This document discusses two regional intellectual property organizations in Africa - the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI). It notes weaknesses in how they examine and grant pharmaceutical patents, including a lack of rigorous standards and capacity. This risks granting invalid secondary patents and undermining countries' ability to utilize TRIPS flexibilities. The document recommends reforms like adopting rules to avoid patent evergreening, increasing civil society engagement, and fully implementing LDCs' transition period for pharmaceutical patents.