By lowering costs and enticing companies to expand into other markets, the global supply chain aids in increasing the productivity and profitability of manufacturers and industries. Global supply chain management is to maintain the seamless operation of the global networks of producers, suppliers, warehouses, transportation firms, distributors, and retailers.

1. Global Supply Chain Management:
Pandemic Impacts
By lowering costs and enticing companies to expand into
other markets, the global supply chain aids in increasing
the productivity and profitability of manufacturers and
industries. Global supply chain management is to maintain
the seamless operation of the global networks of
producers, suppliers, warehouses, transportation firms,
distributors, and retailers.
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Mitigating the risks associated with relying on suppliers and
other partners whose operations are across the globe and who
are subject to various governmental norms and regulations is a
crucial component of that objective for business managers. The
effect of a pandemic on global supply chains was one risk that
few businesses calculated.
According to a research released in November 2020 by the
U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA),
COVID-19 has caused the following interruptions to the global
supply chain:
According to a survey of 450 executives from various
industries, 62% of businesses reported supply chain disruptions
that affected 20% to 80% of total volume.
When asked which supply chain weaknesses the epidemic had
exposed, 46% of the executives mentioned reliance on dubious
partners or governments.

2. How Do You Manage a Global Supply
Chain?
Over the past several decades, globalisation has been a
dominant trend in almost every industry as manufacturers and
other companies aim to benefit from the plentiful raw materials
and low-cost manufacturing accessible in developing nations
worldwide. The sophisticated networks of manufacturing,
logistics, transportation, and communication companies that
transfer goods and materials across international production
and distribution routes are known as global supply chains.
The process of assuring the safe and prompt delivery of
everything from raw materials to finished consumer goods as
they move from producers and suppliers to wholesalers,
retailers, and other distribution locations is known as global
supply chain management. Cost savings, efficiency gains, and
risk reduction are the three main objectives of supply chain
management.
Why Supply Chains Are Crucial and How
They Operate
Supply chains are the webs of connections between companies
as they make goods and transport them to clients, be they
consumers or other companies. According to Investopedia,
both domestic and international supply chains involve a wide
range of activities, organisations, and resources:
Before and During the COVID-19 Outbreak:
Worldwide Supply Channels
Long before the COVID-19 epidemic, businesses and
industries understood the important necessity of supply chain
management to the global economy. Despite this, many

3. enterprises across industries continued to rely on a single
source for the provision of essential goods and resources.
According to the law firm Foley & Lardner, the widespread use
of just-in-time (JIT) production models that limit inventory in an
effort to cut costs also left businesses more susceptible to
potential supply chain disruptions.
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According to the findings of a CEO poll by Foley published in
September 2020, firms have already started to place less
importance on cost savings in favour of enhancing their
resilience and lowering their reliance on production or sourcing
from China:
Why Businesses Place Growing Value on
Global Supply Networks
Numerous regions and businesses have benefited greatly from
the globalisation that opened supply chains to all nations.
During World War II, the trend towards open international
markets advanced gradually, but recent political changes
combined with pandemic pressure have caused established
supply chain ties across nations, continents, and political
systems to be disrupted.
Particularly high-tech enterprises depend on raw materials that
are mostly obtainable through international partners. According
to an article in Foreign Policy, U.S. technology companies are
stepping up their search for more accessible supplies of the
rare earth elements required to make the high-tech machinery
that powers the computer, electronics, and defence industries.
Currently, China and other foreign nations are the primary
suppliers of these essential raw commodities to the United
States.

4. global issues with supply chains Because of the Pandemic
Companies now rely on a single supplier or manufacturer for all
of their resource requirements, from raw materials to completed
goods, as a result of their concentration on cost savings in their
global supply chain management strategy. Manufacturers might
save money by acquiring all the parts required for assembling a
product from a single source.
The movement of people and goods around the world has
never been disrupted by a tragedy with the width and scale of
the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the fact that natural disasters,
harsh weather, and other occurrences have in the past had an
impact on the global supply chain. Four global supply chain
difficulties are cited by Supply & Demand Chain Executive as
the reasons why the pandemic’s effects on international trade
are so severe:
Geographic scope: COVID-19 has affected the entire
world’s population in a way that no other natural
calamity has.
The impact of COVID-19 is felt directly by all markets and
industries, in contrast to how most disasters and other
disruptions affect a small number of sectors directly and others
indirectly.
Demand shame: As individuals with large disposable incomes
opt to postpone or cancel planned purchases of luxury goods,
demand for high-end goods has dried up.
Even terrible natural disasters like the earthquakes and
tsunamis that hit Fukushima, Japan, in 2011, and Indonesia, in
2004, take most countries only a few years to recover from.
The effects of COVID-19 on global supply networks and
economy are anticipated to last for at least ten years.
The COVID-19 outbreak and how manufacturers are
responding to it serve as a stark reminder of how brittle global
supply networks may be.

5. Dependence on unreliable foreign sources for these products
has resulted in shortages of personal protective equipment
(PPE), medical testing equipment, dialysis products,
medications, and other essential medical supplies.
Emphasizing the use of products that may be recycled or used
for new purposes is one long-term option.
According to Supply Chain Management Review, the epidemic
has ravaged the food and beverage industries, reducing
operational capability “from farm field to consumer.” New
COVID-19 regulations have increased the cost of production,
processing, packing, and delivery, and stay-at-home orders
have caused a decline in the demand for restaurant food
service.
The closure of several manufacturing facilities by auto
manufacturers was prompted by a shortage of semiconductors
brought on by COVID-related supply chain problems. Due to
the shortfall, Ford Motor Company announced a one-week
closure of a facility in Louisville, Kentucky, and Fiat Chrysler
and Toyota North America both delayed the inauguration of
new plants.
Manufacturers and other firms are utilising possibilities to
implement significant operational adjustments in an effort to
mitigate the economic impact of COVID-19. Accenture lists the
following five areas for supply chain improvement:
By encouraging innovative work practises, you can keep
employees healthy and productive.
the data on demand, inventory, capacity, and money should be
more visible.
By carefully analysing the data, determine which market micro-
segments are the most lucrative.
By assembling quick-reaction teams equipped to manage a
variety of eventualities, you may prepare for future disruptions..

6. Imagine various supply chain scenarios and create plans based
on the best solutions for each one.
Maintaining Supply Chains While Keeping
Employees Safe.
The U.S. and other nations confront significant obstacles as
they attempt to maintain vital industrial and other supplies while
safeguarding workers and halting the virus’ spread. Shipments
of commodities via U.S. ports were not subject to the
restrictions on human travel that were put in place to reduce the
spread of viruses.
The difficulty for manufacturers is to continue operations
without endangering the health of its workers. 13 million people
are employed by U.S. manufacturers, according to PwC, but
very few of them are able to work remotely. Many
manufacturers are looking into automation technologies like
robotics and autonomous materials movement to separate
people in manufacturing environments due to the increased
danger of virus spread among employees.
How the Epidemic Exposed Vulnerabilities in the
World’s Supply Chains
Prior to COVID-19, manufacturers prioritised cost-cutting over
all other objectives. This resulted in an excessive reliance on
single-source suppliers, a focus on the lowest bids, and a lack
of supply chain transparency. According to David
Chesebrough, vice president of the National Defense Industries
Association, “a considerable lot of fragility” has been “injected”
into the manufacturers’ reliant global supply chains by JIT and
other cost-saving strategies.
When the pandemic broke out in early 2020, supplies of goods
and resources like medical supplies, essential security
equipment, and electrical and computer parts quickly ran out.

7. According to Institute for Supply Management CEO Thomas
Derry, the lack of openness in the business practises of
overseas partners also left supply chains open to vendors
peddling fake goods.