This study analyzes and contrasts Sigmund Freud and Muhammad Iqbal's theories of personality. Freud viewed human nature as pessimistic and deterministic, driven by unconscious desires and instincts. He believed personality is shaped by conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. In contrast, Iqbal promoted positive ideas of human potential and free will. Iqbal's theory holds that personality develops as individuals assimilate God's divine attributes, strengthening their ego and bringing them closer to God. While Freud focused on human sexuality, Iqbal emphasized actualizing latent human powers to transform society for humanity's benefit.
This document outlines a research study on the impact of employee participation on job satisfaction in tertiary education institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. It introduces the topic, identifies gaps in previous research, establishes research objectives and questions. It describes the methodology used, including sampling, data collection, and analysis tools. Preliminary results are presented, showing employee participation has a significant positive impact on job satisfaction. The conclusion is that employee participation affects job satisfaction. Recommendations include implementing effective participation strategies, empowered decision making, feedback, and open communication.
Financial Analysis of Lucky Cements & Attock Cements.Avinash Advani
This document is a report analyzing the financial performance of Lucky Cements and Attock Cements. It includes profiles of the two companies, their income statements and balance sheets from 2008-2011, and calculations of key financial ratios to assess liquidity, long-term solvency, and profitability. Ratios show Attock Cement had stronger liquidity and profitability in earlier years but Lucky Cement performed better in later years. The report aims to compare the financial position of the two leading cement companies.
The document is an HR policy manual for Tameer Microfinance Bank. It contains policies and procedures related to various HR functions such as employee classification, compensation and benefits, code of conduct, organizational development, and HR operations. The manual provides guidance for implementing consistent HR practices across the organization.
Curriculum & components of curriculum (by umair ahraf)Umair Ashraf
The document discusses the evolution of concepts of curriculum from old to modern. The old concept viewed curriculum as a list of books provided to students in the classroom, while the modern concept interprets curriculum more broadly as all organized activities and experiences students undergo under school direction, both inside and outside the classroom. The document also examines the role of curriculum in national development and cultural change.
This study analyzes and contrasts Sigmund Freud and Muhammad Iqbal's theories of personality. Freud viewed human nature as pessimistic and deterministic, driven by unconscious desires and instincts. He believed personality is shaped by conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. In contrast, Iqbal promoted positive ideas of human potential and free will. Iqbal's theory holds that personality develops as individuals assimilate God's divine attributes, strengthening their ego and bringing them closer to God. While Freud focused on human sexuality, Iqbal emphasized actualizing latent human powers to transform society for humanity's benefit.
This document outlines a research study on the impact of employee participation on job satisfaction in tertiary education institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. It introduces the topic, identifies gaps in previous research, establishes research objectives and questions. It describes the methodology used, including sampling, data collection, and analysis tools. Preliminary results are presented, showing employee participation has a significant positive impact on job satisfaction. The conclusion is that employee participation affects job satisfaction. Recommendations include implementing effective participation strategies, empowered decision making, feedback, and open communication.
Financial Analysis of Lucky Cements & Attock Cements.Avinash Advani
This document is a report analyzing the financial performance of Lucky Cements and Attock Cements. It includes profiles of the two companies, their income statements and balance sheets from 2008-2011, and calculations of key financial ratios to assess liquidity, long-term solvency, and profitability. Ratios show Attock Cement had stronger liquidity and profitability in earlier years but Lucky Cement performed better in later years. The report aims to compare the financial position of the two leading cement companies.
The document is an HR policy manual for Tameer Microfinance Bank. It contains policies and procedures related to various HR functions such as employee classification, compensation and benefits, code of conduct, organizational development, and HR operations. The manual provides guidance for implementing consistent HR practices across the organization.
Curriculum & components of curriculum (by umair ahraf)Umair Ashraf
The document discusses the evolution of concepts of curriculum from old to modern. The old concept viewed curriculum as a list of books provided to students in the classroom, while the modern concept interprets curriculum more broadly as all organized activities and experiences students undergo under school direction, both inside and outside the classroom. The document also examines the role of curriculum in national development and cultural change.
Riphah International University's weekly e-magazine offers insightful thoughts on various topics. This week the editor has brought our attention toward the Ethics and Morales of Fasting, our basic duty. Please do read and share this document. Jazakallah!
This document summarizes poverty levels and factors in Pakistan. It finds that 21.04% of Pakistanis live below the $1.25/day poverty line, and 60.19% live below the $2/day line. Balochistan has the highest poverty rate at 52%, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at 32%, Sindh at 33%, and Punjab at 19%. Major factors driving poverty include low social sector investment, income inequality, rural/urban disparities, poor data, low literacy, population growth, and corruption. Achieving goals to reduce poverty by 2030 will require pro-poor policies, social protection programs, job creation, and public-private partnerships.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan. It discusses the distribution of the eastern and western rivers between the two countries as outlined in the treaty. It also describes some of the major disputes that have emerged post-treaty, such as Indian dam projects on western rivers. The summary concludes that while the treaty has generally functioned well, both countries should focus on cooperatively developing water resources for the future through modifying the treaty's governing mechanisms.