1. Pg. 1
BreAnna Grantham
Mammal Surveillance for Bio 168
Date: 8 Sept 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~1 mile
Start: Guy West Bridge
To: Observe mammals
Locality: American River Parkway
Weather: Sunny, very warm ≈70oF
Time in: ~10:20
Time out: ~11:15
-Saw Black Phoebe on picnic bench in
Alumni Grove
-Heard Scrub Jay calls.
-Saw Locust trees in Alumni Grove.
Pg. 2
BreAnna Grantham
-Several burrows on hillside.
-Material inside not in use.
-Soil kicked out maybe a ground squirrel.
-May have been enlarged by secondary use.
-Saw very little sign no living ones.
-Construction noise going as well as recent
mowing.
-2 areas with deserted burrows.
-Another past alumni grove.
-A burrow under a log.
-Runways partly foot traffic.
Pg. 3
BreAnna Grantham
Some small enough to be rodents
-Saw several Western Fence lizards on tree
trunks + ground + logs.
(Note: Accidentally misplaced notes from
the middle of outing 2 on wrong page)
-Stepped in a puddle left by sprinklers.
-Another squirrel sighted on a tree between
where several branches start (crest of the
tree?) moved, I lost sight of it.
Pg. 4
BreAnna Grantham
Mammal Surveillance for Bio 168 and
collecting insects for Entomology.
Date: 12 Sept. 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~ 1 mile
Start: Outside American River Courtyard
Locality: Outside dorms on Sac State
campus.
Time in: 14:25
Time out: 15:20
-See many college students playing baseball.
Weather: Hot, sunny, 90’so F
Pg. 5
BreAnna Grantham
-Approached bushes, scared a large
carpenter bee see many honeybees.
-Hole in a tree outside draper hall. Seen
squirrels go in and out of it in past, none
today.
-See a squirrel on ground at base of tree.
Another one further ahead. Squirrel at base
of tree twitching tail + is now grooming.
Pg. 6
BreAnna Grantham
-Squirrel further ahead ran up tree + no
longer visible from here.
-First squirrel now eating something small
that I can’t see.
-Will take closer look can’t tell, squirrel
dropped it and is now roaming around base
of tree.
-Lots of chestnuts on ground, I think
squirrels love them.
-Smaller hole on a cottonwood? Tree
tapped outside bark no sign no responses.

2. Pg. 7
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw a medium sized Western Fence lizard
on large tree trunk. It scuttered away.
-Heard a finch or sparrow like chirp
repeatedly.
-Saw 2 large dragonflies circle area around
domestic rose bushes. They keep hitting
ground + going back up a different way.
-Head something move around in bushes,
probably a lizard.
-Squirrel out on grass lawn, it ran.
Pg. 8
BreAnna Grantham
To parking lot curb right when I just saw it.
Now it is laying flat in shade probably trying
to conceal itself.
-Lots of pistachio shells near bushes by
sidewalk possibly squirrels but probably
college students
-Small burrow under juniper berry bushes
has spider webs inside not in use.
-Large burrow under another juniper berry
bush. Not likely in use.
Pg. 9
BreAnna Grantham
-Dip in ground appears a large stick got
dragged or pulled out. Stick is likely a large
tree root from a stump.
-Small burrow near succulents. Filled with
dry vegetation.
-Just noticed a squirrel within a couple of
yards on a lawn lots of clover appeared to
eat lawn plants. I also heard it chew
something hard. It ran a few feet away.
Pg. 10
BreAnna Grantham
It ran along in the direction I went as I
walked away looks like it is protecting a tree
might be it’s turf had a defensive stance then
walked away and ate.
-Touched it’s tree moved a bit but resumed
eating. Other students walked out nearby
dorm. Buried its head in grass until they
passed by.
Pg.11
BreAnna Grantham
-Squirrel in shade on lawn of main dorm
quad. Walking slowly has face near ground.
Walked around tree eating something in it’s
paws.
-Another squirrel under tree in a spot around
the sidewalk eating something in it’s paws.
-Another squirrel in shady grass in quad
laying on ground, passerbys repeatedly.
Pg. 12
BreAnna Grantham
Running + ducking.
Conclusion:
-There might be more wildlife around early
morning + late evenings.
-I should learn names of dorms by map for
landmark purposes.
Pg. 13
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy Surveillance for Bio 168 +
collecting insects for entomology.
Date: 14 Sept. 2014
Begin mileage:0
End mileage: ~3.5 miles
Start: Outside American River Courtyard
Locality: American River Parkway and
campus
Time in: 9:40
Time out: 12:30
Weather: Sunny, low 80’s.
Pg.14
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw 3 squirrels on campus 2 were chasing
each other.
-Passed construction zone; saw a couple of
squirrels moving in and out of the fenced off
area.
-Saw many small Western Fence lizards run
into vegetation as I passed.
-Saw a deer and 2 fawns in a meadow past a
forested area that I was sitting under.
Stayed and

3. Pg. 15
BreAnna Grantham
looked at me for a couple of minutes. Then
all 3 left as I sat down to take notes.
-Actually see doe slightly behind a tree
fawns are out of sight.
-Many acorns dropped onto a dirt trail.
Squirrels may be after these.
-See a burrow, some vegetation, ground is
covered with may or may not be in use.
Pg. 16
BreAnna Grantham
-Another longer burrow. Possible tracks
outside it. Soil too loose to make out tracks.
-Noticed several other burrows in this area.
-A few acorns outside, could have just fallen
off neighboring trees.
-Many human tracks outside burrows.
-Found small red ant hill past burrows,
collected a few for entomology.
-Passed another very loud construction zone.
Pg. 17
BreAnna Grantham
-Walking on a dirt trail to get away from
construction and many bicyclists.
-Found a spot with charcoal ground and
burnt vegetation.
-Heard a Stellar’s Jay call, scared a Gray Jay
as well. Saw a couple of deer tracks.
-Many white clam shells scattered in burnt
area.
-Saw small round pellets on a rocky hillside
across from
Pg. 18
BreAnna Grantham
Water treatment plant on A. River.
-I notice many dragonflies going for bushes,
caught a skipper butterfly and a stink bug for
entomology.
-Also found more of those round pellets
further from river bank in a cluster around a
rock.
-Saw a couple of clumps of fur or cotton.
-Saw another deer track in trail.
-Found another burned area, a few large
burrows some had spider webs in front
others not.
Pg. 19
BreAnna Grantham
-Scared a squirrel, it jumped from small tree
to small tree as I passed by.
-Saw a less common Western Gray squirrel
run up a tree.
-Crossed power inn bridge, on way back
from round trip, construction here as well,
not much life.
-Found another large burned area. Saw
some of those round pellets again
throughout it. Also scared a ground
Pg.19
BreAnna Grantham
-Squirrel into the bushes near bank.
-Stopped at a bank, not much mammal sign
but caught a yellow jacket + damsel fly for
entomology.
-In alumni grove, a possible coyote poop,
looked like small dog w/ fur in it + a
chicken bone next to it.
-Hotter out, not much. dog scat on a hillside,
most likely a walked dog.
-Conclusion I will explore other habitats for
more biodiversity.

4. Pg.20
BreAnna Grantham
Mammal surveillance for Bio 168 and
collecting insects for Entomology
Date: 21 Sept 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~2 miles
Start: Outside American River Courtyard on
Sac State campus
Locality: American River Parkway towards
Watt avenue
Weather: Partly cloudy, warm
Time in: 15:25
Time out: 17:15
Pg.21
BreAnna Grantham
-Heard small plants rustle in the courtyard.
Western Fence lizards commonly move
around in plants there.
-No squirrels spotted on way off campus this
time.
-Saw lots of fallen leaves + old fruits + nuts
on ground by road on way to Howe bridge.
-Saw a burrow stuffed w/ leaves. Also saw
an impression of a small rodent on all 4’s
outside burrow.
-Heard many birds chirp at once then stop.
Pg.23
BreAnna Grantham
-Lots of traffic passing by today.
-Saw a couple of small Western Fence
lizards. Gently caught and released one,
appears very healthy.
-Saw a not quit fully grown squirrel climb
up a tree with a really wide trunk.
-Scared a couple more Western Fence
lizards one was fully grown.
-Got a whiff of skunk near Howe bridge,
area has graffiti so it could be the stench of
marijuana.
Pg.24
BreAnna Grantham
Saw lots under Howe bridge!
-A dismembered small mammal tail, too soft
+ thick to be a squirrel.
-Many anthropomorphic signs: puddle on
ground, garbage, graffiti.
-Saw many burrows that have spider webs.
People may have been hanging out more +
many animals left.
-Out from bridge.
-Heard a raven call.
-Saw a gray jay + scared a dove.
-heard a high pitched bird call.
Pg. 25
BreAnna Grantham
-Also saw squirrel running back uphill as I
approached the bridge earlier.
-See dragonflies in roadway + many small
ants.
-Heard scrub jay.
-See round pellets as well as scat w/ seeds in
it on hillside. Possibly a raccoon.
-Saw a couple of ground squirrels up ahead
-See several ravens keep hearing them.
Pg.26
BreAnna Grantham
-Many butterflies as well, tried to catch
white one, but it got away.
-See 6 ravens in a tree.
-Scared 2 large flocks of mourning doves.
-See an egret in the water.
-Found many beetle like insects on yellow
flowering plants. Collected a few for
Entomology, lots of pattern variation.
-15 doves in a row on a power line, 1 on
lower line makes 16.
-Hear a wild kill deer call as well as geese.

5. Pg. 27
BreAnna Grantham
-All 6 ravens left tree.
-Saw a big gray squirrel run away down
trail.
-Saw same egret as before as I approached
water as well as a couple of mallards.
-Saw many small burrows by trail. As well
as small paw prints in trail, probably a
domestic dog.
-Saw killdeer
-Lifted log, just tiny black ants all over.
-Saw a few big Western Fence lizards
resting on rocks.
Pg.28
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw a few fishermen in river.
-Also many white clam shells on shore.
-Heading back, caught a velvet ant in gravel
by trail for entomology class.
-Collected a spotless ladybug on a white
flowering plant. Found many midge/fly like
insects, collected a few of those.
-Saw many small burrows toward campus,
now have webs in them.
Pg.29
BreAnna Grantham
Conclusion:
Thought there would be more squirrels with
the cloud cover. Maybe they prefer
mornings and evenings on sunny days and
move into a slightly deeper habitat on
cloudy days.
Pg. 30
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy surveillance for Bio 168 and
collecting insects for Entomology
Date: 28 Sept 2018
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~1 mile
Start: Outside American River Courtyard on
Sac State campus
Locality: On main Sac State campus
Weather: cool, cloudy
Time in: 11:25
Time out: 13:45
Pg. 31
BreAnna Grantham
-Heard phoebes outside courtyard.
-Saw domestic rose bushes grown in terraces
around parking lot.
-Saw a squirrel standing at base of tree,
obvious white belly. Went on all 4’s as I got
closer to pass by.
-Heard something hard as I crossed the
street toward Arboretum. Realized that I
accidentally kicked a very dried out +
warped squirrel carcass.
Pg.32
BreAnna Grantham
-See 3 squirrels in arboretum as I sit on
bench to write.
-Walked thru tunnel underpass, no signs.
Tunnel made out of metal culvert material +
many bicyclists pass by so it is probably not
good habitat.
-Heard several bird calls, most indistinct
recognized raven.
-Walked back towards arboretum. Saw a
couple of medium sized white mushrooms.
One appears to have already been stepped
on/smashed.
-Saw a Western Gray
Pg. 33
BreAnna Grantham
-squirrel run up a tree w/ a small fox squirrel
in it. Fox squirrel ran higher up.
-Saw several more squirrels.
-Heard Anna’s Hummingbird + indistinct
bird calls.
-Saw a squirrel run in sidewalk.
-Sounds like 2 or more Anna’s
hummingbirds.
-Squirrel foraging in a plant bed. Another
running + stopping repeatedly +
rhythmically in a plant bed.

6. Pg.34
BreAnna Grantham
-Hear cicadas or crickets near the tree
labeled Plum Yew. Possibly under leaves
on ground.
-Lifted leaves saw a few things move too
fast to tell. Saw several small snail shells.
-Saw large snails on plants.
-Saw tiny black ants on large tree.
-Saw gray squirrel run up tree, not sure if it
is same one.
-See a small fox squirrel on all 4’s on base
of tree ran earlier up tree as I walked by.
Pg.35
BreAnna Grantham
-Sitting on a bench, several small black ants
on it.
-Collected small ants for entomology class.
-Went inside porta potty, French fries on
floor, not sure if animals fit in + out between
gaps or if a human left them.
-Starting to rain lightly.
-See a squirrel digging around leaves.
-Many small pieces falling from trees due to
rain.
Lifted board saw about 10 night crawlers + a
sow bug.
Pg.36
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw a large light orange berry on ground
unsure which plant it is from possibly tree
w/ red berries one fell off + got discolored.
-Hear squirrels chattering.
-See many small black ants in leaf litter on
ground.
-See no more squirrels, possibly hiding from
rain.
-Found something that looks like an
unusually shaped leaf picked it up, too soft
for plant looks like it might be a prey mantis
wing.
-Hear bird calls again, indistinct.
Pg.37
BreAnna Grantham
-Rain has let up, will continue on around
campus.
-Heard more indistinct bird calls.
-Saw more white mushrooms, look a little
different from the others but white as well.
-Stopped at a bench outside Yosemite hall.
-Saw squirrel on top of garbage can, had
black bulges under tail definitely a male.
-Saw bushes planted along buildings with
purple berries. Most are still green or red.
-Saw an empty birds nest in part of the eve
at Solanos hall.
Pg.38
BreAnna Grantham
-Seen a few old banana peels around campus
this outing.
-Heard a squirrel bark, looked over saw one
at base of tree. See teats on belly definitely
female. Saw a few smaller ones passing by.
-Saw several finches + sparrows under 1
tree. Flew up into tree + nearby bushes as I
approached to get a closer look.
-Heard scrub jay + robin.
Pg.39
BreAnna Grantham
-Walked around exposed stairwell of Tahoe
hall. Nothing today. Last Thursday I caught
+ released 3 W. Fence lizards + a huge wolf
spider + a green prey mantis. It was a sunny
afternoon that day.
-Today it continues to sprinkle off + on. I
hear a raven.
Outside Well on campus:
-See a pile of Scrub jay feathers on ground
near bushes w/ red hard berries that grow in
clusters.

7. Pg.40
BreAnna Grantham
-See several large tall clumps of grass plant
planted.
-See bushes w/ glossy oblong blue colored
berries.
-Small burrow in leaf litter near the blue-
colored berry bushes.
-Rain has let up once again. Feels a little
warmer.
-Hear random bird calls again. Saw a small
damsel fly pass by.
-See small brown ants on walkway.
-Saw many juniper bushes outside library in
back.
Pg.41
BreAnna Grantham
-A squirrel ran into the juniper bush as I
passed by, another just ignored me and
stayed on the lawn.
-Saw a large squirrel slowly climb up tree.
-See a fern like plant with red berries, some
still green in library quad.
-Quieter here on weekends.
-Saw old cherries from cherry tree on
ground near Brighton hall.
-Hear phoebe and Clark’s nutcracker or
hawk calls.
Pg.42
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw a squirrel on a bench, then it ran up a
tree.
-Saw 2 squirrels on lawn 1 on sidewalk
outside Douglas hall in back.
-On side saw a pineapple guava fruit tree.
Not ripe yet, a squirrel on branch of tree
eating a hard unripe fruit.
-Saw a squirrel in a different tree eating a
leaf or something off of a leaf.
-Heard a squirrel bark for a second.
-Hear phoebes + indistinct bird calls.
-Hear more squirrels barking.
Pg. 43
BreAnna Grantham
-One was in a tree overhead.
-More people around closer to River front
center walking dogs + upsetting squirrels.
Conclusion:
I will want to check same area during
warmer sunny days to compare animal sign
+ activity.
Pg.44
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy Survelience for Bio 168
Date: 4 Oct. 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~1 mile
Start: Outside garage at grandfather’s house
outside Wilton
Locality: Farmland outside Wilton
Weather: Warm, sunny
Time in: 10:35
Time out: 11:35
Pg.45
BreAnna Grantham
-Hear various bird calls + chickens crowing.
-Yellow jackets bothering grandparents in
front yard + saw a beetle on ground.
-Lifted board near water well, very dry soil,
have seen frogs in the past there.
-Scared a couple of hummingbirds by
walking by the feeder.
-Honey bees + knats + yellow jackets + big
W. fence lizard in garden.
Pg.46
BreAnna Grantham
-Caught a tree frog under a board w/ very
moist soil, it squeaked. I let it crawl back
under the board.
-Grandparents’ garden does not have any
obvious mammal sign. In past years have
seen gophers + voles + burrows. This could
be because my grandparents have taken
steps to lower their numbers to protect their
garden.
-Caught a rather large W. fence lizard. Saw
a small one missing it’s tail.

8. Pg. 47
BreAnna Grantham
-Looks as if field where grandparents’ are
growing fig + plum + other fruit trees has
been plowed.
Pg.48
BreAnna Grantham
-Hear hawks over + over.
-Hear a scrub jay.
-See a small burrow filled w/ dried grass +
surrounding dry vegetation.
-Lifted huge plywood, saw another small
burrow.
-Scared a couple more W. fence lizards, a
huge one climbed a tree to flee.
-Walked by chicken coop. Old digs present.
Grandmother told me a couple years ago
they had rats get into the coop. Traps are set
to prevent more intrusions.
Pg.49
BreAnna Grantham
-Hear many birds, see one in a tree fluttering
around. Hear one pecking near it could be a
squirrel can’t see.
-Near overgrown area have scared deer there
in the past. None today, may be a little late
in morning. Grandmother told me she
scared a couple today, so they may be gone
for now.
-See a tiny bushtit bird it is chirping, just
three meters away, A couple more showed
up + landed in same tree.
Pg.50
BreAnna Grantham
-Need to move, some black ants crawling on
me.
-See many long acorns on ground
throughout property.
-Caught a medium sized N. Alligator lizard.
It curled up around my middle finger as I
held it in my hand + it pooped. These kind
tend to be more high strong then W. fence
lizards.
-A female robin just flew between 2 trees
overhead.
-Heard ravens off in distance.
Pg.51
BreAnna Grantham
Conclusion:
There have not been many sightings this
year for mammals other than squirrels and
some deer. My grandparents told me they
have not seen a bunny around in the last
couple of years. There used to be at least a
few at a time.
Pg.52
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy Survelience for Bio 168
Date: 9 Oct 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~2 miles
Start: Outside American River Courtyard on
Sac State campus
Locality: Sac State campus
Weather: Hot, sunny
Time in: 14:20
Time out : 16:35
Pg.53
BreAnna Grantham
-14:30 in Arboretum
-Saw tire tracks on lawn by AMC on way to
Arboretum. Either maintenance or someone
drove in a motorize restriction area.
-See a large “fairy ring” of white
mushrooms near Coastal Redwood tree.
-Scared a squirrel off a log as I approached
it to sit.
-Heard a cricket.

9. Pg. 54
BreAnna Grantham
14:33
See a tree w/ a wide open base on bottom
could make a great micro habitat. Soil is
very moist in it, see an old dig but it is
currently uninhabited.
-Hear a Clark’s Nutcracker.
-Finches chirping.
14:36
-See 2 squirrels, scared 3 robins, hear a
couple indistinct bird calls, a squirrel is on
the tip of a branch flicking it’s tail + fussing
ahead + above me.
Pg.55
BreAnna Grantham
-Starting to have a rough chirp as I walk
under the branch it is on.
14:39
-Saw a squirrel up ahead run across path +
up tree.
-A male squirrel stood on it’s hind legs
briefly s now eating something in it’s paws.
-14:44
-See a large bright yellow mushroom at the
base of tree trunk, color so out of place
Pg.56
BreAnna Grantham
That it looks like a yellow plastic bag.
-Hear an Anna’s Hummingbird chirping.
14:48
-See a fungus or hardened slime mold on
side of a tree w/ a sprinkler on bark right
above it.
-See a round but not so deep depression in
the ground litter.
Pg.57
BreAnna Grantham
14:49 See a squirrel on a log eating
something. A bird just flew away.
-Noticed there are 2 squirrels on that log
instead of 1, the one stopped eating other
one jumped off + hopped away.
15:00
-Heading out of arboretum toward area
around the Well. Lifted a few logs in
arboretum, noticed small roaches,
millipedes, a desiccated W. Fence lizard + a
small W. Fence lizard ran away from me.
Pg.58
BreAnna Grantham
15:02
See a burrow around a stump filled w/ litter
+ spider webs.
15:03
Another old burrow by Eucalyptus tree.
15:04
Scared a squirrel up a tree by road, was at
first worried it would run into road as I
passed by.
15:06
Saw another squirrel up ahead. Large shelf
mushrooms at base of a very large
Eucalyptus.
Pg.59
BreAnna Grantham
15:11
-Scared 2 rather large W. Fence lizards, ran
into Eucalyptus litter.
-15:15
Checked out a swampy area near train tracks
no wildlife signs there. Lots of garbage.
15:33
-Lifted small log caught + released small
alligator lizard. It was rather calm + sniffed
with it’s tongue. Seems rather healthy.

10. Pg. 60
BreAnna Grantham
-Been scaring several W. Fence lizards up
Eucalyptus trees on way to Well.
-15:37
Walked past Well a bit, to check out rest of
Eucalyptus area. Scared a few more large
W. Fence lizards. Saw a big bright green
female full of eggs prey mantis on side of
Eucalyptus tree.
Pg. 61
BreAnna Grantham
15:56
Arrived at Well, will head back across
campus and keep an eye out for more
wildlife.
16:05
Outside Tahoe Hall. See 2 squirrels. One
eating something in it’s paws crouched on
ground. Another one on leaning part of tree
facing it. I wonder if they are watching each
other or if that one is just resting.
Pg.62
BreAnna Grantham
16:09
A squirrel foraging on ground near Amador
Hall.
16:13
A squirrel in library quad regardless of there
being many people sitting on the benches. It
still forages as many go in and out of library.
It slowly walked away as I looked over to
observe it.
16:17
Saw a phoebe fly away + chirp near
Brighton Annex.
Pg.63
BreAnna Grantham
16:21
Near greenhouses
Scared a small W. Fence lizard under rocks,
will not lift rocks, do not want to risk
squishing it.
16:23
Chased large W. Fence lizard, it jumped off
greenhouse wall onto ground can’t find it
now.
Conclusion:
Plan to explore off campus for more
biodiversity.
Pg.64
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy Survelience for Bio 168
Date: 19 Oct 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~3 miles
Start: Outside American River Courtyard
Locality: American River past Howe bridge
Weather: cool, sunny
Time in: 9:50
Time out: 13:00
Pg.65
BreAnna Grantham
9:50
Saw 3 squirrels near power box on hind
legs.
They left as I looked up at them.
9:52
See a squirrel foraging. It ran onto tree as I
passed by, went back down. It is nibbling at
the bark on the tree.
-Hear indistinct bird calls, sound like small
birds.
9:55 Heard raven saw squirrel run across
street.

11. Pg.66
BreAnna Grantham
See a squirrel standing on hind legs on edge
of sidewalk by Howe avenue.
Another squirrel foraging in a fruit
tree almost overhead of squirrel in sidewalk.
Squirrel in sidewalk is foraging
ground. It ran under hole in fence as I
passed by.
9:59
-See some pineapple guava fruit on
sidewalk.
Pg.67
BreAnna Grantham
10:10
Heard Anna’s Hummingbird call.
10:12
2 large W. Fence lizards fled under bridge
gap at Howe bridge.
10:14
Lots of trash past Howe bridge.
10:17
See a possible small dig in ground,
blackberries all dried up.
Pg.68
BreAnna Grantham
Hear various bird calls. Heard a mallard
call.
10:20
Scared a couple more big W. Fence lizards,
both escaped.
10:22
See a dead carp on shore, not so big as far as
carp go.
10:23
Hear at least 2 Killdeer, saw both flying
around.
Pg.69
BreAnna Grantham
10:27
See same small digs as last time in this area
on trailside.
10:28
Hear raven call.
10:30
See 2 ravens in large tree.
10:33
A squirrel ran from branch to tree top when
I heard a Clark’s nutcracker call and gazed
around for it.
Pg.70
BreAnna Grantham
10:35
See small scat w/ seeds in it by trail headed
downhill, could be a raccoon.
10:40
Caught + released a small W. Fence lizard.
Seemed slow at first, possibly because of
shedding. Ran off after I released it.
Noticed a squished Prey Mantis
surrounded by small black ants as I handled
the lizard.
Pg.71
BreAnna Grantham
10:43
See a Killdeer perched on log. It flew away
calling as I walked by.
10:44
See tracks on bank, most likely domestic
dogs bought by fishermen.
10:49
Scared a bunch of minnows in shallow spot
by bank, hear cicadas chirping in tall grass.
11:01
Scared 2 sparrows in middle of trail.

12. Pg.72
BreAnna Grantham
11:02
See a bunch of old dry round pellets
scattered around trailside.
11:09
See deer tracks in sand. Heard a Scrub Jay
off in distance + other indistinct bird calls.
-See lots of minnows in a pool by river.
Pg.73
BreAnna Grantham
11:15
Saw something somewhat large run under a
log possibly a squirrel.
11:19
Saw a Black Phoebe + hear at least 2 Scrub
Jays.
11:20
Saw a flicker fly up + perch in a tree.
11:22
See at least 7 Canadian Geese on river
island.
Pg.74
BreAnna Grantham
11:24
Found pool by American River, scared lots
of bullfrogs + large tadpoles. Pursuing a
bull frog to get a closer look.
11:40
Caught one of the frogs. They are smaller
than most bullfrogs. I heard frogs morph
earlier if they detect predators in their
tadpole stage. They look and chirp like
bullfrogs so I think they are small bullfrogs.
Terrain is very muddy to walk through.
Pg.75
BreAnna Grantham
11:57
Getting hot heading back. Heard siren +
train off in distance.
12:02
Saw a faint deer track in sand.
12:24
See a bunch of small round pellets scattered
in area off trail near Howe bridge.
12:27
Scared 2 large W. Fence lizards under Howe
bridge, I
Pg.76
BreAnna Grantham
Wonder if they are the same ones as before.
A smaller one ran up a pipe. A bigger one
keeps slowly venturing back outside.
12:28
Caught a small W. Fence lizard. Really
squirmy + healthy. See the big one poking
it’s head out from under bridge again.
12:41
Gently caught + released another small W.
Fence lizard in the leaves.
Pg.77
BreAnna Grantham
12:43
See several W. Fence lizards on rocks, so far
they are getting away.
Caught a fourth W. Fence lizard. Another
small one. Smaller ones seem easier to
catch, maybe that will change when it gets
colder this year.
12:50
See a couple of old digs under fence at edge
of Sac State dorm area.
Pg.78
BreAnna Grantham
12:56
Saw a tiny W. Fence lizard on campus.
Looks like it is growing back a lost tail, it is
a black and stubby tail.
Conclusion: Next weekend I am going to
Santa Cruz and taking observation there.

13. Pg.79
BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy survelience for Bio 168
Date: 25 Oct 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~2
Start: In parking area
Locality: Parking lot at Helor Empire
Time in: 9:40
Time out: 13:47
Weather: Rainy after long dry spell
Pg.80
BreAnna Grantham
-2 deer laying on ground.
-3 Phoebes flew away
-Yellow jacket circling around parking lot, it
left.
-Walking in a Field Biology group, heard an
Anna’s Hummingbird.
-Walking thru coastal forest past dorms in
area.
-Lifted log, very dry unlikely to have
wildlife.
Pg.81
BreAnna Grantham
-Found banana slug group held it + took
pictures and then set it back down.
-Walked thru cave, a Ensentina salamander
got stepped on earlier.
-See lots of garbage + graffiti in cave.
-Was shown a tiny cave adapted isopod on a
stick.
-See a larger banana slug outside at cave.
Pg.82
BreAnna Grantham
-Heard a Scrub Jay call.
-Lifted log found a tiny Ensentina, took
pictures, placed log back had it crawl back
under log afterwards.
-We found a big aquatic salamander in a
puddle. Someone else caught it in a net, we
took pics.
Pg.83
BreAnna Grantham
-Seen a few tiny crickets under log.
-Group identified aquatic salamander as a
larval stage of a Pacific Giant Salamander.
-Found 2 smaller Pacific Giant Salamander
larvae. Gently got + released one into
water.
-Saw 2 more banana slugs on soaked hillside
in leaf litter. One of them had it’s mobility
organs shown, gently picked up + took
pictures of it.
-Heard a raven off in the distance.
Pg.84
BreAnna Grantham
-Went inside stump cave.
-Found 2 giant millipedes.
Found a larger Ensentina, not quit as large
as the one that got stepped on earlier.
-Found a slender salamander.
-Lifted up a few more logs on the way out,
small roaches + crickets. Pg.85
BreAnna Grantham
Mammal survelience for Bio 168
Date: 25 Oct 2014
Begin mileage: 0
End mileage: ~0.5 miles
Time in: 13:50
Time out: 14:30
Weather: Partly cloudy, cool.
Pg.86
BreAnna Grantham
-Heard a Anna’s Hummingbird.
-Lifted a log + traffic cone saw pill bugs.
-Heard a Western Scrub Jay.
-Anna’s Hummingbird flew around
chirping, we may have scared it.
-Saw a small W. fence lizard, it escaped into
a large succulent.
-Saw a couple more large ones that escaped
into bushes.
-Caught a large one off a wooden wall.
Somewhat blue, has orange patches on its
legs, seems healthy.
Pg.87

14. BreAnna Grantham
-Scared 2 Black-Headed Phoebes.
-Hear a Flicker or a Hawk.
-Saw a few more tiny lizards, escaped under
rocks + logs.
-Lifted a small moist log, found 2 small
Jerusalem crickets. Touching them so they
dig a burrow + not get squished when I
place log back.
-Lifted another log, another Jerusalem
cricket.
-Lifted huge square log, saw big W. Fence
lizard, caught it. More blue
Pg.88
BreAnna Grantham
Than last one. Orange patches on legs +
very healthy.
-Heard others say they saw a bunny but it
ran.
Pg.89
BreAnna Grantham
Mammal survelience for Bio 168
Date: 25 Oct 2014
Being mileage: 0
End mileage: ~1.5 miles
Start: Parking area near Natural Bridges.
Locality: Natural Bridges State Park.
Time in: 16:10
Time out: 18:30
Weather: Clear, warm.
Pg.90
BreAnna Grantham
-Heard a frog call, sounds like a Chorus
frog.
-See huge Eucalyptus grown into itself.
-Saw chalky limestone throughout Monarch
Path.
-Saw a small aggregation of Monarch
butterflies overhead, probably just getting
started, not as much of an aggregation as
pictures have shown.
-Walked towards cars, saw many burrows in
soil.
-Saw a seagull fly by.
-Hear many indistinct bird calls.
Pg.91
BreAnna Grantham
-Walked on ocean cliffs.
-Saw barnacles + snails.
-Found seaweed on the beach w/ pink
barnacles.
-A couple poked in and out. Threw it into
surf.
-Saw many giant green anemones in tide
pools.
-One tide pool had a small soft shelled crab,
very skittish.
Pg.92
BreAnna Grantham
-Took it out to get a picture.
-Saw various hermit crabs, shells are
colorful.
-Saw a large sculpin + small sculpin in a
large tide pool.
-Saw white coral close to cliff edge.
-Saw a black oyster catcher bird.
-Saw people swimming.
-Saw many sandpipers running to ebbs +
away from flows. “chasing the tides”
Pg.93
BreAnna Grantham
-Mostly mussels covering the rocks, a few
other clams.
-Some hermit crabs had shells that looked
exactly like the black snail shells.
-Found one anemone eating dead crab or
fish.
-Some anemones had stripes on tentacles.
Others had a sun like pattern in their center.
-Saw some snails with flat shells.
Pg.94
BreAnna Grantham
-Saw a Monarch butterfly on a big grass
blade.
Conclusion: There is lots of biodiversity
here.
Pg.95

15. BreAnna Grantham
Mammalogy survelience for Bio 168
Date: 2 Nov 2014
Begin mileage: ~0.25 miles
End mileage: ~2.25 miles
Start: Howe Bridge by American River
Time in: 15:10
Time out: 16:10
Weather: Sunny, warm, windy
Pg.96
BreAnna Grantham
15:10
-See a possible small engraved deer track in
sidewalk.
-No lizards out by Howe Bridge today,
maybe it has gotten too cold.
15:22
-Construction, still going on across Howe
Bridge, areas where I used to find many
lizards are closed off. Saw many old spider
webs on bridge railings as I crossed.
Pg.97
BreAnna Grantham
15:26
Passed a group of 26 turkeys below the
walkway. They are on a dirt road, I am on a
pavement road up on a hill above them.
-Hear a bird, sounds like an unusual Scrub
Jay call, higher pitched than usual.
15:28
Saw a black headed phoebe on same trail
down below.
Pg.98
BreAnna Grantham
15:31
They did close the Guy West Bridge.
15:33
Hear a bird call that sounds almost like a
hiss. See bicyclist on “closed bridge”,
maybe they forgot to take the sign down,
will proceed with caution.
Pg.99
BreAnna Grantham
15:49
-Turns out the Guy West Bridge was open
for crossing, they had the sign because some
of the road on the side I was on got closed.
-Heard an Anna’s Hummingbird.
-Scared a ground squirrel + a small W.
Fence lizard under big log.
-Hear robin calls.
Heard raven calls.
15:51
-See a couple of deer tracks in mud.
Pg.100
BreAnna Grantham
15:53
See possible old coyote scat by levy, has fur
in it.
16:01
Lifted a couple of logs, saw big black stink
beetles.
-One very big log had some kind of a rodent,
I made sure it was clear and then placed the
log back.
Also saw a complex burrow underneath,
probably gets more complex underground.
Pg.101
BreAnna Grantham
16:05
See small bed of shelf mushrooms about an
eighth of the way up a burnt tree in an area
that experienced a fire the year before last
year, I remember it being burnt last year but
didn’t know when the fire occurred,
probably over the summer the year before.
16:09
See many small burrows in burnt soil, keep
hearing many robin calls.
Pg.102

16. BreAnna Grantham
Mammal Survelience for Bio 164
Date: 11 Nov 2014
Begin mileage: ~0.10 miles
End mileage: ~1.5 miles
Start: Near Guy West Bridge
Locality: American River Parkway
Weather: Overcast, cool, light breeze
Time in: 13:55
Time out: 14:55
Pg.103
BreAnna Grantham
13:55
Hear various bird calls. Heard a splash in
the river, probably just people goofing
around, I hear them shouting “Jump Jump
Jump!”
-Heard an Anna’s Hummingbird.
15:59
Saw Scrub Jay fly into bushes.
14:00
See bright blue Scrub Jay downhill, hopped
into blackberry bushes.
-Hear Scrub Jay call, + a Flicker.
Pg.104
BreAnna Grantham
14:02
Underneath Guy West Bridge is no longer
fenced off and I can start observing here
again.
14:03
Saw a small old hole on hillside as I walked
down.
14:04
Walked by 2 flat open boxes of bird seed,
probably a college experiment I recall
having field experiments in ecology class.
Pg.105
BreAnna Grantham
14:06
Hay-like vegetation on ground, most likely
bought here during construction.
14:07
See lots of blue on rocks + ground appears
there has been lots of weed spraying which
might be source of straw-like vegetation.
14:10
On levee under Guy West Bridge, see some
minnows in a small pool
Pg.106
BreAnna Grantham
By river.
14:15
Saw a squirrel on limb of large bush, it
seemed to have taken off.
14:16
See another 2 open seed boxes on hillside by
alumni grove downhill from picnic area.
14:17
See another 2 seed boxes on about same
ground level as picnic area.
Pg.107
BreAnna Grantham
14:22
Wind kicking up off and on, a storm might
be coming in. Hear various bird calls.
14:27
Hear raven call. See flock of 9 flying
overhead, see 2 others following from way
behind.
14:31
Lifted small piece of bark, found a small W.
Fence lizard w/ bluespots on it’s back +
Pg.108

17. BreAnna Grantham
Tail tip missing. It felt cool + started
moving a lot. I let it go, to ensure it does not
get warmed up when it’s in a cold
environment.
14:34
Lifted a light log, saw big Black Widow
spider.
-hear Flickers.
14:35
-Hear Mallards quacking.
- I am in an area that appears to have burned
more recently than the other burned areas I
saw earlier. I see
Pg.109
BreAnna Grantham
A mushroom poking out of the charred soil
about silver dollar sized.
14:41
See a male + female mallard, probably the
ones I heard earlier.
14:42
Many small bee flies on sandy bank as well
as tiny moths.
14:50
Heading back, saw a flock of at least 10
finches fly overhead making chirps.
Pg.110
BreAnna Grantham
14:54
Saw squirrel on paved trail overhead.
Conclusion: It is getting colder this season,
sunny days are cooler and might have more
wildlife signs than when it was hot.