The document describes a two-country Ricardo model that analyzes trade between England and Portugal under different productivity levels and consumption preferences. It shows three equilibria as Portugal's productivity in cloth production improves from 0.4 to 0.7 to 1.0. Charts illustrate the effects on utility, income, trade, and consumption in both countries. Boundaries are identified for different regions of equilibria. The model is later expanded to include six and eleven industries.
Vertical format for trading account, profit and loss account & balance sheetSAITO College Sdn Bhd
1) The document provides a trial balance, adjustments, and additional financial statements for ACE Trading for the year ended 2005.
2) It includes a trial balance, adjustments, trading account, profit and loss statement, and balance sheet.
3) The balance sheet shows total assets of RM122,200 consisting of fixed assets, current assets and closing capital of RM67,500, with current and long term liabilities making up the remaining balance.
The development of oil palm cultivation followed very different paths across continents. Originating from Central Africa where palm oil was first collected from the wild in the forest, oil palm has since become a typical agro-industrial crop especially in South-East Asia and Latin America. More recently smallholders have increased their share in the production, while with some differences. Nowadays the problem that the oil palm sector faces is no longer related to either choose agro-industries or smallholders, but to find the best way to associate agro-industries and smallholders in mutually beneficial schemes. Examples from Indonesia, Cameroon and Colombia show the limits and opportunities of such associations.
www. parker.com/aboutus With annual sales exceeding $13 billion in fiscal year 2012, Parker Hannifin is the world’s leading diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems. Strong competitive advantages, a clear strategy and goals, consistent execution and performance, and many opportunities for growth, have allowed the company to consistently deliver strong shareholder returns. Parker has increased its annual dividends paid to shareholders for 56 consecutive fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index.
The document appears to be a series of multiple choice questions about the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. It tests knowledge of key details like the names of characters, places and objects mentioned in the story. The numbers listed do not seem to be relevant to answering the questions.
The document summarizes an open house for a commercial redevelopment study in Midtown Fort Collins. It provides information on the project team from Fregonese Associates and Economic & Planning Systems. It analyzes retail and housing demand, opportunity sites, conceptual plans including prototypes, and discusses redevelopment of Foothills Mall. Next steps outlined include evaluating feasibility, financing options, recommendations, and an implementation action plan.
Parker is the world's leading manufacturer of motion and control technologies. In 2006, Parker achieved record financial results including $9.4 billion in sales, a 16.3% increase over 2005. Net income increased 19.7% to $638.3 million. Cash flow from operations reached a record $954.6 million. Parker's diversification across hundreds of markets, 57,000 employees, and 417,000 customers helps drive consistent growth and mitigate risks from economic cycles.
This document summarizes a presentation on resource efficiency and waste management challenges in Ireland. It discusses Ireland's progress toward EU waste management targets. It shows data on household waste generation rates and municipal waste management practices in Ireland compared to the EU average. The document also outlines trends in waste generation and recovery in Ireland from 2002-2010. It identifies some gaps in Ireland's waste infrastructure and policies being implemented to improve resource efficiency and drive better waste management behaviors.
The cash flow budget for Pamper World shows:
1) Beginning cash balances increasing each month from $170,000 in January to over $1 million in December.
2) Cash inflows come primarily from accounts receivable collections and sales/receipts, totaling over $2 million for the year.
3) Cash outflows go towards expenses like payroll, advertising, supplies, and utilities, totaling just under $1 million for the year.
4) The ending cash balance increases each month as cash inflows exceed outflows, allowing Pamper World to end the year with over $1.1 million in cash.
Vertical format for trading account, profit and loss account & balance sheetSAITO College Sdn Bhd
1) The document provides a trial balance, adjustments, and additional financial statements for ACE Trading for the year ended 2005.
2) It includes a trial balance, adjustments, trading account, profit and loss statement, and balance sheet.
3) The balance sheet shows total assets of RM122,200 consisting of fixed assets, current assets and closing capital of RM67,500, with current and long term liabilities making up the remaining balance.
The development of oil palm cultivation followed very different paths across continents. Originating from Central Africa where palm oil was first collected from the wild in the forest, oil palm has since become a typical agro-industrial crop especially in South-East Asia and Latin America. More recently smallholders have increased their share in the production, while with some differences. Nowadays the problem that the oil palm sector faces is no longer related to either choose agro-industries or smallholders, but to find the best way to associate agro-industries and smallholders in mutually beneficial schemes. Examples from Indonesia, Cameroon and Colombia show the limits and opportunities of such associations.
www. parker.com/aboutus With annual sales exceeding $13 billion in fiscal year 2012, Parker Hannifin is the world’s leading diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems. Strong competitive advantages, a clear strategy and goals, consistent execution and performance, and many opportunities for growth, have allowed the company to consistently deliver strong shareholder returns. Parker has increased its annual dividends paid to shareholders for 56 consecutive fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index.
The document appears to be a series of multiple choice questions about the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. It tests knowledge of key details like the names of characters, places and objects mentioned in the story. The numbers listed do not seem to be relevant to answering the questions.
The document summarizes an open house for a commercial redevelopment study in Midtown Fort Collins. It provides information on the project team from Fregonese Associates and Economic & Planning Systems. It analyzes retail and housing demand, opportunity sites, conceptual plans including prototypes, and discusses redevelopment of Foothills Mall. Next steps outlined include evaluating feasibility, financing options, recommendations, and an implementation action plan.
Parker is the world's leading manufacturer of motion and control technologies. In 2006, Parker achieved record financial results including $9.4 billion in sales, a 16.3% increase over 2005. Net income increased 19.7% to $638.3 million. Cash flow from operations reached a record $954.6 million. Parker's diversification across hundreds of markets, 57,000 employees, and 417,000 customers helps drive consistent growth and mitigate risks from economic cycles.
This document summarizes a presentation on resource efficiency and waste management challenges in Ireland. It discusses Ireland's progress toward EU waste management targets. It shows data on household waste generation rates and municipal waste management practices in Ireland compared to the EU average. The document also outlines trends in waste generation and recovery in Ireland from 2002-2010. It identifies some gaps in Ireland's waste infrastructure and policies being implemented to improve resource efficiency and drive better waste management behaviors.
The cash flow budget for Pamper World shows:
1) Beginning cash balances increasing each month from $170,000 in January to over $1 million in December.
2) Cash inflows come primarily from accounts receivable collections and sales/receipts, totaling over $2 million for the year.
3) Cash outflows go towards expenses like payroll, advertising, supplies, and utilities, totaling just under $1 million for the year.
4) The ending cash balance increases each month as cash inflows exceed outflows, allowing Pamper World to end the year with over $1.1 million in cash.
This cash flow forecast is for a 12 month period for a company called marbles.com.au. It projects that the company will have total sales of $10,533 per month, with gross profits also of $10,533 per month. Total operating expenses are forecast to be $3,480 per month. This would lead to an operating income of $7,053 over the 12 month period. The forecast also projects a cumulative net income of $7,053 over the 12 months.
Anuj Ice Creams is a company located in CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai that produces ice cream in plastic cups. The document provides details on the company's objectives, production process, cost analysis, contribution margin, breakeven point, margin of safety, and competition. It concludes that the company is earning significant profits producing 100,000 units and plans to expand its operations to cover more areas.
Northern Virginia Fairfax County Housing MarketBetty Plashal
In December 2010:
- Total housing units sold in Fairfax County increased 9% compared to the previous month but decreased 2% compared to December 2009.
- Active housing inventory decreased 16% from December 2009 and 19% from the previous month.
- The median home sale price rose 8% compared to December 2009 to $390,000, and increased 4% from the previous month.
The Urban Enterprise Zone program in New Jersey provides tax incentives and financial assistance to businesses in designated urban communities to encourage investment and job creation. Over 6,800 certified businesses participate in the program across multiple UEZ districts. Benefits include reduced sales tax rates, tax exemptions on certain purchases and investments, tax credits for hiring and investments, and other financial aid. UEZ districts in Bridgeton, Millville, Vineland, and Pleasantville are profiled, with information on population, employment, income levels, top industries and local contacts provided.
Trends of Formal and Informal Livestock Marketing in Ethiopiaessp2
The document discusses trends in formal and informal livestock marketing in Ethiopia, noting that while livestock exports contribute significantly to Ethiopia's economy, most trade is done informally due to issues like licensing requirements and costs. It also outlines major routes for cross-border livestock trade and recommends improving infrastructure, establishing cooperative links between producers and traders, and addressing power imbalances to formalize the livestock sector.
Enterprise and Government Mobility Solutions - Market Update & Outlook 2010VDC Research Group
The document provides an overview and outlook of the enterprise mobility solutions market for 2010. It discusses:
- The market is expected to improve in 2010 after a challenging 2009, though the first half will likely remain difficult.
- Aging device installed bases are driving up failure rates and costs.
- Demand is increasing for next-generation devices that meet new user and application requirements.
- Managing mobile solutions remains a top priority for organizations.
- VDC Research will track the enterprise mobility market across hardware, software, services and vertical markets to help clients stay informed in 2010.
This document appears to contain charts and graphs with numerical data but no descriptive text. It includes various line graphs showing values over time, pie charts breaking down percentages, and what appear to be company logos or citations. However, without any accompanying explanation, the high-level meaning and important information cannot be determined from the visual data alone.
The document is a profit and loss accounting template for a self-employed or small business. It tracks monthly and total sales, costs of goods sold, gross profit, fixed overhead costs, and profit before taxes over a 12 month period. Key details include total annual sales of $194,400, cost of goods sold of $86,400, gross profit of $108,000 (56% of sales), total overhead costs of $91,260, and total annual profit before taxes of $16,740.
This document contains Jimena Vega Delgado's personal budget for the year. It lists her monthly income from wages and other sources totaling over $10 million for the year. It then breaks down her monthly expenses into categories like home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. Her largest expenses are $156,000 on daily living, $198,000 on transportation, $393,000 on entertainment, and $167,600 on vacations for the year.
This document contains an adjusted trial balance, adjustments, and analysis of a company's financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2005. The adjusted trial balance shows assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. There are several adjustments that need to be made, including prepaid insurance, accrued telephone charges, commission earned but not received, accrued interest, and depreciation of buildings and equipment. The analysis shows the elements of the financial statements that each line item in the adjusted trial balance relates to, such as assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses, and the trading account.
This document outlines a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income, which is $0 for all months, and expenses across several categories including home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. The largest recurring expenses are $15,000 per month for veterinarians/pet medicines in the health category and $4,000-7,500 per month for cellular telephone in the home category. Overall, expenses exceed $0 income for the year across all categories.
The document contains several line and bar graphs comparing financial metrics such as total share capital, net worth, net block, book value, sales turnover, total assets, and earning per share for five companies - Sterlite Ind, Hind Zinc, Hind Copper, Tinplate, and Nissan Copper. The graphs show variations in the values of these metrics across the five companies.
Line by environment interaction, yield stability and grouping of test locatio...ILRI
Presented by Kassaye Negash and Kidane Tumsa (National Lowland Pulses Research Program at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center-EIAR) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
This document discusses a local Maori perspective on international trade deals, climate policy, and the global financial crisis in New Zealand. It outlines several sustainable development projects for Ngati Porou lands, including land-based aquaculture, manuka honey, renewable energy, and protected cultivation using greenhouse technology. Projections show that best practice management could significantly increase Ngati Porou wealth, jobs, and salaries over the next 20 years compared to doing nothing.
The document outlines Luis M's personal budget for the year. It lists monthly income of $500,000 from wages, with total annual income of $6,000,000. Expenses include $1,680,000 for housing, $315,000 for daily living, $240,000 for transportation, $60,000 for entertainment, $200,000 for vacations, $240,000 for financial obligations, and a total of $2,835,000 for the year. With income exceeding expenses, the monthly and annual cash surplus is also shown.
ACG European Capital Tour: Investing pitfalls / lessons learned and big succe...ACGEU
The document summarizes a presentation by Alvarez & Marsal on opportunities in the European market. It discusses 1) the current state of the European sovereign debt crisis and its impact on private equity and distressed markets, 2) middle market opportunities including financial institutions selling non-performing assets and distressed debt investing, and 3) potential pitfalls for private equity investors to avoid. The presentation also reviews M&A trends and outlook by country and sector. Key takeaways are the availability of portfolio and corporate carve-out deals, and the need for private equity investors to thoroughly understand business fundamentals and have contingencies planned.
This document contains a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income and expenses across various categories including home, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. The largest sources of income are listed as "Miscellaneous" revenues of $800,000 received in January, May, and August. The largest expenses are $60,000 per month for mortgage/rent and $41,000 per month for public transportation.
The document is a personal budget that outlines monthly income and expenses over a 12 month period. Total income for the year is $6,000,000 with wages being the sole source. Major expenses include $328,000 for cellular phones, $620,000 for dining out, $980,000 for gas and fuel, $60,000 for entertainment, and $425,000 spent on a vacation in July.
The document outlines a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It shows $6,000,000 in annual wages as the sole source of income. Major expenses include $95,000 per month on groceries, $50,000 per month on public transportation, $32,000 per month for home expenses including phones, and $23,000 per month on cable TV for entertainment. The budget allocates funds toward daily living costs but does not account for any vacations, recreation, or savings.
This document shows a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income from wages and interest/dividends totaling $420,000 for the year. Expenses are categorized for home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations and recreation. The largest expenses are $80,000 for groceries, $100,000 for public transportation and $50,000 for utilities and cell phones. The budget allows for $10,000 in gym fees each month from May to July. Overall income exceeds expenses for the year.
This document contains a personal budget for a 12 month period. It lists monthly income of $300,000 from wages and monthly expenses including $5,000 for a cellular telephone, $100,000 for groceries, $18,000 for public transportation, $10,000 for movies/plays, and $15,000 for an internet connection. The budget outlines expenses for various categories but many items are listed as $0, indicating no planned spending in those areas for the period outlined.
This cash flow forecast is for a 12 month period for a company called marbles.com.au. It projects that the company will have total sales of $10,533 per month, with gross profits also of $10,533 per month. Total operating expenses are forecast to be $3,480 per month. This would lead to an operating income of $7,053 over the 12 month period. The forecast also projects a cumulative net income of $7,053 over the 12 months.
Anuj Ice Creams is a company located in CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai that produces ice cream in plastic cups. The document provides details on the company's objectives, production process, cost analysis, contribution margin, breakeven point, margin of safety, and competition. It concludes that the company is earning significant profits producing 100,000 units and plans to expand its operations to cover more areas.
Northern Virginia Fairfax County Housing MarketBetty Plashal
In December 2010:
- Total housing units sold in Fairfax County increased 9% compared to the previous month but decreased 2% compared to December 2009.
- Active housing inventory decreased 16% from December 2009 and 19% from the previous month.
- The median home sale price rose 8% compared to December 2009 to $390,000, and increased 4% from the previous month.
The Urban Enterprise Zone program in New Jersey provides tax incentives and financial assistance to businesses in designated urban communities to encourage investment and job creation. Over 6,800 certified businesses participate in the program across multiple UEZ districts. Benefits include reduced sales tax rates, tax exemptions on certain purchases and investments, tax credits for hiring and investments, and other financial aid. UEZ districts in Bridgeton, Millville, Vineland, and Pleasantville are profiled, with information on population, employment, income levels, top industries and local contacts provided.
Trends of Formal and Informal Livestock Marketing in Ethiopiaessp2
The document discusses trends in formal and informal livestock marketing in Ethiopia, noting that while livestock exports contribute significantly to Ethiopia's economy, most trade is done informally due to issues like licensing requirements and costs. It also outlines major routes for cross-border livestock trade and recommends improving infrastructure, establishing cooperative links between producers and traders, and addressing power imbalances to formalize the livestock sector.
Enterprise and Government Mobility Solutions - Market Update & Outlook 2010VDC Research Group
The document provides an overview and outlook of the enterprise mobility solutions market for 2010. It discusses:
- The market is expected to improve in 2010 after a challenging 2009, though the first half will likely remain difficult.
- Aging device installed bases are driving up failure rates and costs.
- Demand is increasing for next-generation devices that meet new user and application requirements.
- Managing mobile solutions remains a top priority for organizations.
- VDC Research will track the enterprise mobility market across hardware, software, services and vertical markets to help clients stay informed in 2010.
This document appears to contain charts and graphs with numerical data but no descriptive text. It includes various line graphs showing values over time, pie charts breaking down percentages, and what appear to be company logos or citations. However, without any accompanying explanation, the high-level meaning and important information cannot be determined from the visual data alone.
The document is a profit and loss accounting template for a self-employed or small business. It tracks monthly and total sales, costs of goods sold, gross profit, fixed overhead costs, and profit before taxes over a 12 month period. Key details include total annual sales of $194,400, cost of goods sold of $86,400, gross profit of $108,000 (56% of sales), total overhead costs of $91,260, and total annual profit before taxes of $16,740.
This document contains Jimena Vega Delgado's personal budget for the year. It lists her monthly income from wages and other sources totaling over $10 million for the year. It then breaks down her monthly expenses into categories like home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. Her largest expenses are $156,000 on daily living, $198,000 on transportation, $393,000 on entertainment, and $167,600 on vacations for the year.
This document contains an adjusted trial balance, adjustments, and analysis of a company's financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2005. The adjusted trial balance shows assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. There are several adjustments that need to be made, including prepaid insurance, accrued telephone charges, commission earned but not received, accrued interest, and depreciation of buildings and equipment. The analysis shows the elements of the financial statements that each line item in the adjusted trial balance relates to, such as assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses, and the trading account.
This document outlines a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income, which is $0 for all months, and expenses across several categories including home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. The largest recurring expenses are $15,000 per month for veterinarians/pet medicines in the health category and $4,000-7,500 per month for cellular telephone in the home category. Overall, expenses exceed $0 income for the year across all categories.
The document contains several line and bar graphs comparing financial metrics such as total share capital, net worth, net block, book value, sales turnover, total assets, and earning per share for five companies - Sterlite Ind, Hind Zinc, Hind Copper, Tinplate, and Nissan Copper. The graphs show variations in the values of these metrics across the five companies.
Line by environment interaction, yield stability and grouping of test locatio...ILRI
Presented by Kassaye Negash and Kidane Tumsa (National Lowland Pulses Research Program at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center-EIAR) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
This document discusses a local Maori perspective on international trade deals, climate policy, and the global financial crisis in New Zealand. It outlines several sustainable development projects for Ngati Porou lands, including land-based aquaculture, manuka honey, renewable energy, and protected cultivation using greenhouse technology. Projections show that best practice management could significantly increase Ngati Porou wealth, jobs, and salaries over the next 20 years compared to doing nothing.
The document outlines Luis M's personal budget for the year. It lists monthly income of $500,000 from wages, with total annual income of $6,000,000. Expenses include $1,680,000 for housing, $315,000 for daily living, $240,000 for transportation, $60,000 for entertainment, $200,000 for vacations, $240,000 for financial obligations, and a total of $2,835,000 for the year. With income exceeding expenses, the monthly and annual cash surplus is also shown.
ACG European Capital Tour: Investing pitfalls / lessons learned and big succe...ACGEU
The document summarizes a presentation by Alvarez & Marsal on opportunities in the European market. It discusses 1) the current state of the European sovereign debt crisis and its impact on private equity and distressed markets, 2) middle market opportunities including financial institutions selling non-performing assets and distressed debt investing, and 3) potential pitfalls for private equity investors to avoid. The presentation also reviews M&A trends and outlook by country and sector. Key takeaways are the availability of portfolio and corporate carve-out deals, and the need for private equity investors to thoroughly understand business fundamentals and have contingencies planned.
This document contains a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income and expenses across various categories including home, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations, and recreation. The largest sources of income are listed as "Miscellaneous" revenues of $800,000 received in January, May, and August. The largest expenses are $60,000 per month for mortgage/rent and $41,000 per month for public transportation.
The document is a personal budget that outlines monthly income and expenses over a 12 month period. Total income for the year is $6,000,000 with wages being the sole source. Major expenses include $328,000 for cellular phones, $620,000 for dining out, $980,000 for gas and fuel, $60,000 for entertainment, and $425,000 spent on a vacation in July.
The document outlines a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It shows $6,000,000 in annual wages as the sole source of income. Major expenses include $95,000 per month on groceries, $50,000 per month on public transportation, $32,000 per month for home expenses including phones, and $23,000 per month on cable TV for entertainment. The budget allocates funds toward daily living costs but does not account for any vacations, recreation, or savings.
This document shows a personal budget for the year broken down by month. It tracks income from wages and interest/dividends totaling $420,000 for the year. Expenses are categorized for home, daily living, transportation, entertainment, health, vacations and recreation. The largest expenses are $80,000 for groceries, $100,000 for public transportation and $50,000 for utilities and cell phones. The budget allows for $10,000 in gym fees each month from May to July. Overall income exceeds expenses for the year.
This document contains a personal budget for a 12 month period. It lists monthly income of $300,000 from wages and monthly expenses including $5,000 for a cellular telephone, $100,000 for groceries, $18,000 for public transportation, $10,000 for movies/plays, and $15,000 for an internet connection. The budget outlines expenses for various categories but many items are listed as $0, indicating no planned spending in those areas for the period outlined.
What’s driving demand around the globe europe - richard genestMacadamiaSociety
The European Union is the second largest consumer of macadamias, importing almost 6,000 metric tons annually. Germany is a major importer, bringing in over 3,000 kg in some years. While macadamia sales grew rapidly in the early 2000s, the industry now faces challenges in Europe. To ensure long-term growth, the industry must diversify macadamia uses beyond snacks and better promote macadamias' benefits to European food producers and consumers.
Wilkins Kennedy - Business Recovery: Early signs a business is in financial t...misssarahj
Presentation by UK top 20 accountancy firm Wilkins Kennedy, October 2012. How to spot the early warning signs that a business is in financial trouble and the options available to improve the situation.
This document is a quotation dated September 26, 2011 from Cristian Eduardo Loera to Giovanni Spindola for a computer system. It includes a core i7 processor, Intel motherboard, 4GB of RAM, 80GB SSD and 1TB hard drives, Nvidia graphics card, Blu-ray drive, Windows operating system, and other components for a total of 18,038 pesos. Payment is required in full upon delivery of the system.
Mapple Limited's profit and loss account for the year ending March 31, 2010 shows turnover of £60,000 with cost of sales of £25,000, resulting in a gross profit of £35,000, or 58.33% of turnover. Operating expenses totaled £17,000, resulting in an operating profit of £18,000. After interest payable of £500, pre-tax profit was £17,500.
The document provides a summary of the intellectual history and development of new trade theory. New trade theory arose in response to new empirical facts about international trade in the 1970s that were not well explained by existing trade models. The key developments included recognizing the importance of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition. Early models by Krugman and others incorporated these concepts and generated predictions about intra-industry trade between similar countries that matched real world patterns. This "new trade theory" helped explain phenomena that previous models relying on assumptions of perfect competition and constant returns to scale could not.
1) The document proposes promoting a "high-road" strategy for US manufacturing that emphasizes skilled workers, cooperation between workers and management, and public policies to support manufacturers achieving national goals like sustainable energy.
2) It argues manufacturing is shrinking in the US and most Americans' incomes are not growing, but manufacturing can provide well-paying jobs and help meet demands in energy, infrastructure, and defense.
3) Specific policies proposed include expanding manufacturing extension programs, focusing on renewable energy and efficiency, and preventing a "low road" approach that undercuts responsible firms.
This document discusses the need for a national trade strategy in the United States that focuses on net exports, job creation, and wealth creation. It argues that past trade agreements have failed to achieve these goals because they took a tariff-based approach and resulted in unilateral disarmament against trade rivals that use tactics like currency manipulation, value-added taxes, and state-owned enterprises. The document advocates for a strategy that neutralizes state capitalism tactics and maximizes domestic market share and net exports to benefit the American economy.
This document discusses the decline of manufacturing in the US and arguments for reshoring manufacturing back to the US. It notes that American manufacturing peaked at over 26% of the workforce in the 1970s but declined to under 10% by 2009. Offshoring is argued to have slowed economic growth and innovation. Total cost of ownership models that consider hidden costs often find domestic production to be competitive. Several companies that have recently moved production back to America are profiled. Reshoring initiatives aim to educate on these issues and encourage more production near customers to reduce costs.
The document discusses trade issues facing the United States and proposals to address them. It argues that America's persistent trade deficits have cost the economy jobs and growth potential. Several trade problems are outlined, including currency manipulation, foreign consumption taxes, state-owned enterprises, and lack of a U.S. trade strategy. Alternative approaches are proposed that emphasize balanced trade, neutralizing unfair trade practices, and prioritizing national manufacturing and security needs over narrow trade deals. The Coalition for a Prosperous America advocates policy reforms to reduce trade distortions and help American producers compete globally.
The document discusses trade issues facing the US economy such as persistent trade deficits, currency manipulation by other countries, and their use of border adjustable consumption taxes. It argues these unfair trade practices have cost the US economy jobs and GDP growth. The Coalition for a Prosperous America is introduced as advocating for balanced trade and a national manufacturing strategy to address these problems and eliminate the trade deficit to create more American jobs and growth. Specific unfair trade practices like state-owned enterprises and subsidies are also outlined.
1. Two Country Ricardo Model
Inputs
England-Portugal Wine-Cloth
Productivities q(i,j)=e(i,j) li,j
Spending Preferences Cobb Douglas d(i,j)
Size of Labor Forces L1, L2
2. Outputs
• Which goods are made in which Countries
• Quantities Consumed
• Prices
• National Incomes
• Utilities (weighted measure of consumption)
3. Three Different Equilibria as
Portugal Develops
• Demand (Cloth, Wine) = (2/3,1/3)
• Starting Productivities (Cloth , Wine):
England (1.0, 0.4) Portugal (0.4, 1.0)
• Then Portugal Improves in Cloth,
increasing from 0.4 to 0.7 to 1.0
4. Portugal Cloth Productivity = 0.4
1.000
0.900
0.800
Portugal’s
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
Productivity 0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
in Cloth 1.000
0.900
Portugal Cloth Productivity = 0.7
0.800
Improves 0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
Effect on Portugal Cloth Productivity = 1.0
1.000
Portugal 0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
5. 1.000
0.900
0.800
Portugal’s
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
Productivity 0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
in Cloth 1.000
0.900
Improves 0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
Effect on 1.000
England 0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
6. Three More Equilibria -England
England Consumption England Consumption
1.000 1.000
0.800 0.800
0.600 0.600
Trade Trade
0.400 0.400
0.200 0.200
0.000 0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine Utility Income Cloth Wine
England Consumption
1.000
0.800
0.600
Trade
0.400
0.200
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
7. Three More Equilibria - Portugal
Portugal Consumption Portugal Consumption
1.000 1.000
0.900 0.900
0.800 0.800
0.700 0.700
0.600 0.600
0.500 Trade 0.500 Trade
0.400 0.400
0.300 0.300
0.200 0.200
0.100 0.100
0.000 0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine Utility Income Cloth Wine
Portugal Consumption
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500 Trade
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Utility Income Cloth Wine
8. Point Pair Shows Equilibrium
Income Share, and Utilities of Country 1 and Country 2
Utility Income Diagram
U 2
U 1
1 1
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 Z 1
Z1 is Country 1 Income
10. More Equilibria
Income Utility Diagram
U 2
U 1
1 1
Z C
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 Z 1
11. Regions of Equilibria and Their
Boundaries
Income Utility Diagram
U 2
U 1
England Equilibia Boundary
Portugal Equilibia Boundary
1 1
Z C
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 Z 1
12. World Equilibria Boundary
World Equilibia
U 2 U 1
World Equilibia Boundary
1 1
Z C
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 Z 1