Gall v. us
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Brian Gall was convicted of conspiracy to distribute ecstasy and sentenced to 36 months probation by the district court. The government appealed, challenging the leniency of the sentence. The Supreme Court held that the district court must make an individualized assessment when sentencing based on the specific facts of the case. While the appeals court may have disagreed with the district court's decision, it should have given deference to the reasoned decision that probation was justified according to the statutory sentencing factors. The Supreme Court remanded the case, finding that the appeals court did not appropriately defer to the district court's sentencing determination.
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State v. tomaino
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State v. stark
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State v. snowden
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State v. schleifer
1. The defendant stood in front of a crowd and told them to commit various crimes including breaking windows, assaulting someone with a lead pipe, and stealing property. He was charged with solicitation to commit crimes.
2. The issue is whether an individual can be punished under the law for inciting and commanding multiple people to commit serious crimes with wanton disregard for life and property.
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State v. ninham
Omer Ninham, who was 14 years old at the time, was convicted of first-degree intentional homicide for his role in beating a man and causing him to fall to his death. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Ninham appealed his sentence, arguing that it was unconstitutional punishment for a 14-year-old and excessively harsh. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's ruling, finding that a life sentence without parole for a 14-year-old convicted of homicide was not categorically unconstitutional. The Court also determined that Ninham's sentence was not disproportionate to his crime and that his family's religious beliefs were not improperly considered in sentencing.
State v. mays
The defendant, Kenneth Rokicki, was charged with a hate crime for yelling gay slurs at a Pizza Hut employee and disturbing other customers and staff. Rokicki argued that the hate crime statute was unconstitutional. The trial court convicted Rokicki and sentenced him to probation and community service. On appeal, the court affirmed the conviction, finding that the hate crime statute was not overly broad or a violation of free speech. The statute permissibly punished bias-motivated conduct more harshly than identical unbiased conduct based on sound public policy.
State v. loge
Steven Loge was stopped by police for speeding. During the stop, police found an open beer bottle under the passenger seat of the truck Loge was driving. Loge was charged with violating a statute prohibiting open containers of alcohol in vehicles. The trial court found Loge had "absolute liability" under the statute and did not require proof of knowledge of the open container. The appellate court affirmed, stating knowledge was not required. The state Supreme Court also affirmed, finding the statute unambiguously did not require knowledge as an element of the offense in order to protect society. The court reasoned that by taking control of the truck, Loge took control of all contents, including the open bottles.
State v. kimball
James Kimball entered a party store after drinking vodka and taking medication. He pet the store dog and approached a cash register, demanding money from the clerk. The clerk did not take the demands seriously at first. Kimball was charged with and convicted of attempted unarmed robbery at a bench trial. The appellate court reversed the conviction, finding that while Kimball committed overt acts, there was insufficient evidence that he possessed the specific intent to commit robbery. The case was remanded for a new trial.
State v. jantzi
Peter Jantzi accompanies Diane Anderson to her estranged husband Rex Anderson's house and lets the air out of the tires of Rex's van. Rex chases Peter down a bicycle path and jumps on him, getting stabbed in the abdomen by Peter's knife. Peter is convicted of assault in the 2nd degree. The Court of Appeals affirms the conviction but modifies it to assault in the 3rd degree and remands for resentencing, finding that while Peter knew he had a weapon and an injury could occur, he did not intend to stab Rex.
State v. hoying
1) Ted Hoying began stalking and harassing his ex-coworker Kelly Criswell after she declined his date request and left her job, sending her over 100 emails between August and September 2003 in violation of a civil protection order.
2) Hoying was convicted of menacing by stalking and sentenced to 6.5 years in prison.
3) The appeals court affirmed the conviction and sentencing, finding that the content of Hoying's emails would cause mental distress, and his behavior after the jury verdict showed a refusal to submit to the law.
State v. chism
This document summarizes a court case, State v. Chism. It describes the key facts of the case: Brian Chism was driven by Tony Duke with Chism's uncle Ira Lloyd also in the car. During the ride, an argument broke out between Ira and his ex-wife Gloria, which resulted in Ira stabbing and killing Gloria. Chism and Duke then removed Gloria's body from the car per Ira's demands before leaving. Chism was later convicted of being an accessory after the fact. The issue on appeal was whether Chism assisted Ira under circumstances that indicated Chism actively wanted to help Ira avoid arrest. The court upheld Chism's conviction, finding sufficient
State v. chaney
The Alaska Supreme Court remanded the case of State v. Chaney, finding the trial court's sentence of one year imprisonment for forcible rape and robbery was too lenient. Donald Chaney, a high school dropout with no criminal record, was charged with two counts of forcible rape and one count of robbery. While the trial court and Division of Corrections recommended lighter sentences, the Alaska Supreme Court believed longer sentences were necessary to affirm societal norms against such serious crimes and ensure no favoritism was shown due to Chaney's status. As Chaney showed no remorse for his actions and there was no credible statement from his perspective regarding the incidents, he deserved a punishment fitting the crimes.
State v. burrell
Marc Burrell was convicted of manslaughter after shooting and killing Douglas Saari at a house. Burrell claimed he had a lazy eye that made it difficult to see anything to his left. He appealed the conviction, arguing the jury was not instructed that they had to find he voluntarily pulled the trigger. The New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, holding that criminal liability only requires the overall conduct include a voluntary act, not that every single preceding act be voluntary as well.
State v. akers
1. Two fathers were found guilty of allowing their minor children to drive snowmobiles in violation of state statutes regulating off-highway recreational vehicles.
2. The issue is whether liability can be imposed on parents under RSA 626: 8 II(b), a statute regarding parental responsibility.
3. The New Hampshire Supreme Court held that no liability can be imposed on the parents under this statute. The statute was not intended to impose criminal liability solely due to parental status, as that would violate due process under the New Hampshire Constitution.
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Us v. garcia
The document summarizes a court case, US v. Garcia. It describes a shooting that occurred at a party between rival gangs, the Crips and Bloods. Cody Garcia, a member of the Bloods, arrived and exchanged words with the Crips. A shooting broke out and four people were injured, though there was no evidence Garcia fired a weapon. Garcia was charged with conspiracy to assault three individuals. The court of appeals reversed Garcia's conviction, finding the government did not provide sufficient evidence of an agreement or overt act to prove the conspiracy charge. There was no testimony about what led to the shooting or evidence of a prearranged plan. Gang tensions alone do not establish conspiracy.
Us v. ancheta
Jeanson James Ancheta pled guilty to conspiracy to violate the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and conspiracy to violate the CAN-SPAM Act. He admitted to using computer servers to transmit malicious code over the internet and scan/exploit other computers. He directed an Internet Relay Chat Channel to help spread "zombie" bots. He was sentenced to 57 months in federal prison in Los Angeles. The court affirmed that the prison term was fair for someone who spread computer viruses to generate over $100,000 and infect 400,000 computers.
State v. zeta chi fraternity
The New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, finding that agents of Zeta Chi Fraternity acted within the scope of their authority and on behalf of the corporation. Witness testimony established that fraternity members controlled the beer machine and space, and were aware underage drinking was occurring. The fraternity also knowingly allowed oral sex acts in exchange for money to occur
State v. ulvinen
Helen Ulvinen was convicted of first-degree murder for the killing of Carol Hoffman by Helen's son David Hoffman. David strangled and dismembered his wife Carol. He called his mother Helen to watch the children while he disposed of Carol's body. The Minnesota Supreme Court reversed Helen's conviction. There was no evidence that Helen influenced David's decision to kill his wife. As David's parent, Helen was insulated by statute from guilt as an accomplice after the fact for her conduct. The evidence at best showed that Helen passively acquiesced to David's plan, which is not a criminal offense under Minnesota law.
State v. tomaino
A clerk at a video store sold an R-rated video to a minor, despite the store owner not being present. The store owner was convicted under a statute prohibiting disseminating harmful materials to juveniles. The appellate court reversed the conviction, finding that the statute requires personal action by the defendant, and as the owner was not present, the statute did not apply to him. The case was remanded for a new trial with proper jury instructions.
State v. stark
Calvin Stark tested positive for HIV in 1988 and was informed by his doctor that he must disclose his status before engaging in sexual activity. Despite this, Stark had unprotected sex with three victims between 1989-1990 without informing them of his HIV status. He was charged with three counts of assault. At his bench trials, Stark was found guilty on all counts. The court affirmed the convictions, finding that the evidence - including Stark being counseled on safe sex practices and testimony from his victims and neighbors - supported the element of intent to inflict bodily harm.
State v. snowden
Raymond Snowden met Cora Dean at a club and they left together. They argued over cab fare, Snowden pulled out a knife and cut her throat, severing her spinal cord and causing her death. Snowden then disposed of evidence from the crime. He pled guilty to murder in the first degree. The Supreme Court affirmed the district court's decision, finding that Snowden had sufficient time after meeting Dean to develop the desire to kill her, showing malice aforethought. The court reasoned that Snowden's acts met the statutory definition of deliberate and premeditated murder.
State v. sexton
Ronald Sexton was seen arguing with Alquadir Matthews before Matthews told Sexton his gun was unloaded and a bullet was fired, killing Matthews. At trial, a ballistics expert testified that it was impossible to see if the gun was loaded without pulling the slide back, and someone unfamiliar with guns could assume it was unloaded. Sexton was convicted of manslaughter and unlawful gun possession. The Supreme Court affirmed the appellate court's reversal, holding that the state failed to prove Sexton knew the gun was loaded, which is essential to the charges. The case was remanded.
State v. schleifer
1. The defendant stood in front of a crowd and told them to commit various crimes including breaking windows, assaulting someone with a lead pipe, and stealing property. He was charged with solicitation to commit crimes.
2. The issue is whether an individual can be punished under the law for inciting and commanding multiple people to commit serious crimes with wanton disregard for life and property.
3. The court held that solicitation to another to commit felonies with dangerous weapons is a crime under common law, so the judgment was set aside and the case remanded.
State v. ninham
Omer Ninham, who was 14 years old at the time, was convicted of first-degree intentional homicide for his role in beating a man and causing him to fall to his death. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Ninham appealed his sentence, arguing that it was unconstitutional punishment for a 14-year-old and excessively harsh. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's ruling, finding that a life sentence without parole for a 14-year-old convicted of homicide was not categorically unconstitutional. The Court also determined that Ninham's sentence was not disproportionate to his crime and that his family's religious beliefs were not improperly considered in sentencing.
State v. mays
The defendant, Kenneth Rokicki, was charged with a hate crime for yelling gay slurs at a Pizza Hut employee and disturbing other customers and staff. Rokicki argued that the hate crime statute was unconstitutional. The trial court convicted Rokicki and sentenced him to probation and community service. On appeal, the court affirmed the conviction, finding that the hate crime statute was not overly broad or a violation of free speech. The statute permissibly punished bias-motivated conduct more harshly than identical unbiased conduct based on sound public policy.
State v. loge
Steven Loge was stopped by police for speeding. During the stop, police found an open beer bottle under the passenger seat of the truck Loge was driving. Loge was charged with violating a statute prohibiting open containers of alcohol in vehicles. The trial court found Loge had "absolute liability" under the statute and did not require proof of knowledge of the open container. The appellate court affirmed, stating knowledge was not required. The state Supreme Court also affirmed, finding the statute unambiguously did not require knowledge as an element of the offense in order to protect society. The court reasoned that by taking control of the truck, Loge took control of all contents, including the open bottles.
State v. kimball
James Kimball entered a party store after drinking vodka and taking medication. He pet the store dog and approached a cash register, demanding money from the clerk. The clerk did not take the demands seriously at first. Kimball was charged with and convicted of attempted unarmed robbery at a bench trial. The appellate court reversed the conviction, finding that while Kimball committed overt acts, there was insufficient evidence that he possessed the specific intent to commit robbery. The case was remanded for a new trial.
State v. jantzi
Peter Jantzi accompanies Diane Anderson to her estranged husband Rex Anderson's house and lets the air out of the tires of Rex's van. Rex chases Peter down a bicycle path and jumps on him, getting stabbed in the abdomen by Peter's knife. Peter is convicted of assault in the 2nd degree. The Court of Appeals affirms the conviction but modifies it to assault in the 3rd degree and remands for resentencing, finding that while Peter knew he had a weapon and an injury could occur, he did not intend to stab Rex.
State v. hoying
1) Ted Hoying began stalking and harassing his ex-coworker Kelly Criswell after she declined his date request and left her job, sending her over 100 emails between August and September 2003 in violation of a civil protection order.
2) Hoying was convicted of menacing by stalking and sentenced to 6.5 years in prison.
3) The appeals court affirmed the conviction and sentencing, finding that the content of Hoying's emails would cause mental distress, and his behavior after the jury verdict showed a refusal to submit to the law.
State v. chism
This document summarizes a court case, State v. Chism. It describes the key facts of the case: Brian Chism was driven by Tony Duke with Chism's uncle Ira Lloyd also in the car. During the ride, an argument broke out between Ira and his ex-wife Gloria, which resulted in Ira stabbing and killing Gloria. Chism and Duke then removed Gloria's body from the car per Ira's demands before leaving. Chism was later convicted of being an accessory after the fact. The issue on appeal was whether Chism assisted Ira under circumstances that indicated Chism actively wanted to help Ira avoid arrest. The court upheld Chism's conviction, finding sufficient
State v. chaney
The Alaska Supreme Court remanded the case of State v. Chaney, finding the trial court's sentence of one year imprisonment for forcible rape and robbery was too lenient. Donald Chaney, a high school dropout with no criminal record, was charged with two counts of forcible rape and one count of robbery. While the trial court and Division of Corrections recommended lighter sentences, the Alaska Supreme Court believed longer sentences were necessary to affirm societal norms against such serious crimes and ensure no favoritism was shown due to Chaney's status. As Chaney showed no remorse for his actions and there was no credible statement from his perspective regarding the incidents, he deserved a punishment fitting the crimes.
State v. burrell
Marc Burrell was convicted of manslaughter after shooting and killing Douglas Saari at a house. Burrell claimed he had a lazy eye that made it difficult to see anything to his left. He appealed the conviction, arguing the jury was not instructed that they had to find he voluntarily pulled the trigger. The New Hampshire Supreme Court affirmed the conviction, holding that criminal liability only requires the overall conduct include a voluntary act, not that every single preceding act be voluntary as well.
State v. akers
1. Two fathers were found guilty of allowing their minor children to drive snowmobiles in violation of state statutes regulating off-highway recreational vehicles.
2. The issue is whether liability can be imposed on parents under RSA 626: 8 II(b), a statute regarding parental responsibility.
3. The New Hampshire Supreme Court held that no liability can be imposed on the parents under this statute. The statute was not intended to impose criminal liability solely due to parental status, as that would violate due process under the New Hampshire Constitution.
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快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional and judicial approach
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptx
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
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Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
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Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
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Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
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The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
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San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Gall v. us
- 1. HaroldSowards CJ 322, Tu/Th 9:30 8/31/15 Gall v. US 552 U.S. 38 (2007) 1. Facts Brian Michael Gall convicted(afterpleadingguilty)inthe U.S.DistrictCourt forthe SouthernDistrictforIowaof conspiracytodistribute ecstasyandwassentencedto36 monthsof probation Governmentappealedandchallengedthe sentence 8th CircuitCourtof Appealsremandedforresentencingandcertiorari wasgranted In Feb.or March 2000, Gall invitedbyLuke Rinderknechttojoinanongoingenterprise distributingacontrolledsubstance popularlyknownasecstasy Aftera monthafterjoiningthe conspiracyhe stoppedusingecstasy A fewmonthslaterinSeptember,withdrew fromthe conspiracy Graduatedfromcollege in2002 and movedto Arizonaandhasn’tusedan illegal drugs Gets initial interviewfromfederalagentsandadmitstohislimitedparticipationinthe distributionof ecstasy April 28, 2004 an indictmentwasreturnedinthe SouthernDistrictof Iowacharginghim and 7 othersforparticipatinginaconspiracyto distribute ecstasy,cocaine and marijuanathatbeganin May 1996 and continuedthroughOctober30, 2002 Movesback to Iowaand surrenderstothe authorities Entersintoa pleaagreementwiththe governmentandstipulatedthathe was responsible fordistributingatleast2500 gramsof ecstasyor the equivalentof atleast 87.5 kilogramsof marijuana.Inthisagreementthe governmentacknowledgedthathe had intenttostopdeliveringecstasy andalsoprovidedthatrecentchangesinthe guidelinesenhancedthe recommendedpunishmentfordistributingecstasyweren’t applicable toGall because he hadwithdrawnfromthe conspiracypriortothe effective datesof those changes In presentencereport,the probationofficerconcludedthatGall hadno significant criminal history,he isn’tamanager/leader/organizerandthathisoffense had no weaponinvolvement.Alsostatedthathe truthfullyprovidedthe governmentall evidence concerningthe allegedoffensesbutthe evidence wasn’tuseful because he providednonewinformation.Alsodescribedhissubstantial druguse priortothe offense andthe absence of anysuchin recentyearsandrecommendedasentencing range of 30-37 monthsof imprisonment. Sentence hearingwasheldonMay27, 2005 DistrictJudge sentencedGall toprobationforaterm of 36 monthsusing18 U.S.C. 3553 (a) and also implieda3 yr regime of alcohol anddrug testing Court of Appealsreversedandremandedforresentencingandstatedthathissentence was extraordinaryandamountedtoadownwardvariance
- 2. 2. Issue Coulda reasonable juristconcludethata sentence of probationwassufficientinthiscase to serve the purposesof punishmentsetoutin18 U.S.C.Statute 3553 (a)(2)? Was the appropriatenessof the sentence explained? 3. Holdings No No 4. Reasoning You mustnot presume thatthe Guidelinesrange isreasonable butmustanindividualized assessmentbasedonthe factspermitted.Onthe abuse-of-discretionreview,the 8th Circuitgave virtuallynodeference tothe districtcourt’sdecisionthatthe variance wasjustified.The Circuit clearlydisagreedwiththe districtcourt’sdecisionbutitwasnot for the court to decide de novo. Theyshould’ve givendue deference tothe districtcourt’sreasonedandreasonabledecision that the statute 3553 (a) factors,on the whole,justifiedthe sentence. Theyalsousedthe UnitedStatesv.Bookercase to determine whatreasonableabuse-of-discretionstandards appliestoappellate reviewof sentencingdecisions.