We examine the effects of bank deregulation on the spatial dynamics of retail-bank branching, exploiting, much like a quasi-natural experiment, the context of intense liberalization
reforms in Belgium in the late nineties. Using fine-grained data on branch network dynamics within the metropolitan area of Antwerp and advancing novel spatial econometric techniques, we show that these liberalization reforms radically shifted and accelerated branch network dynamics. Entry and exit dynamics substantially intensified, the level change in financial void grew significantly, and bank choice markedly declined. Moreover, all these changes consistently extended (even with greater intensity) after the liberalization peak. However, the immediate and longer-term spatial ramifications of the financial sector liberalization were very distinct. All immediate changes systematically, differentially impacted the poorer and wealthier neighborhoods, disenfranchising the poorer neighbourhoods and favoring their wealthier counterparts. The longer-term e¤ects on spatial patterns of change no longer exhibited this systematic relationship with neighborhood income. We draw out the policy implications of our findings.
Strong capital inflows and comprehensive trade and financial liberalization characterized the last decade in the majority of Latin American countries. Despite some modest improvement in poverty incidence, the evolution of employment, wages and income distribution has frustrated even the most “Panglossian” of the Washington Consensus’s policy maker that largely run the continent along the last years.
Considering the evolution of household income distribution along the last two decades in Latin America countries an comprehensive analysis observed an asymmetrical pattern of growth with a high income concentration during the “lost decade” of 80’s and a distributive rigidity during a more expansionist phase observed in average in the region along the nineties (Sáinz, and Fuente (2001). But even this evaluation can not be assured since there is a strong underestimation of the income of the richer strata. Due to a disappearance of regular jobs in the continent a polarization process with a hollowing out of middle class and a top-driven increase in inequality seems to be happening in many countries in recent years as a social consequence of the economic and structural changes led by external opening . But unfortunately this performance is not the bottom line. Nowadays an implosive decline is taking place in Argentina with tragic consequences on poverty incidence.
Given the diversity of experiences of liberalization in the continent and the superposition of many economic and social changes to identify and even more to isolate the effects of trade and financial liberalization on income distribution it is not a simple question.
In an effort to bridge a classical/sraffian theory of income distribution with a structuralist approach to economic development and a institutionalist approach to labor markets, this paper tries to address to these questions considering the balance of payment constraint through its effect on interest rate, exchange rate, relative prices and in GDP growth as the dominant macroeconomic force shaping income distribution. Some routes can be singularized. From the classical/sraffian surplus approach emerges the proposition that there is an inverse relation between the rate of interest (formed exogenously by monetary forces) and product wage. This relationship will be considered as a clue factor connecting financial liberalization and functional income distribution. From this perspective, the level of productivity in wages goods sector is essential for the determination of real wages.
From the classical and structuralist approach we retain the basic conception that in a surplus labor economy economic growth generates not only a reduction in poverty – an indisputable stylized fact- but trough an increase in formal employment an improvement in the distribution of labor income. From both approaches we take that structural heterogeneity between sectors is a primary source of income differentiation. Thus, the impact of e
The presentation describes the relation between Financial development and growth in Emerging Market Economies. It is primarily based on abstract. However, one can contact me for further details.
We examine the effects of bank deregulation on the spatial dynamics of retail-bank branching, exploiting, much like a quasi-natural experiment, the context of intense liberalization
reforms in Belgium in the late nineties. Using fine-grained data on branch network dynamics within the metropolitan area of Antwerp and advancing novel spatial econometric techniques, we show that these liberalization reforms radically shifted and accelerated branch network dynamics. Entry and exit dynamics substantially intensified, the level change in financial void grew significantly, and bank choice markedly declined. Moreover, all these changes consistently extended (even with greater intensity) after the liberalization peak. However, the immediate and longer-term spatial ramifications of the financial sector liberalization were very distinct. All immediate changes systematically, differentially impacted the poorer and wealthier neighborhoods, disenfranchising the poorer neighbourhoods and favoring their wealthier counterparts. The longer-term e¤ects on spatial patterns of change no longer exhibited this systematic relationship with neighborhood income. We draw out the policy implications of our findings.
Strong capital inflows and comprehensive trade and financial liberalization characterized the last decade in the majority of Latin American countries. Despite some modest improvement in poverty incidence, the evolution of employment, wages and income distribution has frustrated even the most “Panglossian” of the Washington Consensus’s policy maker that largely run the continent along the last years.
Considering the evolution of household income distribution along the last two decades in Latin America countries an comprehensive analysis observed an asymmetrical pattern of growth with a high income concentration during the “lost decade” of 80’s and a distributive rigidity during a more expansionist phase observed in average in the region along the nineties (Sáinz, and Fuente (2001). But even this evaluation can not be assured since there is a strong underestimation of the income of the richer strata. Due to a disappearance of regular jobs in the continent a polarization process with a hollowing out of middle class and a top-driven increase in inequality seems to be happening in many countries in recent years as a social consequence of the economic and structural changes led by external opening . But unfortunately this performance is not the bottom line. Nowadays an implosive decline is taking place in Argentina with tragic consequences on poverty incidence.
Given the diversity of experiences of liberalization in the continent and the superposition of many economic and social changes to identify and even more to isolate the effects of trade and financial liberalization on income distribution it is not a simple question.
In an effort to bridge a classical/sraffian theory of income distribution with a structuralist approach to economic development and a institutionalist approach to labor markets, this paper tries to address to these questions considering the balance of payment constraint through its effect on interest rate, exchange rate, relative prices and in GDP growth as the dominant macroeconomic force shaping income distribution. Some routes can be singularized. From the classical/sraffian surplus approach emerges the proposition that there is an inverse relation between the rate of interest (formed exogenously by monetary forces) and product wage. This relationship will be considered as a clue factor connecting financial liberalization and functional income distribution. From this perspective, the level of productivity in wages goods sector is essential for the determination of real wages.
From the classical and structuralist approach we retain the basic conception that in a surplus labor economy economic growth generates not only a reduction in poverty – an indisputable stylized fact- but trough an increase in formal employment an improvement in the distribution of labor income. From both approaches we take that structural heterogeneity between sectors is a primary source of income differentiation. Thus, the impact of e
The presentation describes the relation between Financial development and growth in Emerging Market Economies. It is primarily based on abstract. However, one can contact me for further details.
Discussing the Challenges of Pesticides in Nigeria & Agroecology as an Altern...Donald ofoegbu
A presentation on the threats of highly hazardous pesticides in Nigeria reported media reports of pesticide reported hazards, and a review of public expenditure on chemical pesticides, organic inputs, biopesticides, climate-smart agriculture and agroecology as an alternative.
Presentation was made at the Action Aid of Nigeria Consultative Meeting on the 2023 Budget for the Agricultural Sector of Nigeria.
COMMUNIQUE & CALL FOR ACTION: Documentary Screening and Public Discussion on ...Donald ofoegbu
This call to action communique by the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN) is an outcome of a 1-day documentary screening and panel discussion on pesticide double standards and improving pesticide regulation in Nigeria. The communique presents key observations and a call to action from international governments, specifically in the EU, UK and USA to stop the double standard in the global trade in pesticide-active ingredients that are either banned or not approved in their countries due to health or environmental concerns but are nevertheless exported out of poor and developing countries with lesser pesticide regulation, and poor health capacities.
This hypocritical export of highly hazardous pesticides that are banned in Western counties by international agrochemical corporations with blind eyes from their governments who enjoy tax returns and remittances, should be stopped.
The document while calling for new pesticide legislation for Nigeria that focuses on safety and farmers’ rights, cautions the Nigerian government to be watchful of the wolf-in-sheep clothing lobbyist of these international agro-chemical companies, who are pressing for bills to open the Nigerian agricultural market to a pesticide dumping ground- selling the illusion of pesticide safety.
The communique calls for the support of nature-based sustainable agricultural practices like agroecology, IPM, and a gradual phasing out of pesticides in the category of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous pesticides from Nigeria and West Africa.
Agriculture in Nigeria: Bitter Harvest TIME MAGAZINE NO. 23/2021 JUNE 1, 2021Donald ofoegbu
Pesticides banned in Europe for good reasons are still in use in Nigeria. And many people have died of contaminated drinking water polluted by these pesticides. A report in remote villages and a Bavarian food laboratory by Wolfgang Bauer.
TIME MAGAZINE NO. 23/2021 JUNE 1,
2021
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)...Donald ofoegbu
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN) For PUBLIC HEARING ON A Bill for an Act to Provide For Establishment of the Nigerian Pesticide Council; And for Related Matters (HB.1396)
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)...Donald ofoegbu
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN) At the PUBLIC HEARING ON A Bill for an Act to Provide For Establishment of the Nigerian Pesticide Council; And for Related Matters (HB.1396) in Nigeria.
The Document gives the position of Nigerian CSOs in demand for a more sustainable healthy farm system that protects and guarantees a safe environment for Nigerians and her biodiversity from adverse pesticide usage and dependance. The document is a critic of a proposed Bill that is supposed to ensure safe and responsible pesticide use and regulation in Nigeria... However, the intention and details is doubtful.
Harmful pesticides and how smallholder women farmers can doDonald ofoegbu
A presentation delivered at the Small-Scale Women Farmers Organization in Nigeria (SWOFON) Annual National Forum 29th - 30th November 2021. Raising awareness on Harmful Pesticides and how smallholder women farmers can protect themselves - shift away
The study explores the energy situation in Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs) in Nigeria, using 60 PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja as a case study. The central finding of this study is that access to reliable electricity is critical for the efficient running of Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs). This can speedily be delivered to PHCs through off-grid Solar PV (which the study has proven to be more economical and reliable).
Currently, the Nigerian gas-to-electricity project has over 1,000km of pipelines. For an electricity revolution based mainly on gas, Nigeria will need about 10,000km of gas pipeline infrastructure as well as adequate security measures to curb the menace of gas pipeline vandalisation. The questions arising from the gas to power proposal include the following: Who will be investing all the needed finances? Is the domestic gas price attractive to encourage investors to invest in gas exploration and pipeline expansion? Will the extant enabling policies ensure returns on investment? How sustainable is the available gas reserves to meet the needs of future generations? If realisable, will the expansion of the gas pipelines infrastructure guarantee sustainable and accessible power to all Nigerians especially those in the off-grid communities?
A review of the federal government 2015 budget of NigeriaDonald ofoegbu
A review of the federal government 2015 budget of Nigeria Presented in the 2015 Budget Summit Organised by the Centre for Social Justice (CSJ), Abuja Nigeria. Prepared and PResented by Ofoegbu Donald Ikenna
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
Discussing the Challenges of Pesticides in Nigeria & Agroecology as an Altern...Donald ofoegbu
A presentation on the threats of highly hazardous pesticides in Nigeria reported media reports of pesticide reported hazards, and a review of public expenditure on chemical pesticides, organic inputs, biopesticides, climate-smart agriculture and agroecology as an alternative.
Presentation was made at the Action Aid of Nigeria Consultative Meeting on the 2023 Budget for the Agricultural Sector of Nigeria.
COMMUNIQUE & CALL FOR ACTION: Documentary Screening and Public Discussion on ...Donald ofoegbu
This call to action communique by the Alliance for Action on Pesticide in Nigeria (AAPN) is an outcome of a 1-day documentary screening and panel discussion on pesticide double standards and improving pesticide regulation in Nigeria. The communique presents key observations and a call to action from international governments, specifically in the EU, UK and USA to stop the double standard in the global trade in pesticide-active ingredients that are either banned or not approved in their countries due to health or environmental concerns but are nevertheless exported out of poor and developing countries with lesser pesticide regulation, and poor health capacities.
This hypocritical export of highly hazardous pesticides that are banned in Western counties by international agrochemical corporations with blind eyes from their governments who enjoy tax returns and remittances, should be stopped.
The document while calling for new pesticide legislation for Nigeria that focuses on safety and farmers’ rights, cautions the Nigerian government to be watchful of the wolf-in-sheep clothing lobbyist of these international agro-chemical companies, who are pressing for bills to open the Nigerian agricultural market to a pesticide dumping ground- selling the illusion of pesticide safety.
The communique calls for the support of nature-based sustainable agricultural practices like agroecology, IPM, and a gradual phasing out of pesticides in the category of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous pesticides from Nigeria and West Africa.
Agriculture in Nigeria: Bitter Harvest TIME MAGAZINE NO. 23/2021 JUNE 1, 2021Donald ofoegbu
Pesticides banned in Europe for good reasons are still in use in Nigeria. And many people have died of contaminated drinking water polluted by these pesticides. A report in remote villages and a Bavarian food laboratory by Wolfgang Bauer.
TIME MAGAZINE NO. 23/2021 JUNE 1,
2021
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)...Donald ofoegbu
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN) For PUBLIC HEARING ON A Bill for an Act to Provide For Establishment of the Nigerian Pesticide Council; And for Related Matters (HB.1396)
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN)...Donald ofoegbu
MEMORANDA SUBMITTED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR ACTION ON PESTICIDE IN NIGERIA (AAPN) At the PUBLIC HEARING ON A Bill for an Act to Provide For Establishment of the Nigerian Pesticide Council; And for Related Matters (HB.1396) in Nigeria.
The Document gives the position of Nigerian CSOs in demand for a more sustainable healthy farm system that protects and guarantees a safe environment for Nigerians and her biodiversity from adverse pesticide usage and dependance. The document is a critic of a proposed Bill that is supposed to ensure safe and responsible pesticide use and regulation in Nigeria... However, the intention and details is doubtful.
Harmful pesticides and how smallholder women farmers can doDonald ofoegbu
A presentation delivered at the Small-Scale Women Farmers Organization in Nigeria (SWOFON) Annual National Forum 29th - 30th November 2021. Raising awareness on Harmful Pesticides and how smallholder women farmers can protect themselves - shift away
The study explores the energy situation in Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs) in Nigeria, using 60 PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja as a case study. The central finding of this study is that access to reliable electricity is critical for the efficient running of Primary Health Care Centres (PHCs). This can speedily be delivered to PHCs through off-grid Solar PV (which the study has proven to be more economical and reliable).
Currently, the Nigerian gas-to-electricity project has over 1,000km of pipelines. For an electricity revolution based mainly on gas, Nigeria will need about 10,000km of gas pipeline infrastructure as well as adequate security measures to curb the menace of gas pipeline vandalisation. The questions arising from the gas to power proposal include the following: Who will be investing all the needed finances? Is the domestic gas price attractive to encourage investors to invest in gas exploration and pipeline expansion? Will the extant enabling policies ensure returns on investment? How sustainable is the available gas reserves to meet the needs of future generations? If realisable, will the expansion of the gas pipelines infrastructure guarantee sustainable and accessible power to all Nigerians especially those in the off-grid communities?
A review of the federal government 2015 budget of NigeriaDonald ofoegbu
A review of the federal government 2015 budget of Nigeria Presented in the 2015 Budget Summit Organised by the Centre for Social Justice (CSJ), Abuja Nigeria. Prepared and PResented by Ofoegbu Donald Ikenna
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282