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Fundamentos de operaciones
Bienvenidas y Bienvenidos
Dr. Raúl Heras Garrido
Agenda
2
• Problema de transporte
• Esquina noroeste
• Simplex de transporte
• Método de asignación
• Compromisos para la siguiente sesión
Objetivos de la sesión
3
• Entender las aplicaciones del problema de transporte
• Conocer y aplicar las ventajas del método de simplex de
transporte
• Conocer y aplicar las ventajas del método de asignación
Recuerdan…
4
1. Se recomienda tener líder, dos secretarios y un
tomador del tiempo
2. Da una solución para el problema de transporte
planteado, trata de que genere menor costo
3. Tienes que dar una propuesta, en Excel Teams,
utilizando la misma tabla de costos
4. El finalizar los 25 minutos, debes subir tu
archivo en el foro de la clase de hoy
5. Tabla de costo de envió por tonelada es:
Plantas
Centros de distribución Chicago St. Louis Cincinnati
Kansas City 6 5 10
Omaha 7 11 11
Des Moines 4 5 11
5
Fl y F2 son las dos fábricas,
Al y A2 son los dos almacenes y
CD es el centro de distribución.
Cada flecha representa un canal
factible de envío. Fl puede enviar
directamente a Al y tiene tres rutas
posibles (F1→CD→A2,
F1→F2→CD→A2 y F1→A1→A2)
para mandar bienes a A2. La
fábrica F2 tiene sólo una ruta a A2
(F2→CD→A2) y una a A1
(F2→CD→ A2→A1).
El costo por unidad enviada a
través de cada canal se muestra
al lado de la flecha.
También, junto a F1→F2 y
CD→A2 se muestran las
cantidades máximas que se
pueden enviar por estos canales.
Los otros canales tienen suficiente
capacidad para manejar todo lo
que las fábricas pueden enviar.
Recuerdan…
Compra el libro de Investigación de operaciones de Hiller y Lieberman (2010), para mayor información
6
Recuerdan…
(Hiller y Lieberman, 2010)
Compra el libro de Investigación de operaciones de Hiller y Lieberman (2010), para mayor información
Modelo de transporte
7
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
Modelo de transporte
8
Modelo de transporte
9
Modelo de transporte
10
𝑴𝒊𝒏 𝒁 =
𝒊=𝟏
𝒎
𝒋=𝟏
𝒏
𝒄𝒊𝒋𝒙𝒊𝒋
sa
𝒋=𝟏
𝒏
𝒙𝒊𝒋 = 𝒔𝒊 para i = 1, 2, …, m.
𝒊=𝟏
𝒎
𝒙𝒊𝒋 = 𝒅𝒋 para j = 1, 2, …, n.
𝒙𝒊𝒋 ≥ 𝟎 para toda i y j
Modelo de transporte, ejercicio
11
Desarrollar para m = 2 y n = 3
Actividad individual
12
Desarrollar para m = 3 y n = 2
Actividad individual
13
Desarrollar para m = 3 y n = 2
Min 𝑧 = 𝐶11𝑥11 + 𝐶12𝑥12 + 𝐶21𝑋21 + 𝐶22𝑥22 + 𝐶31𝑥31 + 𝐶32𝑥32
sa
𝑥11 + 𝑥12 = 𝑠1
𝑥21 + 𝑥22 = 𝑠2
𝑥31 + 𝑥32 = 𝑠3
𝑥11 + 𝑥21 + 𝑥31 = 𝑑1
𝑥12 + 𝑥22 + 𝑥32 = 𝑑2
𝑥𝑖𝑗 ≥ 0
Modelo de transporte
14
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
Modelo de transporte
15
Modelo de transporte
16
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
Modelo de transporte
17
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
Modelo de transporte
18
Tabla 5.4
Modelo de transporte
19
Tabla 5.5
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
Actividad Colaborativa
20
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
https://padlet.com/FundamentosOperaciones/ModeloTransporteF
Actividad Colaborativa
21
Compra el libro de Operations Research de Taha (2012), para mayor información
(Taha, 2012)
Tabla 5.4
Tabla 5.5
https://padlet.com/FundamentosOperaciones/ModeloTransporteF
(Taha, 2012)
Modelo de transporte
22
Simplex para problemas de transporte…
Modelo de transporte
23
Modelo de transporte
24
Modelo de transporte
25
Modelo de transporte
26
Modelo de transporte
27
Modelo de transporte
28
Modelo de transporte
29
Modelo de transporte
30
Modelo de transporte
31
Modelo de transporte
32
Compromiso de la siguiente sesión
33
Considere el problema de transporte que tiene la siguiente tabla de costos y
requerimientos
• Con el método de la esquina noroeste obtenga una solución BF inicial y resuelva el
problema a mano mediante el método simplex de transporte.
• Formule de nuevo este problema como un problema general de programación
lineal…
Fuentes
34
– Hiller F. S. y Lieberman G. J. (2010). Introduction to Operations Research. 9ª
edición. USA: Mc Graw Hill
– Taha H. A. (2010). Operations Research: An Introduction. 9ª edición. USA:
Pearson

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