African Americans’
mental health: the Multiculturally Sensitive Mental Health Scale (MSMHS). Three studies reporting the
development and initial validation of the MSMHS were conducted with African American student
samples. First, an exploratory factor analysis of an initial item pool yielded 5 factors assessing subscales
of perceived racism, depression, well-being, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Second, a confirmatory factor
analysis supported the MSMHS’s 5-dimensional factor structure. Third, test–retest reliability, internal ...
Paraphilia and sexual dysfunction
This document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods, not replace expectations of one's agency. It then provides background on the author's training and apprenticeships with notable clinicians over 12 years, and a subsequent innovative practicum with live supervision employing solution-focused, team therapy. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the origin of psychological symptoms, including from biomedical conditions, trauma/injury, and power struggles in relationships. It emphasizes symptoms acquire purpose, meaning and power in organizing social interaction and communication within relationships.
Curanderos presentation
This document discusses the importance of cultural competence in psychiatric care for children on the Texas-Mexico border. It describes two cases of young Hispanic females who experienced hallucinations and were treated by both local curanderos (faith healers) and psychiatrists. The treatment team took time to understand the families' cultural beliefs and integrate them into the treatment plans. It emphasizes that cultural competence is essential for physicians due to increasing diversity and the role of culture in shaping illness perceptions and treatments.
Running head RESEARCH PROPOSAL10RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8.docx
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 10
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8
Research Proposal
Jamie Bass
Argosy University
March 3, 2016
ABSTRACT
Suicide is experienced in all parts of parts of the world. Even though it has been argued that suicide is common amongst the elderly in the society, it is worth noting that even children as young as 13 years old have committed suicide. The myths and misconceptions surrounding suicidal individuals are inherently different from one culture to another. For instance, in some cultures it is believed that suicidal individuals are possessed by demons. Other cultures attribute suicide to generational curses whereas other cultures attribute suicide to such factors as depression and other mental disorders. The purpose of the proposed research is to establish the risk factors of suicide and realize possible strategies which if undertaken can help to counteract suicide and hence its adverse effects in the society. In this proposal are the points to be addressed in the course of the research. It is anticipated that there will be objections to the factors to be established and hence part of this proposal are possible objections and how each of the possible objections will be addressed. The research will use secondary sources of information and hence part of this proposal is an annotated bibliography of the sources that will be utilized in course of the research. Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: This is good, but could you state it more as a piece of argumentation? Like “This paper argues that early intervention can prevent suicide if done correctly.”
WORKING THESIS
Suicide has negatively affected the society, and unless there are mitigation strategies to curb this menace, it will continue to take the lives of many people in the society.
EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of human beings voluntarily taking their lives. Research has shown that it has always been caused by a sense of despair or hopelessness. All these issues may be induced by mental illness which may include Bipolar disorder or even depression. Suicide has been traumatizing and shameful to the bereaved families and many people in the society have always viewed it as a cowardice way of taking one’s life. Many suicidal persons have been haunted by their thoughts in many cases this is depicted as a very personal process (Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman & Bunney, 2002).
In this paper, it is very much possible to look at what suicide is and the risk factors associated with suicide. A study conducted in Sweden consisting of 271 men aged 15 years and above revealed that mental disorder is a major suicide risk factor. It is thus recommended that the research paper will dwell on mental disorder and substance abuse as risk factors that contribute to suicide as well as medical conditions and psychosocial states. Harris & Barraclough (2009) also established a causal relationship between mental disorder and suicide a factor that further makes the proposed research ...
Religious Dimensions Common to Human Rights Abuses with Abortion as a Case Study
This document provides an overview of a presentation on religious dimensions common to human rights abuses, using abortion as a case study. The presentation introduces a model for understanding conflicts as involving three "abortions" - theological, mental, and physical. It examines abortion as an example of rejecting the philosophy of intrinsicism in favor of "abortionism." The document outlines principles of conflict resolution and discusses opposing perspectives on defining the abortion conflict, with the goal of building understanding and stopping human rights abuses.
University of Rochester Black Women in Medicine Documentary Essay.docx
This document provides context for a reflection paper assignment on the documentary "Black Women in Medicine". The documentary profiles black female pioneers in medicine and discusses several issues related to underrepresentation of minorities in health professions. It highlights topics like implicit bias, mentorship, and strategies to increase diversity. The assignment asks students to write a 2-3 page paper reflecting on how readings and class discussions relate to the documentary and how theoretical frameworks could explain the experiences of women featured. It provides potential questions to guide the paper.
Compassion Safety Rights Final 1-15
This document discusses the complex relationship between compassion, safety, and rights in the context of mental health. It touches on issues like involuntary treatment, dangerousness, and the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental illness. The author has experience working in mental health advocacy and has dealt with these issues from many sides. They aim to examine these issues using multiple perspectives and the most current research and law.
Suicide
This document discusses cognitive therapy for dealing with flashback memories from traumatic events. It describes how flashbacks can severely impact people by causing reliving of traumatic memories through thoughts and nightmares. It also discusses how certain groups like victims of abuse, veterans, or people with medical conditions may be more vulnerable to suicidal thoughts due to flashbacks. Cognitive therapy aims to help people modify negative thoughts associated with flashbacks through techniques like cognitive restructuring. However, current therapies have limitations and may not work for all cases. The document suggests further research into alternative early intervention and prevention strategies to address the root causes of flashbacks and associated suicidal behaviors.
The U.S Healthcare System, African Americans and the Notion of Toughing It Ou...
This project presentation will explore whether or not African American adults are less engaged patients, and whether the notion of toughing it out plays a significant role regarding how African Americans interact with their healthcare.
The Tuskegee Experiment was not the first time that African Americans were experimented on for scientific gain. One book that examines this history is titled Medical Apartheid (Washington, 2006). The novel dives into the dark history of medical experiments on Blacks, including, but not limited to inhumane slavery assessments and Marion Sims’ gynecologic obscenities on Black women (Wall, 2006). Though these debacles occurred decades ago, I propose that these events may continue to play a role in the way African Americans interact with the American healthcare system. Today, there are rules in place to prevent such issues with consent. However, after historically being placed in positions marked by humiliation and mistreatment based on skin color, I wanted to obtain a clearer understanding of whether or not African Americans have responded to the effects of these events by limiting their trust of other people, creating gender norms within their communities, and “toughing it out”.
The structure of this power point presentation for my final paper from HLTHCOMM440, Engaging Patients in Care, will begin by defining this demographic by its key cultural attributes. Second, the paper will highlight research on how one health belief, “toughing it out”, effects African American patient engagement levels. Third, the paper will summarize and discuss the methodology and results from a standardized patient engagement survey, and compare them to the existing literature. Finally, this paper will highlight a hypothetical federally funded health care program, titled “Mandating Mental Health First Aid in Chicago Businesses”, which will require all mid-size and large companies in Chicago to train human resources professionals in “Mental Health First Aid”. This intervention not only benefits African American employees in Chicago, but entire staffs in Chicago in general. In this way, the program does not target African Americans, but seeks to offer helpful resources on mental health that due to either a lack of access or stigmatization, some African Americans may or may not have be aware of. Therefore, the point of having this program is to help employees , especially newer employees, feel supported as the manage the many facets of their lives. Whether or not resources are utilized will depend on many individualistic factors that are including in this presentation. However, the first step towards health equity is to offer equal resources, to everyone.
For access to the standardized survey, please contact Chelsea Dade via email (chelseadade2018@u.northwestern.edu).
Social psychology
This document summarizes two research studies on social groups and intergroup relations. The first study examined how presenting an in-group as resilient to threats can strengthen group identification and life satisfaction. The second study compared theories of prejudice and stereotyping in relations between Japanese, North Korean, and South Korean groups. It found that negative stereotypes lead to feelings of threat that then mediate levels of prejudice between groups, rather than stereotypes directly causing threat themselves. The document also includes the author's opinions agreeing and critiquing aspects of both studies.
02FEB_2016_CBM_26_28
USC professor Cheryl Armstead studies the effects of racism on health outcomes, which can increase risks of depression, stress, and cardiovascular disease. Her research shows that exposure to racism, even subtle racism, can increase blood pressure by 15 points. She is currently updating her studies to account for modern and more subtle forms of racism. Armstead advocates for companies to embrace diversity and provide mentors for minority employees to foster understanding and advancement. Her goal is to use her research to develop solutions and foster dialogue to address the impacts of racism on health and society.
Anthropology Of Mental Illness
This document provides an overview of the anthropological study of mental illness. It discusses madness as a disorder of social ties that poses problems for all societies. The anthropology of madness examines local treatments of mental illness on three levels: as a social problem, an ailment with a therapeutic system, and moral treatment of people experiencing madness. Notable studies in the field include work on conceptions of personhood in American psychiatry and treatment of schizophrenia and in prisons. The goal of the anthropology of madness is a cultural analysis of concepts of personhood and ethics. Key methods include genealogical analysis of concepts over time and examining the "social life" of cultural objects in psychiatry.
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This research is based on general practice in the psychiatric institutions. It involves a qualitative research method that that uses three peer-reviewed journal article containing information about the scope of psychiatry, emerging issues in accommodating patients and highlight on medication of mental illness
Psychopath Investigator
1) The author intends to become a forensic investigator who studies psychopathic offenders to add to the knowledge about this personality disorder and to protect the public. They hope to separate myth from fact regarding psychopaths and establish trust with offenders to gain insight into the psychopathic mind.
2) Psychopathy is correlated with criminal behavior, with about 1% of the male population being psychopaths but 15-25% of male prisoners being psychopaths. Psychopaths are also more likely to commit violent crimes.
3) As a forensic psychologist working with psychopathic offenders, there are important ethical challenges around dual roles, conflicts of interest, informed consent, and ensuring no harm or exploitation of offenders or victims
MEDICINE WHEEL 1 Medicine Wheel STUDENT A
MEDICINE WHEEL 1
Medicine Wheel
STUDENT A
Master of Social Work, Chamberlain University
MSW517-XXXXX: Advanced Social Work Practice
Dr. McDowell-Porter
DATE
MEDICINE WHEEL 2
Medicine Wheel
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Medicine Wheel as it relates to KC. As we go
through the four quadrants one can see how physically, spiritually, emotionally, and mentally KC
experiences her untreated mental health issues through this particular lens. The Medicine Wheel,
Four Directions and Circles have been used as an effective and appropriate means and tools for
develop healing strategies. They offer a multilevel strategy that is circular in nature which has
been practiced for thousands of years (Absolon, 2010). Using the Medicine Wheel, one can
analyze conditions of oppression and create actions to combat discrimination. Using my client,
KC, I will use the four directions of the Medicine Wheel to provide insight as to why there is
bias towards mental illness in ethnic minorities.
Case Overview
KC is 44-year-old Afro-Latina woman who was born in New Jersey, then moved to
Massachusetts with her family as a child. She has resided in the same city since childhood. KC
lives in her city’s housing authority on a section 8 voucher, living off social security disability.
KC is formally diagnosed with low IQ, depression, PTSD, and anxiety. She has a boyfriend of 16
years, and two children. DCF has been involved since her first child was born, provided the
turbulent abusive relationship with her boyfriend. Throughout the 15 years, the children have
been taken into foster care at various times. Currently, KC lives in her own one-bedroom
apartment. Her boyfriend lives in a separate two-bedroom apartment with their eldest child. The
youngest child is currently in foster care, awaiting placement back into the boyfriend’s
apartment. Through assessment and observation, KC has been found unable to properly care for
her two children with disabilities. Since the traumatic experience of the family break up in 2017,
MEDICINE WHEEL 3
KC has been experiencing delusions and psychosis relating to her downstairs neighbor. In the
past year, with her two children being placed back in foster care, these delusions have worsened.
Quadrant 1 North
The Native American Medicine Wheel views mental health as a concern that is
considered a misalignment with nature. In the situation with KC medicine wheel can bring
alternative healing to her mental health issues. The question to contemplate is, what are the
socio-economic costs of untreated mental illness in ethnic minorities? Looking at KC’s
circumstance, once can see that she suffers from the inability to hold down a stable job, leaving
her to reside on social security. This is financially constricting, as she relies on food stamps for
subsistence. KC is one of thousands who rely on government support to survive. Publ ...
Synthesis paper on race
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The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
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The document summarizes and critiques a report by the American Psychological Association (APA) that aimed to reduce prejudice. It notes that the APA report used complex language despite aiming to be understandable to ordinary people. It also discusses a study that found hand-washing and vaccination could reduce bias against marginalized groups by alleviating disease concerns. However, the document casts doubt on the study and psychological research in general, citing a survey finding that half of psychologists admitted to dishonest practices like selectively reporting results.
Chapter 4Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-
Chapter: 4
Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-1Defining and Contextualizing Racism
4-1
Hoyt Jr. (2012) defines racism as “a particular form of prejudice defined by preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups.” It is supported simultaneously by individuals, the institutional practices of society, and dominant cultural values and norms. Racism is a universal phenomenon that exists across cultures and tends to emerge wherever ethnic diversity and perceived or real differences in group characteristics become part of a struggle for social power. In the case of the United States, African Americans, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asian Americans—groups that we have been referring to as people of color—have been systematically subordinated by the white majority.
There are four important points to be made initially about racism:
· Prejudice and racism are not the same thing. Prejudice is a negative, inaccurate, rigid, and unfair way of thinking about members of another group. All human beings hold prejudices. This is true for people of color, as well as for majority group members. But there is a crucial difference between the prejudices held by whites and those held by people of color. whites have more power to enact their prejudices and therefore negatively impact the lives of people of color than vice versa. The term racism is used in relation to the racial attitudes and behavior of majority group members. Similar attitudes and behaviors on the part of people of color are referred to as prejudice and discrimination (a term commonly used to mean actions taken on the basis of one’s prejudices). Another way of describing this relationship is that prejudice plus power equals racism.
· Racism is a broad and all-pervasive social phenomenon that is mutually reinforced at all levels of society.
· Institutional racism involves the manipulation of societal institutions to give preferences and advantages to whites and at the same time restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of people of color.
· Cultural racism is the belief that the cultural ways of one group are superior to those of another. Cultural racism can be found both in individuals and in institutions. In the former, it is often referred to as ethnocentrism. Jones (2000) mentioned that historical insults, societal norms, unearned privilege, and structural barriers are all aspects of institutional racism.
· People tend to deny, rationalize, and avoid discussing their feelings and beliefs about race and ethnicity. Often, these feelings remain unconscious and are brought to awareness only with great difficulty.
· When young children hear the stories of people of color, they tend to feel deeply and sincerely with the storyteller. “I’m really sorry that you had to go through that” is the most common reaction of a child. By the time one reaches adulthood, however, the empathy is often gone. Instead, reactions tend to involve minimizing, justifying ...
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This document discusses evidence of a cultural (mis)attribution bias in American psychology, which is the tendency to overemphasize the role of culture in explaining the behaviors and cognitions of racial/ethnic minorities, while underemphasizing the influence of culture on white individuals. Through two studies, the authors investigate this bias by examining over 400 psychological research articles and surveying 361 psychologists. The results provide evidence that culture is more often cited as influencing minorities, while psychological factors are more often cited for whites. This bias can constrain psychological explanations and treatment by viewing minorities primarily through a cultural lens, rather than considering other important influences.
Reaction to Non-Cognitive ability, College Learning.docx
Reaction to “Non-Cognitive ability, College Learning, and Student Retention”
Marilyn D. Lovett
Florida A&M University
I found the idea of measuring non-cognitive ability intriguing. However, I did not get said measurement in this article. The literature review does not seem to support what the researchers say occurred with the SE2 program. While the policy emphasized rewarding effort with grades, such research was not mentioned in the literature review. As a result, I was not sure how effort was measured. The authors mentioned information in the “sociology literature” but I believe examining psychological literature might have made for a more sound argument. I also wondered if students of African descent were in any of the studies mentioned in the literature review.
In the methodology section, the authors stated that the SE2 policy was developed “to improve student performance by increasing study skills and the preparedness of the students” (Gray & Swinton, 2017, p. 67). However, I do not understand how that would have increased preparedness. I also was not clear on the equations used to answer the research questions, but that is probably because I am not familiar with the Cox proportional hazard model.
There were a couple of times throughout the article that mentioned some information being “available upon request.” I appreciated that because it is a nod toward transparency in research. It reminded me about the replication program touted by the Association for Psychological Science in which researchers are invited to upload their data for other researchers to replicate. I noticed that Table 4 had no non-cognitive skills recorded. I wondered why cognitive and non-cognitive skills could not be increased simultaneously when the authors stated that the SE2 policy “helps those students with unmeasured non-cognitive skills, while potentially harming some of the students with higher measured cognitive skills” (Gray & Swinton, 2017, p. 74). This brought me back to wondering why non-cognitive skills were not operationalized in the first place.
Multiculturally Sensitive Mental Health Scale (MSMHS):
Development, Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity
Ruth Chu-Lien Chao and Kathy E. Green
University of Denver
Effectively and efficiently diagnosing African Americans’ mental health has been a chronically unre-
solved challenge. To meet this challenge we developed a tool to better understand African Americans’
mental health: the Multiculturally Sensitive Mental Health Scale (MSMHS). Three studies reporting the
development and initial validation of the MSMHS were conducted with African American student
samples. First, an exploratory factor analysis of an initial item pool yielded 5 factors assessing subscales
of perceived racism, depression, well-being, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Second, a confirmatory factor
analysis supported the MSMHS’s 5-dimensional factor structure. Third, test–retest reliability, internal ...
Paraphilia and sexual dysfunction
This document discusses the philosophy and practice of clinical outpatient therapy. It begins with a disclaimer stating the purpose is to improve therapy practice through a deeper understanding of methods, not replace expectations of one's agency. It then provides background on the author's training and apprenticeships with notable clinicians over 12 years, and a subsequent innovative practicum with live supervision employing solution-focused, team therapy. The document goes on to discuss perspectives on the origin of psychological symptoms, including from biomedical conditions, trauma/injury, and power struggles in relationships. It emphasizes symptoms acquire purpose, meaning and power in organizing social interaction and communication within relationships.
Curanderos presentation
This document discusses the importance of cultural competence in psychiatric care for children on the Texas-Mexico border. It describes two cases of young Hispanic females who experienced hallucinations and were treated by both local curanderos (faith healers) and psychiatrists. The treatment team took time to understand the families' cultural beliefs and integrate them into the treatment plans. It emphasizes that cultural competence is essential for physicians due to increasing diversity and the role of culture in shaping illness perceptions and treatments.
Running head RESEARCH PROPOSAL10RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8.docx
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 10
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8
Research Proposal
Jamie Bass
Argosy University
March 3, 2016
ABSTRACT
Suicide is experienced in all parts of parts of the world. Even though it has been argued that suicide is common amongst the elderly in the society, it is worth noting that even children as young as 13 years old have committed suicide. The myths and misconceptions surrounding suicidal individuals are inherently different from one culture to another. For instance, in some cultures it is believed that suicidal individuals are possessed by demons. Other cultures attribute suicide to generational curses whereas other cultures attribute suicide to such factors as depression and other mental disorders. The purpose of the proposed research is to establish the risk factors of suicide and realize possible strategies which if undertaken can help to counteract suicide and hence its adverse effects in the society. In this proposal are the points to be addressed in the course of the research. It is anticipated that there will be objections to the factors to be established and hence part of this proposal are possible objections and how each of the possible objections will be addressed. The research will use secondary sources of information and hence part of this proposal is an annotated bibliography of the sources that will be utilized in course of the research. Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: This is good, but could you state it more as a piece of argumentation? Like “This paper argues that early intervention can prevent suicide if done correctly.”
WORKING THESIS
Suicide has negatively affected the society, and unless there are mitigation strategies to curb this menace, it will continue to take the lives of many people in the society.
EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of human beings voluntarily taking their lives. Research has shown that it has always been caused by a sense of despair or hopelessness. All these issues may be induced by mental illness which may include Bipolar disorder or even depression. Suicide has been traumatizing and shameful to the bereaved families and many people in the society have always viewed it as a cowardice way of taking one’s life. Many suicidal persons have been haunted by their thoughts in many cases this is depicted as a very personal process (Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman & Bunney, 2002).
In this paper, it is very much possible to look at what suicide is and the risk factors associated with suicide. A study conducted in Sweden consisting of 271 men aged 15 years and above revealed that mental disorder is a major suicide risk factor. It is thus recommended that the research paper will dwell on mental disorder and substance abuse as risk factors that contribute to suicide as well as medical conditions and psychosocial states. Harris & Barraclough (2009) also established a causal relationship between mental disorder and suicide a factor that further makes the proposed research ...
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Suicide
This document discusses cognitive therapy for dealing with flashback memories from traumatic events. It describes how flashbacks can severely impact people by causing reliving of traumatic memories through thoughts and nightmares. It also discusses how certain groups like victims of abuse, veterans, or people with medical conditions may be more vulnerable to suicidal thoughts due to flashbacks. Cognitive therapy aims to help people modify negative thoughts associated with flashbacks through techniques like cognitive restructuring. However, current therapies have limitations and may not work for all cases. The document suggests further research into alternative early intervention and prevention strategies to address the root causes of flashbacks and associated suicidal behaviors.
The U.S Healthcare System, African Americans and the Notion of Toughing It Ou...
This project presentation will explore whether or not African American adults are less engaged patients, and whether the notion of toughing it out plays a significant role regarding how African Americans interact with their healthcare.
The Tuskegee Experiment was not the first time that African Americans were experimented on for scientific gain. One book that examines this history is titled Medical Apartheid (Washington, 2006). The novel dives into the dark history of medical experiments on Blacks, including, but not limited to inhumane slavery assessments and Marion Sims’ gynecologic obscenities on Black women (Wall, 2006). Though these debacles occurred decades ago, I propose that these events may continue to play a role in the way African Americans interact with the American healthcare system. Today, there are rules in place to prevent such issues with consent. However, after historically being placed in positions marked by humiliation and mistreatment based on skin color, I wanted to obtain a clearer understanding of whether or not African Americans have responded to the effects of these events by limiting their trust of other people, creating gender norms within their communities, and “toughing it out”.
The structure of this power point presentation for my final paper from HLTHCOMM440, Engaging Patients in Care, will begin by defining this demographic by its key cultural attributes. Second, the paper will highlight research on how one health belief, “toughing it out”, effects African American patient engagement levels. Third, the paper will summarize and discuss the methodology and results from a standardized patient engagement survey, and compare them to the existing literature. Finally, this paper will highlight a hypothetical federally funded health care program, titled “Mandating Mental Health First Aid in Chicago Businesses”, which will require all mid-size and large companies in Chicago to train human resources professionals in “Mental Health First Aid”. This intervention not only benefits African American employees in Chicago, but entire staffs in Chicago in general. In this way, the program does not target African Americans, but seeks to offer helpful resources on mental health that due to either a lack of access or stigmatization, some African Americans may or may not have be aware of. Therefore, the point of having this program is to help employees , especially newer employees, feel supported as the manage the many facets of their lives. Whether or not resources are utilized will depend on many individualistic factors that are including in this presentation. However, the first step towards health equity is to offer equal resources, to everyone.
For access to the standardized survey, please contact Chelsea Dade via email (chelseadade2018@u.northwestern.edu).
Social psychology
This document summarizes two research studies on social groups and intergroup relations. The first study examined how presenting an in-group as resilient to threats can strengthen group identification and life satisfaction. The second study compared theories of prejudice and stereotyping in relations between Japanese, North Korean, and South Korean groups. It found that negative stereotypes lead to feelings of threat that then mediate levels of prejudice between groups, rather than stereotypes directly causing threat themselves. The document also includes the author's opinions agreeing and critiquing aspects of both studies.
02FEB_2016_CBM_26_28
USC professor Cheryl Armstead studies the effects of racism on health outcomes, which can increase risks of depression, stress, and cardiovascular disease. Her research shows that exposure to racism, even subtle racism, can increase blood pressure by 15 points. She is currently updating her studies to account for modern and more subtle forms of racism. Armstead advocates for companies to embrace diversity and provide mentors for minority employees to foster understanding and advancement. Her goal is to use her research to develop solutions and foster dialogue to address the impacts of racism on health and society.
Anthropology Of Mental Illness
This document provides an overview of the anthropological study of mental illness. It discusses madness as a disorder of social ties that poses problems for all societies. The anthropology of madness examines local treatments of mental illness on three levels: as a social problem, an ailment with a therapeutic system, and moral treatment of people experiencing madness. Notable studies in the field include work on conceptions of personhood in American psychiatry and treatment of schizophrenia and in prisons. The goal of the anthropology of madness is a cultural analysis of concepts of personhood and ethics. Key methods include genealogical analysis of concepts over time and examining the "social life" of cultural objects in psychiatry.
General practice of psychiatric institution (1)
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Psychopath Investigator
1) The author intends to become a forensic investigator who studies psychopathic offenders to add to the knowledge about this personality disorder and to protect the public. They hope to separate myth from fact regarding psychopaths and establish trust with offenders to gain insight into the psychopathic mind.
2) Psychopathy is correlated with criminal behavior, with about 1% of the male population being psychopaths but 15-25% of male prisoners being psychopaths. Psychopaths are also more likely to commit violent crimes.
3) As a forensic psychologist working with psychopathic offenders, there are important ethical challenges around dual roles, conflicts of interest, informed consent, and ensuring no harm or exploitation of offenders or victims
MEDICINE WHEEL 1 Medicine Wheel STUDENT A
MEDICINE WHEEL 1
Medicine Wheel
STUDENT A
Master of Social Work, Chamberlain University
MSW517-XXXXX: Advanced Social Work Practice
Dr. McDowell-Porter
DATE
MEDICINE WHEEL 2
Medicine Wheel
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Medicine Wheel as it relates to KC. As we go
through the four quadrants one can see how physically, spiritually, emotionally, and mentally KC
experiences her untreated mental health issues through this particular lens. The Medicine Wheel,
Four Directions and Circles have been used as an effective and appropriate means and tools for
develop healing strategies. They offer a multilevel strategy that is circular in nature which has
been practiced for thousands of years (Absolon, 2010). Using the Medicine Wheel, one can
analyze conditions of oppression and create actions to combat discrimination. Using my client,
KC, I will use the four directions of the Medicine Wheel to provide insight as to why there is
bias towards mental illness in ethnic minorities.
Case Overview
KC is 44-year-old Afro-Latina woman who was born in New Jersey, then moved to
Massachusetts with her family as a child. She has resided in the same city since childhood. KC
lives in her city’s housing authority on a section 8 voucher, living off social security disability.
KC is formally diagnosed with low IQ, depression, PTSD, and anxiety. She has a boyfriend of 16
years, and two children. DCF has been involved since her first child was born, provided the
turbulent abusive relationship with her boyfriend. Throughout the 15 years, the children have
been taken into foster care at various times. Currently, KC lives in her own one-bedroom
apartment. Her boyfriend lives in a separate two-bedroom apartment with their eldest child. The
youngest child is currently in foster care, awaiting placement back into the boyfriend’s
apartment. Through assessment and observation, KC has been found unable to properly care for
her two children with disabilities. Since the traumatic experience of the family break up in 2017,
MEDICINE WHEEL 3
KC has been experiencing delusions and psychosis relating to her downstairs neighbor. In the
past year, with her two children being placed back in foster care, these delusions have worsened.
Quadrant 1 North
The Native American Medicine Wheel views mental health as a concern that is
considered a misalignment with nature. In the situation with KC medicine wheel can bring
alternative healing to her mental health issues. The question to contemplate is, what are the
socio-economic costs of untreated mental illness in ethnic minorities? Looking at KC’s
circumstance, once can see that she suffers from the inability to hold down a stable job, leaving
her to reside on social security. This is financially constricting, as she relies on food stamps for
subsistence. KC is one of thousands who rely on government support to survive. Publ ...
Synthesis paper on race
Racism and ethnicity are phenomenon’s that evidently transcend societal aspects regardless of geographical locations. As studies indicate, the issue of race has become so deeply entrenched into our social structures and human customs that no one can be able to escape the racialization phenomenon. Scholars who have engaged in exploring the race phenomenon have repeatedly suggested that developing a full understanding of the concepts transcendental nature requires closer and in-depth investigations into the capacities of racism to trigger particular dynamics of identity construction.
Experts on Interpersonal Violence
This document summarizes a presentation on interpersonal violence (IPV) or domestic violence given by experts Maria Rose and Mary Epps. IPV is intentionally using force to gain control over another person and can include abuse, sexual assault, stalking, dating violence, bullying, and gang violence. It can affect all genders and ages. The experts discussed how IPV is a learned behavior and influences like drugs/alcohol, emotional dependency, and societal factors can perpetuate the cycle of violence. They also provided resources and treatment options to help families experiencing domestic abuse.
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English - The Book of Ruth - King James Bible.pdf
The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
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The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
Save your marriage from divorce & make your relationship stronger using anti divorce spells to make him or her fall back in love with you. End your marriage if you are no longer in love with your husband or wife. Permanently end your marriage using divorce spells that work fast. Protect your marriage from divorce using love spells to boost commitment, love & bind your hearts together for a stronger marriage that will last. Get your ex lover who has remarried using divorce spells to break up a couple & make your ex lost lover come back to you permanently.
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Call/WhatsApp +27836633417 for more info.A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
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Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - Message
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
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The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
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God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
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Health Issues
- 1. Introduction One of the central themes for my background research is to provide current research on the impact and remedies different people of color can utilize to begin to heal from the acute effects and symptoms of racism. The primary people group addressed in this research is the African American community, and secondarily, the racism and mental health recommendations for Native Americans, Latinx, and Asian communities. Also included in this essay are findings on how to begin racial healing between the dominant and non-dominant groups. Commonality of Racism and Mental Health Findings for People of Color in the United States The length of time that racism has been allowed to exist has caused most ethnic people groups to be in crises - physically, emotionally, and spiritually.[1] According to Black Fatigue author Mary-Francis Winters, racism has several levels: interpersonal, internalized, institutional, and structural.[2] How to address these different levels of racism will be discussed in the section focused on recommended solutions. The significance of the different levels of racism undergirds the reality that it is ingrained in every facet of our lives. Understanding the effects and developing possible solutions to rectify them can be overwhelming but nonetheless necessary. In her book, Unapologetic Guide to Black Mental Health, Dr. Rheeda Walker, reviewed several studies. One study completed a decade ago by Dr. Phillip Goff determined that whites do not see Black people as human, and whites inherently believe they have a right to dominate others. According to Walker, Dr. Asa Hillard utilized Goff's work to postulate that racism would qualify as a mental health disorder in part because a person would have to be disconnected from reality to think that they are superior
- 2. to another person simply based on the color of their skin.[3] Because racism is systemic and structural, dismantling requires systemic and structural efforts. Author, Alisha Moreland- Capuia, asserts in her book, The Trauma of Racism Exploring the Systems and People Fear Built, that racism is a form of trauma perpetuated systemically and structurally.[4] "Trauma (fear unchecked or that doesn't turn off) is related to toxic stress." Toxic stress has been known to distort the normal hormonal functions of the body - which can then lead to inflammation and other chronic health-related issues - including mental health or behavioral problems such as a compromise in judgment and rational thinking.[5] Moreland-Capuia continues to explore race-based fear by comparing and contrasting the relationship between ecosystems of fear and its power within nature and how nature provides keen insights into what happens in the psychological and physical realm of people of color as a result of living with fear every day. As in nature, when a predator is no longer in the vicinity (wholly removed) of its prey, the intended target will change its habits and move freely around, uninhibited by the fear of being hunted. However, if the predator is in the general vicinity - the intended prey can still smell, see the tracks and hear the predator's sound, and it can instill fear and creates a "landscape" of fear.[6] Similarly, Moreland-Capuia writes, "If we can appreciate the fear in ecosystems of nature, we should be able to make the correlations to human to human interactions'' and its adverse effects on the human psyche.[7] Lastly, she writes that fear is meant to be a time-limited response.[8] However, as we shall see in the remaining sections, research demonstrates that people of color in the United States are crushed with obscene amounts of fear-based trauma. Critical
- 3. Markers of Racial Trauma and Effects on Black People in America This section will introduce the current research on racism as it affects Black people. Critical Markers of Racial Trauma and Effects on Native Indigenous People in America The major source of information is from an American Psychological Association Journal article that consolidated findings and conclusions from various Native American Practitioners published in 2006. According to the report, there are several considerations germane to Native Americans. Critical Markers of Racial Trauma and Effects on Latinix People in America An APA journal article written by several Latinx mental health professionals describes the trauma in the Latinx community that stems from systemic oppression. Critical Markers of
- 4. Racial Trauma and Effects on Asian People in America For this paper, I am utilizing mental health information on Asian Americans from Ethnicity & Family Therapy 3rd ed. Textbook by McGoldrick, Giordana, and Garcia-Preto. Commonality of Mental Health Findings for Treating People of Color for Exposure to Systemic Racism in the United States Summary of Mental Health Findings for Racial Healing Between Dominant and Non-Dominant People Groups and, Insights for Becoming Anti-Racist The Racial Healing Handbook: Practical Activities to Help You Challenge Privilege, Confront Systemic Racism & Engage in Collective Healing by Anneliese A. Singh, Ph.D. LPC is an excellent resource for people ready and willing to have difficult conversations centered on racial healing. It offers evidence-based strategies for coping with a broad range of social inequities that impact the quality of life. It is a workbook with ten chapters filled with
- 5. information to start your journey and engage with others. At the end of each chapter are questions to reflect upon and discuss (if in a small group), and Dr. Singh calls the exercises "Racial Healing Practices." Each practice builds your strength and prepares you to loosen racism's grip on you and ultimately challenge racist systems more effectively.[9] Conclusion The good news is that mental health professionals are starting to realize that more work is necessary to understand the race related traumas that impact the different ethnic groups – American citizens – in this country. And, there is evidence based information with culturally specific recommendations coming to the forefront of mental health Practitioners, social justice activist, and others, in helping professions. However, there is still much to do to awaken the Church at large to recognize our role in bringing these different ethnic groups together to heal and reconcile. The tentacles of racism stretch far and wide and deep, until it is dealt with at the root, which is fear, we are all its prey. [1] American Psychological Association, “Apology to People of Color for APA’s Role in Promoting, Perpetuating, and Failing to Challenge Racism, Racial Discrimination,” and Human Hierarchy in U.S., (October 2021): 3, https://www.apa.org/about/policy/racism-apology [2] Mary-Frances Winters, Black Fatigue: How Racism Erodes the Mind, Body, and Spirit (Oakland: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 2020), 6.
- 6. [3] Rheeda Walker, PhD., The Unapologetic Guide To Black Mental Health: Navigate an Unequal System, Learn Tools for Emotional Wellness, and Get the Help You Deserve (Oakland: New Harbinger Publications, 2020), 80-81. [4] Alisha Moreland-Capuia, The Trauma of Racism: Exploring the Systems and People Fear Built (Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021), ix. [5] Ibid., 15. [6] Ibid., 2. [7] Ibid., 3. [8] Ibid., 7. [9] Anneliese A. Singh, PhD., LPC, The Racial Healing Handbook Practical Activities to Help Challenge Privilege, Confront Systemic Racism & Engage in Collective Healing (Oakland: New Harbinger Publications, 2019), 8.