1. Figure 5. Standing broad jump distance across maturation
• Males greater than females (p<0.001).
• POST greater than PUBERTAL and PRE (p<0.001).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLE STRENGTH AND STANDING BROAD
JUMP PERFORMANCE ACROSS STAGES OF MATURATION
• Foot muscle strength may influence physical performance,
however, previous research has been limited to age-based
comparisons (Goldmann, 2012).
• Considering that strength varies with gender and physical
maturation, age-based comparisons may not accurately reflect
the relationship between foot muscle strength and performance
(Malina, 2015).
• Accounting for these differences is necessary to accurately
examine relationships in youth athletes.
METHODS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
RESULTSINTRODUCTION
To examine the difference in intrinsic foot muscle strength (IFS)
and standing broad jump (SBJ), and their relationship, across
maturation in youth athletes.
Kaitlyn E. Wright1, Emma F. Zuk2, Kevin R. Ford3, Jeffrey B. Taylor3, Anh-Dung Nguyen2
1Department of Chemistry; 2Department of Athletic Training; 3Department of Department of Physical Therapy
High Point University, High Point, NC
OBJECTIVE
• IFS and SBJ distance differ in youth soccer players between
gender and across maturation.
• In contrast to previous literature, our findings do not support a
relationship between IFS and SBJ.
• Future research examining the influence of IFS on performance
should account for stage of maturation and gender.
• IFS of both feet measured with pressure distribution platform during three standing trials of maximum
isometric flexion of the hallux. (Figure 2)
• SBJ distance measured during two maximal trials. Max SBJ distance and average max force under right
and left hallux analyzed. (Figure 3)
• Multivariate ANOVA and Pearson correlations examined IFS and SBJ differences and relationships,
based on gender and maturational stage, respectively.
A
C
A
Goldmann JP, et al. The potential of the toe flexor muscles to enhance performance. J
Sports Sci. 2013; 4: 424-433.
Malina RM, et al. Biological maturation of youth athletes: assessment and implications.
Br J Sports Med. 2015; 49: 852-859.
www.highpoint.edu/healthsciences
A
B
C
Figure 2. Measurement of Toe Flexor Strength. A. Subject stood in a
natural bilateral stance on the pressure platform with feet shoulder-width
apart, hands on hips while facing straight ahead. B. Toe region was identified
during three consecutive maximum effort trials. C. Peak force was identified
for each trial and averaged.
Figure 1. Pubertal Maturational Observational Scale
METHODS
PARTICIPANTS
• One hundred and fifty six youth soccer athletes (79M, 77F:
11.1.±1.8 yrs, 145.4±16.1 cm, 39.3±10.9 kg) volunteered to
participate.
ASSESSMENT OF PUBERTAL MATURATION
• The validated modified Pubertal Maturational Observational
Scale (PMOS) was used to determine stage of maturation.
(Figure 1)
RESULTS
Males
Females
Figure 4. Intrinsic foot strength across maturation
• PRE greater than PUBERTAL; both greater than POST. (p<0.001)
• No differences between gender (p=0.624).
Males
Females
Figure 6. Correlation between IFS and SBJ in Males.
Figure 3. Standing Broad Jump
Figure 7. Correlation between IFS and SBJ in Females.