Presentation about Islamic Religious in our university............

1. NAMES OF GROUP
MEMBERS:

3. Islamic Religious Practices
Compared to a religion like Hinduism, Islam enjoys simpler and fewer religious practices. While
Hindus have grand religious ceremonies “thirteen times in a year”, Muslims have only two major
religious festivals during the whole year. Islam enjoins only five religious practices as obligatory.
These “five pillars of Islam Are as follows:
Iman: It is the most important element in the religious practice of Islam is faith in Allah as the
one and only Allah. A man remains a Muslim as long as he believes in tawhid (the oneness of
Allah) even if he does not carry out the “branch duties”.
Namaz: Every adult Muslim has to pray five times a day.
Roza: It is the Third pillar of Islam. Every muslim has to perform it. Fasting means to
abstention from drinking and eating from dawn till sunset.
Zakat: Zakat is obligatory for all muslim. Muslim has to donate a certain percentage of his
wealth towards the welfare of the poorer section of the community every year.
Hajj: One pilgrimage to mecca is obligatory for muslim who can afford not only traveling to
mecca but also to come back home.

4. Category Frequency Percentage
High Religious Practice 1779 51.4
Medium Religious
Practice
1656 47.8
Low Religious Practice 26 0.8
Total 3461 100.0

5. Category Frequency Percentage
High Religious Practice 1035 49.6
Medium Religious
Practice
975 46.8
Low Religious Practice 76 3.6
Total 2086 100.0

6. We have stated in chapter III that we do not claim perfection in the question and
procedure of scoring that we used in the construction of the scale of religious beliefs.
We also do not claim sophistication for the questions and method of scoring that we
have used in this chapter to measure the levels of observance of religious practice. We
argue here again that Tables 5.1 (Rural) and 5.1 (Urban)based on our index, give at least
a rough idea of the levels of observance of Islamic religious practice in Bangladesh
today.
Table Rural and Table Urban show the extensive observance of Islamic practice in
contemporary Bangladesh. Only about 1 percent of our rural sample and about 4 percent of
urban sample belongs to the low category of religious practice. While 47.8 percent rural
sample and 46.8 percent of urban sample belongs to the medium category of religious
practice. 51.4 percent of rural and 49.6 percent of urban is belongs to high religious practice
category. In the urban sample the high and medium levels of religious practice achieve scores
of 49.6 and 46.8 percent respectively. Thus about half of both the rural and urban samples
have more than a casual interest in religion. The other halves of both the sample are high
religious practitioners.

7. It is usually held that illiterate Muslims in Bangladesh are punctilious in observance of
religious practices and that educated Bangladeshis “become either indifferent or lax in the
observance of the rituals” Our Tables indicate that the above view about relationship between
education and religious practice is too simplistic. As the X test of table 5.3 (Rural) shows, levels
of education do not seem to make any difference in the degrees of observance of religious
practices in the rural area where about 55 percent of our respondents are illiterate and only 4.8
percent of them have higher levels of education.
How is education related to religious practice? Tables 5.3 (Rural) and 5.3 (Urban) examine the
relationship between education and religious practice.

8. Rural- Urban
Categories
High Religious
Practice
Medium Religious
Practice
Low Religious
Practice
Row Total
Rural Area
1779
51.40
63.21
1.27
1656
47.85
62.94
0.8
26
0.75
25.49
-7.76
3461
62.4
Urban Area 1035
49.61
36.78
-1.28
975
46.74
37.05
-0.79
76
3.64
74.5
10.01
2086
37.6
Column Total 2814
50.73
2631
47.43
102
1.84
5547
100.0
X=58.284 with 2 df P<0.005

9. However we find a different picture of the relationship between education and
religious practice in our urban sample in which 94 percent of our respondents are
illiterate, and where 57 percent of our interviewees have higher education. The X test of
table 5.2 (Urban) shows a significant association between education and religious
practice and a distinct pattern of relationship levels of education and degree of religious
practice emerges if we look at the adjusted residuals of the cells of the table.

10. Education High Religious
Practice
Medium
Religious Practice
Low Religious
Practice
Row Total
No Education 940
49.6
52.8
939
49.5
56.7
17
0.9
65.4
1896
54.8
Class I-V 418
53.8
23.5
357
46.0
21.6
2
0.2
7.7
777
22.4
Class VI-X 321
54.0
18.4
270
45.3
16.3
4
0.7
15.4
595
17.2
Intermediate and
above
81
49.1
4.6
81
49.1
4.9
3
1.8
11.5
165
4.8
Not stated 19
67.9
1.1
9
32.1
0.5
0
0
0
28
0.8
Column Total 1779
51.4
1656
47.8
26
0.8
3461
100.0
X=14.265 with 8 df, P>0.05

11. Education High Religious
Practice
Medium Religious
Practice
Low Religious
Practice
Row Total
No Education 84
67.7
8.1
4.16
39
31.4
4.0
-3.51
1
0.8
1.3
-1.73
124
5.9
Class I-V 69
71.9
6.7
4.46
27
28.1
2.8
-3.74
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.95
96
4.7
Class VI-X 362
54.8
35.0
2.96
299
44.9
30.7
-1.15
5
0.08
6.6
-4.82
666
31.9
Intermediate and
above
518
43.49
50.0
-6.45
603
50.62
61.8
4.0
70
5.9
92.1
6.28
1191
57.0
Not stated 2
22.2
0.2
-1.64
7
77.8
0.7
1.87
0
0
0
-0.58
9
0.4
Column Total 1035
49.5
975
46.7
76
3.6
2086
100.0
X=88.861 with 8df, P<0.001

12. Illiteracy seems to be associated with high religious practice. The degree of association
between primary-level education and high religious practice seems to be even stronger. The
level of association between high religious practice and education begins to decrease with
middle-level education, although association between the two variables seems still strong at
that level of education. At the level of high education seems to have more significant
association with medium and low levels of religious practice, particularly with the latter.

13. Occupation and Religious Practice
Table 5.4 rural and 5.4 urban shows significant association between occupation and religious
practice. Table rural shows that agriculture in the rural area seem to be associated more with the
medium level of religious practice than with high or low levels. The village traders are also
likely to be oriented more towards medium rather than high or low level of religious
conformity. The Professionals (teachers, service-holders, doctors) whose professional education
and training are of a much lower order than those of their counterparts in the urban area. Rural
housewives are more likely to have association with high religious practice than with medium
and low degrees of religious observance. Rural students do not seem to be associated
particularly with any level of religious practice.

14. Occupation High Religious Practice Medium Religious Practice Low Religious Practice Row Total
Agriculture 519
43.4
29.2
-6.88
667
55.7
40.3
6.74
11
0.9
42.3
0.83
1197
34.6
Trade 92
39.0
5.2
-3.95
142
60.2
8.6
3.92
2
0.8
7.7
0.17
236
6.8
Professionals (teachers,
service-holders, doctors)
94
59.1
5.3
1.99
65
40.9
3.9
-1.8
0
0
0
-1.12
1462
42.2
Housewives 901
61.6
50.6
10.29
552
37.8
33.3
-10.16
9
0.6
34.6
-0.79
1462
42.2
Students 109
48.0
6.1
-1.05
117
51.5
7.1
1.15
1
0.4
3.8
-0.56
227
6.6
Unemployed and others 6.4
35.6
3.6
-4.36
113
62.8
6.8
4.11
3
1.7
11.5
1.46
180
5.2
Column Total 1179
51.4
1656
47.8
26
0.8
3461
100.0
Table 5.4: Rural
X=132.126 with 8 df, P<.001

15. Table5.4: Urban
X=166.361 with 8 df, P<.001
Occupation High Religious
Practice
Medium Religious
Practice
Low Religious
Practice
Row Total
Business and
industry
138
46.5
13.3
-1.17
146
49.12
15.0
0.90
13
4.4
17.1
0.72
297
14.2
Professionals
(teachers, service-
holders, doctors,
lawyers)
193
46.6
18.6
-1.36
193
46.6
19.8
-0.05
28
6.8
36.8
3.78
414
19.8
Students 203
33.7
19.6
-9.24
374
62.1
38.4
8.97
25
4.2
32.9
0.79
602
28.9
Housewives 480
66.8
46.4
11.35
232
32.3
23.8
-9.6
7
1.0
9.2
-4.71
719
34.5
Unemployed and
others
21
38.9
2.0
-1.59
30
55.6
3.0
1.31
3
5.6
4.0
0.75
54
2.6
Column total 1035
49.6
975
46.7
70
3.6
2086
100.0

16. As table 5.4 urban shows ,in contrast to the pioneers of capitalist revolution in the west, the
business and industrial group in Bangladesh does not seem to have any particular association
with high religious practice. The professionals the usual leaders of the modernization
process in the third world , seem to have more association with low rather than high or
medium religious practice. Urban students seem to have more association with medium
religious practice. Lastly , like their sisters in the rural area, the urban housewives seem to
more significantly associated with high level religious practice rather than medium or low
levels of religious practice.