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FaaS or not to FaaS
Visible and invisible benefits of the Serverless
paradigm
by Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin, ip.labs GmbH, 7.9.2020
Contact
Vadym Kazulkin
ip.labs GmbH
v.kazulkin@iplabs.de
xing.com/profile/Vadym_Kazulkin
@VKazulkin
@ServerlessBonn (Meetup)
Christian Bannes
ip.labs GmbH
c.bannes@iplabs.de
xing.com/profile/Christian_Bannes
Ip.labs GmbH
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
The Value Proposition of
Serverless
But let’s talk about of Total Cost of Ownership of
the Serverless paradigm
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
No Infrastructure Maintenance
Is infrastructure maintenance and
operation your core competency ?
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Auto Scaling and
Fault Tolerance
Built in
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
Auto Scaling And Faul Tolerance
Built In
• Can you get capacity planning
and auto scaling right?
• Do you want to solve the hard problem
of fault tolerance by yourself?
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Auto Scaling and
Fault Tolerance
Built in
Do more with less
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
Do more with less
By heavily relying on the managed
Serverless services you
• Need fewer engineers to start
implementing your new product idea
• Can do more with the same amount of
people
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Auto Scaling and
Fault Tolerance
Built in
Do more with less
Lower technical
debt
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
Lower technical debt
• Whatever code you write today is always tomorrow’s technical
debt © Paul Johnston
• Less code means lower technical debt
• Time and effort required for maintaining the solution over its whole
lifecycle is by far much more than for developing it
Jeff Atwood „The Best Code is No Code At All” https://blog.codinghorror.com/the-best-code-is-no-code-at-all/
Paul Johnston “Cloud 2.0: Code is no longer King — Serverless has dethroned it”
https://medium.com/@PaulDJohnston/cloud-2-0-code-is-no-longer-king-serverless-has-dethroned-it-c6dc955db9d5
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Auto Scaling and
Fault Tolerance
Built in
Do more with less
Lower technical
debt
Focus on Business
Value and Innovation
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
Focus On Business Value and
Innovation
Every organization wants exactly this!
TCO Full Picture
No Infrastructure
Operation and
Maintenance
Auto Scaling and
Fault Tolerance
Built in
Do more with less
Lower technical
debt
Faster Time to
Market
Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
Focus on Business
Value and Innovation
Faster Time To Market
• Time To Market is the key differentiator in
today’s business!
• Ask yourself: what is core for your business
and what you can get as Commodity +(Utility)
as a Service?
FaaS...
…or not to FaaS ?
Image: https://stock.adobe.com
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Decision Checklist : understand your…
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand
Application
lifecycle
Christian Posta „Be as serverless as you can, but not more than that” https://blog.christianposta.com/serverless/its-not-about-microservices-vs-serverless/
Explore phase
• Quickly validate
hypotheses
• Rapidly experiment
• Run experiments as
cheaply as possible
Serverless is a perfect fit
Image: burst.shopify.com/photos/a-look-across-the-landscape-with-view-of-the-sea Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Exploit phase
• Built something that does
provide customer value
• Build it on scale
• Build a profitable product
around it
partly serverless and partly not
serverless architecture
Image: Robert Scoble via Flickr Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Application lifecycle
• How much of my stack should I own
to be able to deliver business value?
• Outsource SLA, regulatory
compliance, price, and roadmap to
my service provider?
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Existing
applications
• You can’t magically move
that all off to service
providers
• You can try to modernize
parts of them
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Strangler
Pattern
• Add a proxy (API
Gateway or Application
Loadbalancer), which
sits between the legacy
application and the user
• Add new services and
link it to the proxy
Marin Fowler „StrangerFigApplication” https://martinfowler.com/bliki/StranglerFigApplication.html Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
FinDev Concept
Activity-based costing on a
digital operation-by-operation
basis
• Figure out features which deliver
business value comparing to their
cost
Aleksander Simovic & Mark Schwarz „FinDev and Serverless Microeconomics: Part 1”
https://aws.amazon.com/de/blogs/enterprise-strategy/findev-and-serverless-microeconomics-part-1/
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand your
workloads
• Event-driven
• API-driven
• Batch Job
• Internal Tool
• ML/AI
• Big Data
Image: flickr.com/photos/everywhereatonce/294789504 Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Lambda Layers
& Lambda
Runtime API
Door opener for use
cases like:
• Big Data
• ML/AI
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
A Shared File
System for Your
Lambda
Functions
Door opener for use
case like:
• ML/AI
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand your workloads
• Do we need to access specialized
hardware ?
• GPU access required?
• Another RAM/CPU ratio?
• Do we need constantly high
performance?
• Response time below 100 ms
(e.g. bidding or gaming platforms)
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
Understand your workloads
• Do we need high throughput ?
• Lambda‘s network bandwidth is limited
(an order of magnitude lower than a
single modern SSD) shared between all
functions packed on the same VM
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
Understand your workloads
• Do functions need to communicate with
each other?
• functions are not directly network
accessible, they must communicate via
an intermediary service
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand FaaS programming model
• Every function may fail and have to
be retried
• At-least-once (event) delivery
Joe Hellerstein “The State of The serverless Art” https://medium.com/riselab/the-state-of-the-serverless-art-78a4f02951eb
Requires code idempotency
• Difficult to be guaranteed
• Shifts the complexity to
the developers
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand platform
limitations
• Cold start
• Lambda with and without VPC for
each runtime
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Provisioned
Concurrency for
Lambda Functions
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Further cold starts reduction options
• For Java language with low startup time
and high memory footprint
• Use Ahead-Of-Time-Compiler (AOT) (part of
GraalVM)
• Use frameworks like Micronaut, Quarkus or Spring
Boot which offer support for GraalVM
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
Lambda in VPC:
• The network interface creation happens
when Lambda function is created or its
VPC settings are updated.
• Because the network interfaces are shared
across execution environments, only a
handful of network interfaces are required
per function
• Reduced the cold start from approx. 10
seconds to below 1 second
Chris Munns: "Announcing improved VPC networking for AWS Lambda functions”
https://aws.amazon.com/de/blogs/compute/announcing-improved-vpc-networking-for-aws-lambda-functions/
Amazon Aurora
Serverless Data
API
as beta for
MySql and
Postgres
available
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/de_de/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/data-api.html Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Don‘t be scared
of cold starts
To avoid cold starts them
completely, you have to :
• Overpay
• Overprovision
Cold starts don’t really
matter if the you make
the call asynchronously
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand platform
limitations
• Cold start
• Lambda with and without VPC for
each runtime
• Invocation duration/timeouts
• Lambda 15min
• API Gateway integration 29sec
• Max Memory
• Lambda 3GB
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand platform
limitations
• Max concurrent invocations
• Soft limit of 500-3000 parallel
executions for all Lambdas in each
AWS account
• Max connection limit for RDS
• Use RDS-Proxy (supports RDS for
MySQL and Aurora with MySQL
compatibility)
• Use Data API for Aurora Serverless
• Use NoSQL database
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
The reality is…
Lambda is often just a
small percentage
of your total cost
Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
$ 3.50
Per million API calls
API Gateway
Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
HTTP APIs in Beta
70% cheaper as API Gateway
• Fewer configuration options
• Well-suited for most use-cases
DynamoDB On-Demand
Image: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-dynamodb-on-demand-no-capacity-planning-and-pay-per-request-pricing/ Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
Provisioned vs
On-Demand
• Use On-Demand for
spiky workloads
• Use Provisioned for
constantly high
workload
Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
Understand your cost at scale
• Lambda
• API Gateway
• Dynamo DB capacity choices
• Logging costs
• Monitoring costs
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand your cost at scale
• Data transfer costs
• X-Ray
• Step functions
• Caching costs (API Gateway, DAX for
Dynamo DB)
• Remote API calls
• 3rd party services price models
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Understand organizational
environment (structure,
reponsibilities, knowledge,
culture)
• Do you already have
DevOps knowledge?
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Tom McLaughlin Talk:
What do we do when
the server goes away?
• Monitoring & Alerting
• Chaos Engineering & Game Days
• Infrastructure as Code & Testing
• Help understand constraints
of AWS services & choose the right
one
Tom McLaughlin „What do we do when the server goes away”
https://speakerdeck.com/tmclaugh/serverless-devops-what-do-we-do-when-the-server-goes-away
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Help understand constraints of AWS services &
choose the right one. Example Event Sources:
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Event Sources
• SQS and SNS are
charged for requests
• Kinesis charges for
shard hours & PUT
requests
Image: https://blog.binaris.com/lambda-pricing-pitfalls/ Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Event Sources
• Cost for Kinesis grows
with slower rate
• Attractive at to
operate at scale
Image: https://blog.binaris.com/lambda-pricing-pitfalls/ Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Simon Wardley https://www.slideshare.net/swardley/why-the-fuss-about-serverless-88107645
Wardley Map
Co-evolution of practices with
Serverless 1/2
• True DevOps (even DevSecOps)
• FinDev responsibilities in the teams
• Complete infrastructure automation
• Chaos Engineering
Sheen Brisals “Why the ‘WHY’ matters more than the ‘WHAT’ in Serverless!”
https://medium.com/lego-engineering/why-the-why-matters-more-than-the-what-in-serverless-2ef56c397962
DevOps Topologies: https://web.devopstopologies.com/
Co-evolution of practices with
Serverless 2/2
• Each developer can get its own (AWS test)
account
• No local testing environment or only for
quick functional tests
• Testing in production
• Tied integrations with 3rd party SaaS
Michael Bryzek “What do you know about testing in production?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-ATZTUgaAo
1. Application lifecycle
2. Workloads
3. Programming Model
4. Platform limitations
5. Cost at scale
6. Organizational environment
7. Platform and tooling maturity
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Serverless platform and tooling maturity
• Infrastructure-as-a-Code
solutions maturity (e.g. Cloud
Formation, CDK, Terraform)
• Development environment &
framework maturity (e.g. AWS
SAM, AWS Amplify,
Serverless Framework)
Image: http://tea.solgenomics.net/anatomy_viewer/microscopy/slm82_fruit Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Serverless platform and tooling maturity
• CI/CD
• Observability (Logging,
Monitoring, Tracing)
• Alerting
• Security
• Integration with 3rd party SaaS
Image: http://tea.solgenomics.net/anatomy_viewer/microscopy/slm82_fruit Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Future of Serverless
Simon Wardley https://twitter.com/swardley/status/1017074876887322627 Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Berkeley View on
Serverless Computing
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
Berkeley View on
Serverless Computing
• Provide low latency and high IOPS
Serverless Ephemeral Storage
• Provide Serverless Durable Storage (solved
with EFSs attached to Lambda)
• Improve Networking and Performance
• Improve Security
• Accommodate cost-performance
“A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
Further Improvement Areas for
Serverless Ecosystem 1/2
• EFS improvements
• Enable calling Lambda upon EFS Events (file created or updated)
• Integrate with AWS compliance service like AWS Config like S3
• CloudWatch improvements
• Observability (no match to Lumigo or Epsagon)
• Alarms (no match to PagerDuty, Lumigo or Epsagon)
• Make AWS ElasticSearch more Serverless
• free from managing the instance family, size and number of
instances
• free from managing the storage (EBS) size behind
Further Improvement Areas for
Serverless Ecosystem 2/2
• Decrease the latencies and payload size for Data API
for Aurora Serverless
• CodeCommit improvements
• not nearly comparable to GitHub and BitBucket
• X-Ray support for all Serverless services
• EventBridge
• Application lifecycle
• Workloads
• Programming Model
• Platform limitations
• Cost at scale
• Organizational environment
• Platform and tooling maturity
FaaS or not to FaaS
Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
Contact
Vadym Kazulkin
ip.labs GmbH
v.kazulkin@iplabs.de
xing.com/profile/Vadym_Kazulkin
@VKazulkin
@ServerlessBonn (Meetup)
Christian Bannes
ip.labs GmbH
c.bannes@iplabs.de
xing.com/profile/Christian_Bannes
Thank You!

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FaaS or not to FaaS. Visible and invisible benefits of the Serverless paradigma by Kazulkin JAX 2020

  • 1. FaaS or not to FaaS Visible and invisible benefits of the Serverless paradigm by Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin, ip.labs GmbH, 7.9.2020
  • 2. Contact Vadym Kazulkin ip.labs GmbH v.kazulkin@iplabs.de xing.com/profile/Vadym_Kazulkin @VKazulkin @ServerlessBonn (Meetup) Christian Bannes ip.labs GmbH c.bannes@iplabs.de xing.com/profile/Christian_Bannes
  • 3. Ip.labs GmbH Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 4. The Value Proposition of Serverless But let’s talk about of Total Cost of Ownership of the Serverless paradigm
  • 5. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
  • 6. No Infrastructure Maintenance Is infrastructure maintenance and operation your core competency ?
  • 7. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Auto Scaling and Fault Tolerance Built in Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
  • 8. Auto Scaling And Faul Tolerance Built In • Can you get capacity planning and auto scaling right? • Do you want to solve the hard problem of fault tolerance by yourself?
  • 9. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Auto Scaling and Fault Tolerance Built in Do more with less Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
  • 10. Do more with less By heavily relying on the managed Serverless services you • Need fewer engineers to start implementing your new product idea • Can do more with the same amount of people
  • 11. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Auto Scaling and Fault Tolerance Built in Do more with less Lower technical debt Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
  • 12. Lower technical debt • Whatever code you write today is always tomorrow’s technical debt © Paul Johnston • Less code means lower technical debt • Time and effort required for maintaining the solution over its whole lifecycle is by far much more than for developing it Jeff Atwood „The Best Code is No Code At All” https://blog.codinghorror.com/the-best-code-is-no-code-at-all/ Paul Johnston “Cloud 2.0: Code is no longer King — Serverless has dethroned it” https://medium.com/@PaulDJohnston/cloud-2-0-code-is-no-longer-king-serverless-has-dethroned-it-c6dc955db9d5
  • 13. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Auto Scaling and Fault Tolerance Built in Do more with less Lower technical debt Focus on Business Value and Innovation Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless
  • 14. Focus On Business Value and Innovation Every organization wants exactly this!
  • 15. TCO Full Picture No Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance Auto Scaling and Fault Tolerance Built in Do more with less Lower technical debt Faster Time to Market Forrest Brazeal „The Business Case For Serverless” https://www.trek10.com/blog/business-case-for-serverless Focus on Business Value and Innovation
  • 16. Faster Time To Market • Time To Market is the key differentiator in today’s business! • Ask yourself: what is core for your business and what you can get as Commodity +(Utility) as a Service?
  • 19. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Decision Checklist : understand your… Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 20. Understand Application lifecycle Christian Posta „Be as serverless as you can, but not more than that” https://blog.christianposta.com/serverless/its-not-about-microservices-vs-serverless/
  • 21. Explore phase • Quickly validate hypotheses • Rapidly experiment • Run experiments as cheaply as possible Serverless is a perfect fit Image: burst.shopify.com/photos/a-look-across-the-landscape-with-view-of-the-sea Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 22. Exploit phase • Built something that does provide customer value • Build it on scale • Build a profitable product around it partly serverless and partly not serverless architecture Image: Robert Scoble via Flickr Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 23. Application lifecycle • How much of my stack should I own to be able to deliver business value? • Outsource SLA, regulatory compliance, price, and roadmap to my service provider? Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 24. Existing applications • You can’t magically move that all off to service providers • You can try to modernize parts of them Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 25. Strangler Pattern • Add a proxy (API Gateway or Application Loadbalancer), which sits between the legacy application and the user • Add new services and link it to the proxy Marin Fowler „StrangerFigApplication” https://martinfowler.com/bliki/StranglerFigApplication.html Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 26. FinDev Concept Activity-based costing on a digital operation-by-operation basis • Figure out features which deliver business value comparing to their cost Aleksander Simovic & Mark Schwarz „FinDev and Serverless Microeconomics: Part 1” https://aws.amazon.com/de/blogs/enterprise-strategy/findev-and-serverless-microeconomics-part-1/ Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 27. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 28. Understand your workloads • Event-driven • API-driven • Batch Job • Internal Tool • ML/AI • Big Data Image: flickr.com/photos/everywhereatonce/294789504 Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 29. Lambda Layers & Lambda Runtime API Door opener for use cases like: • Big Data • ML/AI Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 30. A Shared File System for Your Lambda Functions Door opener for use case like: • ML/AI Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 31. Understand your workloads • Do we need to access specialized hardware ? • GPU access required? • Another RAM/CPU ratio? • Do we need constantly high performance? • Response time below 100 ms (e.g. bidding or gaming platforms) “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 32. Understand your workloads • Do we need high throughput ? • Lambda‘s network bandwidth is limited (an order of magnitude lower than a single modern SSD) shared between all functions packed on the same VM “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 33. Understand your workloads • Do functions need to communicate with each other? • functions are not directly network accessible, they must communicate via an intermediary service “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 34. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 35. Understand FaaS programming model • Every function may fail and have to be retried • At-least-once (event) delivery Joe Hellerstein “The State of The serverless Art” https://medium.com/riselab/the-state-of-the-serverless-art-78a4f02951eb Requires code idempotency • Difficult to be guaranteed • Shifts the complexity to the developers
  • 36. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 37. Understand platform limitations • Cold start • Lambda with and without VPC for each runtime Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 38. Provisioned Concurrency for Lambda Functions Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 39. Further cold starts reduction options • For Java language with low startup time and high memory footprint • Use Ahead-Of-Time-Compiler (AOT) (part of GraalVM) • Use frameworks like Micronaut, Quarkus or Spring Boot which offer support for GraalVM “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 40. Lambda in VPC: • The network interface creation happens when Lambda function is created or its VPC settings are updated. • Because the network interfaces are shared across execution environments, only a handful of network interfaces are required per function • Reduced the cold start from approx. 10 seconds to below 1 second Chris Munns: "Announcing improved VPC networking for AWS Lambda functions” https://aws.amazon.com/de/blogs/compute/announcing-improved-vpc-networking-for-aws-lambda-functions/
  • 41. Amazon Aurora Serverless Data API as beta for MySql and Postgres available https://docs.aws.amazon.com/de_de/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/data-api.html Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 42. Don‘t be scared of cold starts To avoid cold starts them completely, you have to : • Overpay • Overprovision Cold starts don’t really matter if the you make the call asynchronously Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 43. Understand platform limitations • Cold start • Lambda with and without VPC for each runtime • Invocation duration/timeouts • Lambda 15min • API Gateway integration 29sec • Max Memory • Lambda 3GB Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 44. Understand platform limitations • Max concurrent invocations • Soft limit of 500-3000 parallel executions for all Lambdas in each AWS account • Max connection limit for RDS • Use RDS-Proxy (supports RDS for MySQL and Aurora with MySQL compatibility) • Use Data API for Aurora Serverless • Use NoSQL database Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 45. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 46. The reality is… Lambda is often just a small percentage of your total cost Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
  • 47. $ 3.50 Per million API calls API Gateway Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
  • 48. HTTP APIs in Beta 70% cheaper as API Gateway • Fewer configuration options • Well-suited for most use-cases
  • 50. Provisioned vs On-Demand • Use On-Demand for spiky workloads • Use Provisioned for constantly high workload Vadym Kazulkin, @VKazulkin
  • 51. Understand your cost at scale • Lambda • API Gateway • Dynamo DB capacity choices • Logging costs • Monitoring costs Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 52. Understand your cost at scale • Data transfer costs • X-Ray • Step functions • Caching costs (API Gateway, DAX for Dynamo DB) • Remote API calls • 3rd party services price models Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 53. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 54. Understand organizational environment (structure, reponsibilities, knowledge, culture) • Do you already have DevOps knowledge? Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 55. Tom McLaughlin Talk: What do we do when the server goes away? • Monitoring & Alerting • Chaos Engineering & Game Days • Infrastructure as Code & Testing • Help understand constraints of AWS services & choose the right one Tom McLaughlin „What do we do when the server goes away” https://speakerdeck.com/tmclaugh/serverless-devops-what-do-we-do-when-the-server-goes-away Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 56. Help understand constraints of AWS services & choose the right one. Example Event Sources: Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 57. Event Sources • SQS and SNS are charged for requests • Kinesis charges for shard hours & PUT requests Image: https://blog.binaris.com/lambda-pricing-pitfalls/ Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 58. Event Sources • Cost for Kinesis grows with slower rate • Attractive at to operate at scale Image: https://blog.binaris.com/lambda-pricing-pitfalls/ Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 60. Co-evolution of practices with Serverless 1/2 • True DevOps (even DevSecOps) • FinDev responsibilities in the teams • Complete infrastructure automation • Chaos Engineering Sheen Brisals “Why the ‘WHY’ matters more than the ‘WHAT’ in Serverless!” https://medium.com/lego-engineering/why-the-why-matters-more-than-the-what-in-serverless-2ef56c397962 DevOps Topologies: https://web.devopstopologies.com/
  • 61. Co-evolution of practices with Serverless 2/2 • Each developer can get its own (AWS test) account • No local testing environment or only for quick functional tests • Testing in production • Tied integrations with 3rd party SaaS Michael Bryzek “What do you know about testing in production?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-ATZTUgaAo
  • 62. 1. Application lifecycle 2. Workloads 3. Programming Model 4. Platform limitations 5. Cost at scale 6. Organizational environment 7. Platform and tooling maturity Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 63. Serverless platform and tooling maturity • Infrastructure-as-a-Code solutions maturity (e.g. Cloud Formation, CDK, Terraform) • Development environment & framework maturity (e.g. AWS SAM, AWS Amplify, Serverless Framework) Image: http://tea.solgenomics.net/anatomy_viewer/microscopy/slm82_fruit Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 64. Serverless platform and tooling maturity • CI/CD • Observability (Logging, Monitoring, Tracing) • Alerting • Security • Integration with 3rd party SaaS Image: http://tea.solgenomics.net/anatomy_viewer/microscopy/slm82_fruit Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 66. Simon Wardley https://twitter.com/swardley/status/1017074876887322627 Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 67. Berkeley View on Serverless Computing “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 68. Berkeley View on Serverless Computing • Provide low latency and high IOPS Serverless Ephemeral Storage • Provide Serverless Durable Storage (solved with EFSs attached to Lambda) • Improve Networking and Performance • Improve Security • Accommodate cost-performance “A Berkeley View on Serverless Computing” https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2019/EECS-2019-3.html
  • 69. Further Improvement Areas for Serverless Ecosystem 1/2 • EFS improvements • Enable calling Lambda upon EFS Events (file created or updated) • Integrate with AWS compliance service like AWS Config like S3 • CloudWatch improvements • Observability (no match to Lumigo or Epsagon) • Alarms (no match to PagerDuty, Lumigo or Epsagon) • Make AWS ElasticSearch more Serverless • free from managing the instance family, size and number of instances • free from managing the storage (EBS) size behind
  • 70. Further Improvement Areas for Serverless Ecosystem 2/2 • Decrease the latencies and payload size for Data API for Aurora Serverless • CodeCommit improvements • not nearly comparable to GitHub and BitBucket • X-Ray support for all Serverless services • EventBridge
  • 71. • Application lifecycle • Workloads • Programming Model • Platform limitations • Cost at scale • Organizational environment • Platform and tooling maturity FaaS or not to FaaS Christian Bannes and Vadym Kazulkin @VKazulkin , ip.labs GmbH
  • 72. Contact Vadym Kazulkin ip.labs GmbH v.kazulkin@iplabs.de xing.com/profile/Vadym_Kazulkin @VKazulkin @ServerlessBonn (Meetup) Christian Bannes ip.labs GmbH c.bannes@iplabs.de xing.com/profile/Christian_Bannes
  • 73.