The document discusses fiscal policy and public finance in the Philippines. It describes the government agencies responsible for fiscal administration, including the Department of Finance and bureaus that handle tax collection, treasury, and government corporations. It then discusses how different presidential administrations in the Philippines approached fiscal policy through taxes, spending, and management of fiscal deficits and debt.

1. Fiscal Policy
1. The Development of Public Finance
Institution and Development Finance
2. Politics and Fiscal Administration

2. The Development of Public Finance
Institution And Development of Finance
The public finance compose of government controlled
corporation(example GSIS,) Public Banking Institution, tax
collections agencies. (Study mode.com)
Department of Finance -executive department of the
Government of the Philippines with the duty to plan and
administer policies fiscal, manage sources of money for the
government , cradle in gathering taxes and revenue per
local government and education, approval and management
of public sector debt, and management of corporations
owned or held by the government .

3. Department of Finance
Bureau
Bureau of Internal Revenue
Agencies and Corporations
Bureau of Customs
Bureau of Treasury
Bureau of Local Government
Finance
Deposit Insurance Corporation of the
Philippines
Government Service Insurance System
Insurance Commission
National Tax Research Center
Central Board of Assessment Appeals
Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency
Social Security System
Cooperatice Development Authority

4. Politics and Fiscal Administration
Fiscal policy refers to the "measures employed
by governments to stabilize the economy,
specifically by manipulating the levels and
allocations of taxes and government
expenditures. Fiscal measures are frequently
used in tandem with monetary policy to
achieve certain goals.

5. The Philippine government’s main source of revenue
are taxes, with some non-tax revenue also being
collected. To finance fiscal deficit and debt, the
Philippines relies on both domestic and external
sources.
Marcos administration was primarily focused on indirect tax
collection and on government spending on economic services
and infrastructure development
Politics and Fiscal Administration

6. Corazon Aquino administration inherited a large fiscal deficit
from the previous administration, but managed to reduce
fiscal imbalance and improve tax collection through the
introduction of the 1986 Tax Reform Program and the value
added tax.
Ramos administration experienced budget surpluses due to
substantial gains from the massive sale of government assets
and strong foreign investment in its early years,
implementation of the 1997 Comprehensive Tax Reform
Program and the onset of the Asian financial crisis resulted to
a deteriorating fiscal position in the succeeding years and
administrations.
Estrada administration faced a large fiscal deficit due to the
decrease in tax effort and the repayment of the Ramos
administration’s debt to contractors and suppliers

7. Arroyo administration, the Expanded Value Added Tax Law was
enacted, national debt-to-GDP ratio peaked, and under
spending on public infrastructure and other capital
expenditures was observed.
Ninoy Aquino One way of assessing the economy is to focus on
macro-trends and performance: what has happened to
overall growth, fiscal and monetary policy, trade payments
and saving and investment.