Ontario's Succession Law Reform Act outlines the formal requirements for a valid will, including being in writing, signed by the testator and witnessed by two individuals. The testator must be at least 18 years old, and gifts to any witness may be void but do not invalidate the entire will. Additionally, while initialing each page is advisable, it is not mandatory for the will's validity.

1. Formal Validity of Wills

2. • Ontario’s Succession Law Reform Act (the “SLRA”) outlines the formal
requirements of a valid will at sections 4 to 7.
• Subject to certain exceptions, a Last Will and Testament is only valid in
Ontario if …
• it is made in writing (SLRA, s 3);
• it is signed at its end by the person whose property the will disposes of
(the testator) or by some other person in his or her presence and by his
or her direction (SLRA, s 4(1)(a));
• the testator makes or acknowledges the signature in the presence of two
or more witnesses who are present at the same time (SLRA, s 4(1)(b));
• two or more witnesses sign the will in the presence of the testator (SLRA,
s 4(1)(c)); and
• the testator is at least 18 years old, subject to certain exceptions (SLRA,
s 8(1)).
Formal Requirements of a Will

3. • The position of the testator’s signature is important for formal compliance in
Ontario.
• Subsection 7(1) of the SLRA states that the signature must appear either “at,
after, following, under or beside, or opposite to the end of the will” such that
it is “apparent on the face of the will” that the testator intended to give effect
to the document by signing it.
• Provisions appearing in a will below the testator’s signature may not be
effective.
Testator’s Signature

4. • Typically, if a will is witnessed by someone who may have an interest in the
estate, any gift to that beneficiary will be voided in the will. However, this will
not in itself affect the validity of the will as a whole.
• Subsection 12(1) of the SLRA provides that a gift made in a will is void if one
of the two witnesses to the will is the beneficiary, the beneficiary’s spouse, or
a person through whom the witness may claim an interest. Accordingly, if an
outright gift is made to an individual and the beneficiary of that gift is a
witness, the gift would be void, but the will may otherwise be valid.
• If a will is written entirely in the handwriting of the testator (a “holograph
will”), the requirement that the document be signed by witnesses does not
apply (SLRA, s 6). The holograph will must otherwise comply with the other
formal requirements for a will.
Witness Signatures

5. • Many drafting solicitors will agree that it is prudent to have the testator and
witnesses initial each page to a will.
• This may assist in confirming that the testator read and/or knew and
approved of the contents of each page.
• It can also help to confirm that all pages were included as part of the will
when it was executed.
• Initialling each page is not required for a will to be valid in Ontario.
Initialing Pages of a Will

6. • Ontario is a “strict compliance” jurisdiction – here, wills typically need to be
executed precisely in compliance with the SLRA, or they will not be valid.
Strict vs. Substantial Compliance

7. Thank you for reading!