Genital tuberculosis

1. Genetic Tuberculosis: An In-depth
Overview
• Understanding the Genetic Aspects of TB
• Presented by: [Your Name]
• Date: [Insert Date]

2. Introduction to Tuberculosis (TB)
• - Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• - Global health challenge, especially in low-
income countries
• - Transmitted via airborne particles

3. Types of Tuberculosis
• - Pulmonary TB
• - Extrapulmonary TB
• - Latent vs Active TB

4. Genetic Tuberculosis - What Does
It Mean?
• - Not inherited like genetic disorders
• - Refers to host genetic susceptibility
• - Involves genetic mutations in the bacteria
and the human host

5. Genetic Susceptibility in Humans
• - Host genes affect immune response
• - Key genes:
• - NRAMP1 (SLC11A1)
• - IFNG (Interferon-gamma)
• - IL-12, IL-10
• - VDR (Vitamin D Receptor)
• - Polymorphisms in these genes can increase
TB risk

6. Genetic Variation in M.
tuberculosis
• - Bacterial genome evolution
• - Drug resistance due to mutations:
• - rpoB gene → Rifampicin resistance
• - katG gene → Isoniazid resistance
• - Lineages: Beijing, Euro-American, Indo-
Oceanic, etc.

7. Host-Pathogen Interaction
• - TB evades immune system via:
• - Inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion
• - Manipulating cytokine response
• - Genetic makeup influences infection
outcomes

8. Role of Epigenetics
• - Epigenetic changes (e.g., methylation) affect
gene expression
• - Influences immune response
• - Could be targeted for therapy

9. TB and Genetic Testing
• - Whole-genome sequencing of M.
tuberculosis
• - Pharmacogenomics for TB treatment
• - Potential for personalized medicine

10. Implications for Public Health
• - Understanding genetic susceptibility aids in:
• - Risk stratification
• - Tailored treatment plans
• - Drug development

11. Future Directions
• - CRISPR and gene-editing tools in research
• - Host-directed therapies
• - More studies on gene-environment
interactions

12. Conclusion
• - Genetic TB is not hereditary but genetically
influenced
• - Both host and pathogen genetics are crucial
• - Research continues to improve outcomes

13. References
• - [Add scientific papers, WHO reports, etc.]