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Final. BATTLE OF MIDWAY. SYN B. MWC.pptx
- 3. 3 The most decisive battle of WW II INTRODUCTION Japan decided to launch a major offensive attack Decryption of secret Naval Code Japan could not achieve surprise and got a heavy thrust Determined the result of Pacific campaign
- 4. 4 To analysis the Battle of Midway AIM
- 5. 5 SCOPE Background and Significance Narratives After Effect Analytical Deduction of the war Analysis on Principle of War Lesson learn Lt Jayasinghe Lt Cdr Nayanajeewa Lt Rassaq Lt Cdr Ekram Lt Jayaweera Lt Mensah Lt Cdr Shafiq
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 Japan started strengthening her navy after expiration of the “Washington Naval Treaty” in 1937 Japanese occupied the whole Chinese coast by 1939 BACKGROUND Allied made sanctions against Japan on, Imports of aircraft & spares Aviation fuel, steel and raw materials …etc
- 8. 8 Japan then planned for a total war in the Far East Japanese assets were frozen in America BACKGROUND Japan went for a war and with American Fleet in Pearl harbour on 07th December 1941
- 9. 9 BACKGROUND America launched the “Doolittle Air Raid” on Japanese cities on 18th April 1942 Col Doolittle (Arrowed) and Crew Members
- 10. 10 The Battle of Midway BACKGROUND Midway, Adak & Kiska – June 1942 Carrier strikes on Australia – July 1942 Hawaiian Islands – August 1942 New Caledonia and Fiji – July 1942 Japanese 04 Points Plan
- 11. 11 The Midway is located in the Pacific Ocean, about 2100 miles of Tokyo and 1135 miles of Hawaii. GEO-STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE JAPAN USA PEARL HARBOUR MIDWAY ISLAND ALEUTIAN ISLAND
- 13. 13 Japan Midway is a strategic Island besides Hawaii in the eastern Pacific STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE Most suitable place for advanced staging of attack and to set up naval power in pacific SLOC between US and Australia could be disturbed
- 14. 14 USA An important naval and air base close to Japan STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE Used for refueling carriers, submarines and aircraft Military reinforcement & replenishment through this route Important to protect the US west coast
- 15. 15
- 17. 17 Midway guarded with barbed wires and mines TF-7, Torpedo boats deployed CONDUCT OF BATTLE TF-16 and TF-17 met 325 miles North East of Midway Preparation American preparation
- 18. 18 Started towards Midway at end of May 1942 Established screen by submarines between Hawaiian and Midway CONDUCT OF BATTLE Submarines arrived too late as Task Forces 16 and 17 already left Pearl Harbour Preparation Japanese preparation
- 19. BATTLE STRENGTHS 19 US • 03 - Carriers • 08 - Cruisers • 17 - Destroyers • 00 - Battle ships • 19 - Submarines • 333 - Air crafts • 01 - Mine sweepers IJN • 04 - Carriers • 21 - Cruisers • 65 - Destroyers • 11 - Battle ships • 21 - Submarines • 613 - Air crafts • 07 - Mine sweepers
- 20. 20 Catalina detected Japanese fleet 700 miles west of Midway Another Catalina detect Mine Sweeping Group and Yamamoto’s main body CONDUCT OF BATTLE Fletcher instructed AC to launch bombing mission over Japanese fleet Initial Attacks CATALINA
- 21. 21 Nine B-17 planes found Japanese transport group First bombing mission unsuccessful CONDUCT OF BATTLE Only one hit on Japanese oil tanker Initial Attacks B-17
- 22. 22 72 bombers and 36 fighters from four Japanese carriers American patrol PBYs detected Japanese carriers and aircrafts CONDUCT OF BATTLE Marine Corps interceptors tried to stop the attackers, but failed First Strike First Strike on Midway
- 23. 23 American 6 Avengers and 4 B-26’s couldn’t break Japanese fighter screen Nagumo ordered rearmed with bombs for another blow at Midway CONDUCT OF BATTLE Spruance ordered TF-16 launch immediate attack in Japanese carriers First Strike USS Enterprise Prepared
- 24. 24 Fletcher launched planes from Yorktown Nagumo ordered prepared to bomb Midway CONDUCT OF BATTLE Torpedo 8 spotted enemy carriers and every plane was shot down Critical Six Minutes USS Enterprise Prepared
- 25. 25 Lt Cdr Mcclusky, noticed carrier Kaga Lt Gallaher dived down on Akagi, Nagumo’s flagship CONDUCT OF BATTLE One bomb penetrated Akagi’s hanger and detonated Critical Six Minutes Akagi got fired
- 26. 26 Nagumo sent Hiryu to attack Yorktown Yorktown took three bombs and two torpedo hits Fletcher sent 10 dive-bombers to search Japanese carriers CONDUCT OF BATTLE American 14 dive-bombers attacked Hiryu hitting four bombs Final Moments USS Yorktown Sinking
- 27. 27 Yamamoto decided to fight with battleships Nagumo argued and removed from command CONDUCT OF BATTLE Americans did not want to engage with Japanese surface ships and Yamamoto ordered withdrawal Withdrawal Admiral Yosoroku Yamamoto
- 28. CONDUCT OF BATTLE OPERATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OF US AND JAPANESE FORCES
- 29. CONDUCT OF BATTLE 29 MIDWAY HAWAI USA USA ALEUTIAN FISRT CARRIER FORCE MOBILE TASK FORCE T-17 T-16 JAPAN MAIN BODY NORTHERN FORCE INVATION FORCE 428 M
- 30. 30 CONDUCT OF BATTLE Battle Execution United States Australia China Japan Aleutian 28 May 1942 Point Luck TF 16 Midway TF 17 2 June1942
- 31. 31 CONDUCT OF BATTLE Battle Execution United States Australia China Aleutian Midway Colum A (HOSOGAYA) Northern Strike Force Midway Occupation Force Group (Kondo) 12 transport Ship(5000 soldiers) 2 fast Battleships 3 Patrol Boats 10 Destroyers
- 32. 32
- 33. 33 BDA
- 34. 34 BDA LOST JAPAN USA Aircraft Carrier 4 1 Cruiser 1 - Heavy Cruiser Wrecked 1 - Battle Ship 1 - Destroyer 3 1 Oil Tanker 1 - Aircraft 248 98 Men Killed 3057 307
- 35. 35 AFTER EFFECTS
- 36. 36 Heavy looses in carries and veteran aircrews at Midway Japan’s expansion had been halted JAPANESE’S SIDE Become powerless and failed to be the great supremacy in pacific region
- 37. 37 Succeed to defend the area of the Midway Island until the war end Being energized the morale of US’s citizen UNITED STATES’S SIDE Considering to focus on developing carrier force
- 38. 38
- 40. 40 Superiority of American Intelligence Breaking of Japanese Naval code JN-25 WHY US SUCCEED? Early info about the attack on Midway Concentration of forces around Midway
- 41. 41 Promt action of Adm Nimitz Strengthened the defences of Midway and Aleutian WHY US SUCCEED? Taken the forces from the Solomon Island to the Midway
- 42. 42 Wrong Estimation Unaware of the presence of US carriers CAUSES OF JAPANESE DEFEAT Complexity of plan Dispersed the forces in a wide arc
- 43. 43 Fail to achieve surprize Late deployment of picket line submarines CAUSES OF JAPANESE DEFEAT Inadequate knowledge on aerial surveillance Crew fatigue level increased due to continues engagement
- 44. 44
- 45. 45 APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 46. 46 SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE AIM Japanese selected and maintained 2 aims. US kept one aim of defending Midway throughout the battle. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 47. 47 CONCENTRATION OF FORCES APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR Deployed all fleet asserts and air crafts to outnumber Japanese air power. Fleet divided into two groups and deployed in distances where they couldn’t help each other less concentration of forces.
- 48. 48 SURPRISE Japanese intention to surprise the US in the capture of Midway did not succeed. US intercepted Japan’s attack and were able to avoid surprise attack. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 49. 49 SECURITY Japanese lost force protection and freedom of action due to failure to secure their communication code and ops plans. US provided adequate security for their plans and retain the initiative for offensive action. APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 50. 50 CO-OPERATION APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 52. 52 OFFENSIVE ACTION Could maintain offensive initially, but failed to appreciate Enemy force Better offensive posture due to Prepared Defences APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 53. 53 ECONOMY OF EFFORT Poor training resulted in heavy loses and no hits in the initial strikes Better training ensured better Economy of Effort in air strikes APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 54. 54 Splitting the Japanese forces caused inflexibility Simple plan and aim maintain the flexibility of American forces FLEXIBILITY APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 55. 55 Japanese maintained high morale with Continues success and superiority in force US maintained high morale MORALE APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF WAR
- 56. 56
- 57. 57 During planning worst case of enemy deployment should be considered Information play a vital role LESSON LEARNT Complexity of plan may become disastrous Complexity of plan may become disastrous Overconfidence should be avoided Air supremacy is essential Air supremacy is essential
- 58. 58 Foresightedness is required Surveillance and scouting plays vital role LESSON LEARNT Calculated risk in tactical level may achieve surprise Fleet-in-being tactics can also inflict significant defeat Quick decision making is crucial
- 59. 59 The origin of the Battle of Midway was the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 Japanese plan was exposed due to code breaking by the American naval intelligence CONCLUSION Japan was the superior force and dispersed its forces in a wide arc Americans went on defensive posture concentrating their forces
- 60. 60 Good observance of Principles of War by the Americans Japanese went on defensive posture in the Pacific theatre CONCLUSION Americans gained offensive after the Battle of Midway
- 61. 61 Battle of Midway was the Beginning of the END CONCLUSION General Umezu signs instrument of surrender, 02 Sep 1945
- 62. 62 DISCUSSION
Editor's Notes
- Respected Directing Staff and my dear fellow student officers of 60th BN JSC Assalamualykum and very good morning , I Lt Cdr Sazzad along with Lt cdr Saif and Lt Cdr Saiful welcome you to our todays presentation on Battle of Midway.
- a. During planning the worst case enemy deployment should be considered. Too much of assumptions in own favour should be avoided. b. Security of information can play a vital role in the war. c. Wide dispersion of forces and complexity of plan may become disastrous. d. Overconfidence may lead any superior force to lose the battle. e. Possession of air supremacy is an essential factor in naval warfare. It is becoming more effective day by day.
- f. Foresightedness is essential for a leader to achieve surprise and victory. g. Surveillance and scouting plays vital role before any offensive action. h. Calculated risk can play important role to in the tactical level to achieve surprise. j. Fleet-in-being tactics by inferior force can inflict significant defeat to superior force. k. Quick decision making by the leader can be crucial in battle scenario.
- The origin of the Battle of Midway was the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 after which Japanese planned to extend their defence perimeter. The Japanese wanted to have a decisive battle to eliminate the remaining American Pacific fleet. But due to code breaking by the American naval intelligence, Japanese plan was exposed. Japan was the superior force and under the leadership of Admiral Yamamoto dispersed its forces in a wide arc. Being offensive they mostly relied on confidence and assumptions. On the other hand, the Americans under the leadership of Admiral Nimitz went on defensive posture concentrating their forces mostly around Midway Islands.
- The battle was really lost when Yamamoto first divided his striking forces and decided a highly complicated plan of attack based on his assumption. Moreover, the most important factor in the Battle of Midway was the prompt and wide use of intelligence report by the US force. The Japanese lost four out of six operational fleet carriers, as well as a large number of highly trained pilots and carrier based aircrew. Japan could never recover these loses and ultimately failed to maintain its offensive posture in the Pacific.