The document discusses combustion in a flame. It describes the primary air and fuel entering the combustion zone, where ignition occurs, forming the flame. Within the flame are internal and external recirculation zones that help stabilize the flame. Downstream, secondary air mixes with remaining particles to ensure complete burning out before the clinker exits. Factors like primary air ratio, swirl momentum, and axial momentum can be adjusted to control flame stability and the mixing of fuel and air.

1. Schematic -Combustion in a Flame
Recirculation
Radiation
from
Shell
Primary Air + Fuel
Hot Secondary Air
Ignition
Length
Secondary Air Mixing
and Combustion
Last Remaining
Tar and
Carbon Particles
Burn Out
Radiation
from
Clinker
Secondary
Air
Mixing

2. 2
Flameformation
External
recirculation
zone
Internal
recirculation
zone
Swirl air
Hot
secondary air
Fuel and
primary air
Primary air
1. Control of fuel/air mixing rate
2. Assistance towards flame stability
Internal recirculation zone
Assistance towards flame stability

3. 3
Flameadjustmentfactors
Divergent flame
Secondary air
Primary air
And fuel
Macro mixing complete
Primary air ratio
Swirl momentum
Fuel transport air
Axial momentum
Multi-channel
burner