Warren Hastings introduced two judicial reforms plans in India - the Plan of 1772 and the Plan of 1774. The Plan of 1772 established Mofussil Diwani Adalats at the district level, presided over by collectors, to handle civil cases. It also created the Sadar Diwani Adalat in Calcutta to hear appeals and act as the highest court. The Plan of 1774 built on the previous plan but also introduced Provincial Councils to each division to take over some functions of the Sadar Diwani Adalat, like hearing appeals from lower courts. This helped reduce the workload of the highest court and make justice more accessible. Overall, Hastings' reforms aimed to

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3. INDIAN LEGAL HISTORY

4. JUDICIAL
REFORMS
OF
WARREN
HASTING

5. INTRODUCED 2 PLANS
PLAN OF 1772
&
PLAN OF
1774

6. PLAN OF 1772
ADMNISTRATION OF JUSTICE
CIVIL JUSTICE
CRIMINAL
JUSTICE
REVENU
ADMINISTRATION

7. CIVIL JUSTICE

8. MOFUSSIL DIWANI ADALAT
 ESTABLISHED IN EACH
DISTRICT AND PRESIDED BY
COLLECTOR OF DISTRICT.
 DECISION WAS FINAL UPTO
Rs.500 AND VALUE OF SUIT MORE
THAN THAT WERE HEARD BY
SADAR DIWANI ADALAT.
 EMPOWERED TO HEAR CIVIL
CASES AND CASES OF
INHERITANCE , MARRIAGE , etc.,
WERE TO BE DECIDED BY
PERSONAL LAWS.
 KAZIS AND PANDITS WERE
APPOINTED TO EXPOUND
MUSLINM AND HINDU LAWS.

9.  EMPOWERED TO HEAR
APPEALS FROM MOFUSSIL
DIWANI ADALAT.
 IT WAS COURT OF SUPERIOR
JURISDICTION.
 IT CONSISTED GOVERNOR
AND 2 MEMBERS OF COUNCIL.
 ITS QUORUM WAS ABOUT
3.
 IT CONSISTED FEE OF
ABOUT 5% TO BE PAID ON
PETITION OF APPEALS.

11.  IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN
EACH DISTRICT AND CASES
WAS DECIDED ACCORDING TO
MUSLIM LAW.
 COLLECTOR WAS TO
SUPERVISE THE WORKING OF
COURT.
 COULD NOT PASS CAPITAL
SENTENCE WITHOUT
APPROVAL OF SADAR
FAUZDARI ADALAT.

12. SADAR FAUZDARI
ADALAT
 ESTABLISHED AT
CALCUTTA AND HEAR
APPEALS FROM MOFUSSIL
DIWANI ADALAT.
 PRESIDE OVER BY AN
INDIAN JUDGE CALLD
DAROGA-I-ADALAT.
 DEATH WARRANT
SIGNED BY NAWAB
CONSIDRED AS THE HEAD
OF THE FAUZDARI ADALAT.

13.  COLLECTOR OF DISTRICT WAS TO COLLECT
LAND REVENUE FROM LAND OWNERS.
 UNDER CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF
BOARD OF REVENUE.

14. PLAN OF 1774
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
CIVIL JUSTICE
CRIMINAL
JUSTICE
REVENUE
ADMINISTRATION

15. CIVIL JUSTICE
MOFUSSIL DIWANI ADALAT
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
SADAR DIWANI ADALAT

16. PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
 WE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSED THE MOFUSSIL DIWANI AND SADAR DIWANI
ADALAT IN PLAN OF 1772 BUT IN THIS PLAN OF 1774 HE HAS INTRODUCED THE
NEW PROVINCIAL COUNCIL .
 PROVINCIAL COUNCIL WAS ESTABLISHED IN EACH DIVISION. [DIVISION =
SEVERAL DISTRICTS]
 IN EACH DISTRICT INDIAN OFFICER CALLED ‘DIWAN’ OR ‘AMIN’ REPLACED
THE COLLECTOR.
 PROVINCIAL COUNCIL WAS TO LOOK AFTER REVENUE COLLECTION AND
HEAR APPEALS FROM MOFUSSIL DIWANI ADALAT.
 DECISION WAS FINAL UPTO Rs.1000 AND APPEALS FROM PROVINCIAL
COUNCIL WERE TO BE HEARD BY SADAR DIWANI ADALAT.

17. CRIMINAL JUSTICE
 SUPERVISION OF WORKING OF MOFUSSIL FAUZDARI ADALAT BY
COLLECTOR AND SUPERVISION OF WORKING OF SADAR FAUZDARI
ADALAT BY GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL CAME TO AN END.
 SADAR FAUZDARI ADALAT SHIFTED FROM CALCUTTA –
MURSHIDABAD.

18. IN THIS WAY WARREN HASTING CONTRIBUTED FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND THE
BEST POINTS IN HIS PLANS WERE :-
1. JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATION AS PUT IN
HANDS OF AN INDIAN
OFFICER [ENGLISH OFFICER
REPLACED BY INDIAN]
2. ESTABLISHMENT OF
PROVINCIAL COUNCIL
LESSENED BURDEN OF
SADAR DIWANI ADALATAND
REDUCED THE HARDSHIP OF
LITIGANTS AND MADE
JUSTICE CHEAPER.

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