This document provides important guidelines for caring for bonsai plants, including avoiding choosing plants with large leaves, flowers, or fruits; using styles unsuitable for the species; using blunt cutting tools; unnatural decorations; being impatient for flowers or fruits before shaping; mixing chemicals and fertilizers; keeping bonsai on the ground; tying wire too tightly; retaining wires too long; hard pruning of conifers; heavy fertilization; and unnatural appearances.
Choose plants suitable for the local climate and position them correctly in containers with adequate drainage. Care for bonsai by pruning regularly, providing balanced nutrition with fertilizer, plenty of sunshine, and thorough watering until it drains. Inspect frequently for pests and diseases, and develop a natural-looking design that is well-balanced through constant care and affection.
Planting times for certain crops are February through March and July through August. Seeds can be sown in early spring from February to March or during the summer months from July to August.
This document provides important guidelines for caring for bonsai plants, including avoiding choosing plants with large leaves, flowers, or fruits; using styles unsuitable for the species; using blunt cutting tools; unnatural decorations; being impatient for flowers or fruits before shaping; mixing chemicals and fertilizers; keeping bonsai on the ground; tying wire too tightly; retaining wires too long; hard pruning of conifers; heavy fertilization; and unnatural appearances.
Choose plants suitable for the local climate and position them correctly in containers with adequate drainage. Care for bonsai by pruning regularly, providing balanced nutrition with fertilizer, plenty of sunshine, and thorough watering until it drains. Inspect frequently for pests and diseases, and develop a natural-looking design that is well-balanced through constant care and affection.
Planting times for certain crops are February through March and July through August. Seeds can be sown in early spring from February to March or during the summer months from July to August.
The document discusses a demonstration on Juniper bonsai trees that will take place in Columbia. Juniper bonsai are a popular type of bonsai tree that can be styled and shaped through careful pruning and training. The demonstration will cover basic bonsai techniques for caring for and maintaining Juniper bonsai trees.
This document lists the essential equipments and tools needed for bonsai, which includes a plant, pots of various shapes with drainage holes, a potting mixture of soil, sand and leaf mould, potting sticks, sieves, copper wire of varying thickness, wire cutters, pruning knives and secateurs, and watering equipment like a can and tub.
This document lists important plant species for growing bonsai in hilly areas, including Araucaria, Aucuba, Azalea, Camellia, Chinese hat, Coral tree, Cryptomeria, Cypress, Flame of the forest, Ginkgo, Juniper, Koelreuteria, Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree, Peach, Pines, Podocarpus, Sal, Silver fir, Spruce, Taxus, Thuja, Willows, and Zanthoxylum.
This document lists important plant species that are suitable for bonsai, including trees, shrubs, and bamboo. Some recommended species are amaltas, araucaria, babul, bamboo, banyan, ber, bottle brush, bougainvillea, casuarina, cherry, Chinese orange, coranda, cryptomeria, deodar, duranta, excoecaria, gulmohar, hibiscus, ixora, jacaranda, Java fig-tree, murraya, malpighia, oleander, peach, pines, pilkhan, pipal, plum, prosopis, silver oak, tamarind.
Propagation of plants can be done through seeds, cuttings, layering, grafting, or buying seedlings from a nursery. Some plants can also be propagated through collection from seeds or cuttings found in forests or fields.
Selection of plants for bonsai requires choosing species that can thrive in confined spaces with minimal resources. Good options are plants with small flowers and fruits that allow foliage to reduce to a quarter of its normal size, or those bearing flowers on leafless branches. The selected plant must be able to withstand stress from a small pot and low nutrients.
Pruning and trimming helps develop trees into attractive shapes by restricting growth and maintaining a proper balance between roots and shoots. It involves regularly cutting no more than 1/3 of roots or shoots to reduce growth in a controlled manner. Proper pruning techniques help develop good structure and form for trees.
Ideal nutrition for bonsai includes sludge or well rotten cow dung slurry mixed with groundnut, cotton, or neem cake allowed to ferment for a month before diluting. This mixture is given twice a month along with bone meal and single super phosphate, which are also very beneficial.
Growing media for bonsai should be coarse and well-drained to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients. An ideal medium consists of equal parts soil, leaf mold, and crushed brick or sand. The top layer needs sufficient humus, while conifer plants do better in drier soil and fruit trees prefer more humus-rich soil.
This document discusses a landscaping style using cascading plants with variegated star jasmine. Cascade style landscaping features plants hanging over walls or spilling out of containers to create a sense of movement. Variegated star jasmine is recommended as it has green and white variegated leaves and fragrant white flowers that bloom throughout the summer. This combination provides visual interest and fragrance.
This half cascade style bouquet features gardenias as the primary flower. Gardenias are known for their highly fragrant white blooms and waxy green leaves. This elegant floral arrangement is perfect for spring and summer weddings or other celebrations where a fresh, romantic look is desired.
Azaleas are a flowering shrub with delicate blooms that come in a variety of colors. They thrive in partial shade and well-draining soil, and prefer more acidic conditions. When planted and cared for properly, azaleas can add beautiful floral displays and structural framing to gardens and landscapes throughout the spring months.
Structural bonsai style focuses on the overall structure and silhouette of the tree rather than fine details. The goal is to depict the essence of the species through its trunk, branches, and overall shape using minimal pruning and wiring. This style emphasizes the natural growth pattern and proportions that give the impression of an older, mature tree in miniature.
The Japanese maple is a delicate, ornamental tree known for its finely dissected leaves that change color in autumn. It has an irregular, often multi-stemmed structure that branches close to the ground, creating a rounded or vase-shaped silhouette. The Japanese maple is prized in landscapes for its graceful form and seasonal displays of foliage.
The document discusses a demonstration on Juniper bonsai trees that will take place in Columbia. Juniper bonsai are a popular type of bonsai tree that can be styled and shaped through careful pruning and training. The demonstration will cover basic bonsai techniques for caring for and maintaining Juniper bonsai trees.
This document lists the essential equipments and tools needed for bonsai, which includes a plant, pots of various shapes with drainage holes, a potting mixture of soil, sand and leaf mould, potting sticks, sieves, copper wire of varying thickness, wire cutters, pruning knives and secateurs, and watering equipment like a can and tub.
This document lists important plant species for growing bonsai in hilly areas, including Araucaria, Aucuba, Azalea, Camellia, Chinese hat, Coral tree, Cryptomeria, Cypress, Flame of the forest, Ginkgo, Juniper, Koelreuteria, Maple, Magnolia, Plane tree, Peach, Pines, Podocarpus, Sal, Silver fir, Spruce, Taxus, Thuja, Willows, and Zanthoxylum.
This document lists important plant species that are suitable for bonsai, including trees, shrubs, and bamboo. Some recommended species are amaltas, araucaria, babul, bamboo, banyan, ber, bottle brush, bougainvillea, casuarina, cherry, Chinese orange, coranda, cryptomeria, deodar, duranta, excoecaria, gulmohar, hibiscus, ixora, jacaranda, Java fig-tree, murraya, malpighia, oleander, peach, pines, pilkhan, pipal, plum, prosopis, silver oak, tamarind.
Propagation of plants can be done through seeds, cuttings, layering, grafting, or buying seedlings from a nursery. Some plants can also be propagated through collection from seeds or cuttings found in forests or fields.
Selection of plants for bonsai requires choosing species that can thrive in confined spaces with minimal resources. Good options are plants with small flowers and fruits that allow foliage to reduce to a quarter of its normal size, or those bearing flowers on leafless branches. The selected plant must be able to withstand stress from a small pot and low nutrients.
Pruning and trimming helps develop trees into attractive shapes by restricting growth and maintaining a proper balance between roots and shoots. It involves regularly cutting no more than 1/3 of roots or shoots to reduce growth in a controlled manner. Proper pruning techniques help develop good structure and form for trees.
Ideal nutrition for bonsai includes sludge or well rotten cow dung slurry mixed with groundnut, cotton, or neem cake allowed to ferment for a month before diluting. This mixture is given twice a month along with bone meal and single super phosphate, which are also very beneficial.
Growing media for bonsai should be coarse and well-drained to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients. An ideal medium consists of equal parts soil, leaf mold, and crushed brick or sand. The top layer needs sufficient humus, while conifer plants do better in drier soil and fruit trees prefer more humus-rich soil.
This document discusses a landscaping style using cascading plants with variegated star jasmine. Cascade style landscaping features plants hanging over walls or spilling out of containers to create a sense of movement. Variegated star jasmine is recommended as it has green and white variegated leaves and fragrant white flowers that bloom throughout the summer. This combination provides visual interest and fragrance.
This half cascade style bouquet features gardenias as the primary flower. Gardenias are known for their highly fragrant white blooms and waxy green leaves. This elegant floral arrangement is perfect for spring and summer weddings or other celebrations where a fresh, romantic look is desired.
Azaleas are a flowering shrub with delicate blooms that come in a variety of colors. They thrive in partial shade and well-draining soil, and prefer more acidic conditions. When planted and cared for properly, azaleas can add beautiful floral displays and structural framing to gardens and landscapes throughout the spring months.
Structural bonsai style focuses on the overall structure and silhouette of the tree rather than fine details. The goal is to depict the essence of the species through its trunk, branches, and overall shape using minimal pruning and wiring. This style emphasizes the natural growth pattern and proportions that give the impression of an older, mature tree in miniature.
The Japanese maple is a delicate, ornamental tree known for its finely dissected leaves that change color in autumn. It has an irregular, often multi-stemmed structure that branches close to the ground, creating a rounded or vase-shaped silhouette. The Japanese maple is prized in landscapes for its graceful form and seasonal displays of foliage.
1. Giải thuật Kĩ thuật phân tích giải thuật
1. Tính thời gian thực hiện của C, B2, B11 và B12. Vì các chương trình con
này không gọi chương trình con nào cả.
2. Tính thời gian thực hiện của B1. Vì B1 gọi B11 và B12 mà thời gian thực
hiện của B11 và B12 đã được tính ở bước 1.
3. Tính thời gian thực hiện của B. Vì B gọi B1 và B2 mà thời gian thực hiện
của B1 đã được tính ở bước 2 và thời gian thực hiện của B2 đã được tính ở
bước 1.
4. Tính thời gian thực hiện của A. Vì A gọi B và C mà thời gian thực hiện của
B đã được tính ở bước 3 và thời gian thực hiện của C đã được tính ở bước 1.
Ví dụ 1-9: Ta có thể viết lại chương trình sắp xếp bubble như sau: Trước hết chúng
ta viết thủ tục Swap để thực hiện việc hoàn đổi hai phần tử cho nhau, sau đso trong
thủ tục Bubble, khi cần ta sẽ gọi đến thủ tục Swap này.
PROCEDURE Swap (VAR x, y: Integer);
VAR temp: Integer;
BEGIN
temp := x;
x := y;
y := temp;
END;
PROCEDURE Bubble (VAR a: ARRAY[1..n] OF integer);
VAR i,j :Integer;
BEGIN
{1} FOR i:=1 TO n-1 DO
{2} FOR j:=n DOWNTO i+1 DO
{3} IF a[j-1]>a[j] THEN Swap(a[j-1], a[j]);
END;
Trong cách viết trên, chương trình Bubble gọi chương trình con Swap, do đó để tính
thời gian thực hiện của Bubble, trước hết ta cần tính thời gian thực hiện của Swap.
Dễ thấy thời gian thực hiện của Swap là O(1) vì nó chỉ bao gồm 3 lệnh gán.
Trong Bubble, lệnh {3} gọi Swap nên chỉ tốn O(1), lệnh {2} thực hiện n-i lần, mỗi
lần tốn O(1) nên tốn O(n-i). Lệnh {1} thực hiện n-1 lần nên
∑
−
=
−
=−=
1n
1i 2
1)n(n
i)(nT(n) = O(n2
).
1.6 PHÂN TÍCH CÁC CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ÐỆ QUY
Với các chương trình có gọi các chương trình con đệ quy, ta không thể áp dụng
cách tính như vừa trình bày trong mục 1.5.4 bởi vì một chương trình đệ quy sẽ gọi
chính bản thân nó. Có thể thấy hình ảnh chương trình đệ quy A như sau:
A
Hình 1-2: Sơ đồ chương trình con A đệ quy
Nguyễn Văn Linh Trang 7
![Giải thuật Kĩ thuật phân tích giải thuật
1. Tính thời gian thực hiện của C, B2, B11 và B12. Vì các chương trình con
này không gọi chương trình con nào cả.
2. Tính thời gian thực hiện của B1. Vì B1 gọi B11 và B12 mà thời gian thực
hiện của B11 và B12 đã được tính ở bước 1.
3. Tính thời gian thực hiện của B. Vì B gọi B1 và B2 mà thời gian thực hiện
của B1 đã được tính ở bước 2 và thời gian thực hiện của B2 đã được tính ở
bước 1.
4. Tính thời gian thực hiện của A. Vì A gọi B và C mà thời gian thực hiện của
B đã được tính ở bước 3 và thời gian thực hiện của C đã được tính ở bước 1.
Ví dụ 1-9: Ta có thể viết lại chương trình sắp xếp bubble như sau: Trước hết chúng
ta viết thủ tục Swap để thực hiện việc hoàn đổi hai phần tử cho nhau, sau đso trong
thủ tục Bubble, khi cần ta sẽ gọi đến thủ tục Swap này.
PROCEDURE Swap (VAR x, y: Integer);
VAR temp: Integer;
BEGIN
temp := x;
x := y;
y := temp;
END;
PROCEDURE Bubble (VAR a: ARRAY[1..n] OF integer);
VAR i,j :Integer;
BEGIN
{1} FOR i:=1 TO n-1 DO
{2} FOR j:=n DOWNTO i+1 DO
{3} IF a[j-1]>a[j] THEN Swap(a[j-1], a[j]);
END;
Trong cách viết trên, chương trình Bubble gọi chương trình con Swap, do đó để tính
thời gian thực hiện của Bubble, trước hết ta cần tính thời gian thực hiện của Swap.
Dễ thấy thời gian thực hiện của Swap là O(1) vì nó chỉ bao gồm 3 lệnh gán.
Trong Bubble, lệnh {3} gọi Swap nên chỉ tốn O(1), lệnh {2} thực hiện n-i lần, mỗi
lần tốn O(1) nên tốn O(n-i). Lệnh {1} thực hiện n-1 lần nên
∑
−
=
−
=−=
1n
1i 2
1)n(n
i)(nT(n) = O(n2
).
1.6 PHÂN TÍCH CÁC CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ÐỆ QUY
Với các chương trình có gọi các chương trình con đệ quy, ta không thể áp dụng
cách tính như vừa trình bày trong mục 1.5.4 bởi vì một chương trình đệ quy sẽ gọi
chính bản thân nó. Có thể thấy hình ảnh chương trình đệ quy A như sau:
A
Hình 1-2: Sơ đồ chương trình con A đệ quy
Nguyễn Văn Linh Trang 7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/giaotrinhgiaithuat12-150908015632-lva1-app6891/85/Giao-trinhgiaithuat12-1-320.jpg)
