La salud es un estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedades.

1. Los factores
psicosociales y la
participacion de los
trabajadores:
Mecanismos de
mejoramiento continuo de
la salud y seguridad laboral
Dr. Maria Brunette, Associate Professor
College of Health Sciences
University of Massachusetts Lowell
La Promocion de una Cultura de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo
3 de Agosto del 2013

2. Preguntas preliminares…
• Como el trabajo impacta la calidad de vida de
trabajadores?
• Como podrian ingenieros y profesionales de
salud publica trabajar proactivamente para
mejorar las condiciones de trabajo?

3. Conceptos globales…
• Concepto de Salud (OMS)
• Contexto Socio-Economico de las
Enfermedades
• Ergonomia y Salud Ocupacional: Enfoque
Multinivel

4. Concepto de Salud (OMS)
«La salud es un estado de completo
bienestar físico, mental y social, y no
solamente la ausencia de afecciones o
enfermedades.»
Preámbulo de la Constitución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 1946)

5. JOB SKILLS
LITERACY /
EDUCATION
INCOME
Contexto Socio-Economico de las Enfermedades
Health

6. Ergonomia,
Salud y
Seguridad
Ocupacional:
Enfoque
Multinivel
Brunette e Ibarra (2011)
Cultural
Factors
WORK SYSTEM
Worker
Tools &
technologies
Organization
Environment
Tasks
Local communities
Social,
Economic
and
Political
Context
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT

7. Psychosocial Work Factors
“interactions between and among work
environment, job content, organizational
conditions and workers’capacities, needs,
culture, personal extra-job considerations
that may, through perceptions and
experience, influence health, work
performance and job satisfaction”
OIT (1986)

8. 8
The community
Work
The social
environment
The
family
The
person
Factors Influencing Psychosocial Issues
Source:InternationalLaborOrganization(2002)

9. 9
Psychosocial Factors
Work Organization:
How work is organized, supervised, and
carried out
Subjective Perceptions of the
Work Organization

10. The Psychosocial Work Environment

11. Psychosocial
Hazards

12. Causal Path for Work-related MSDs

13. 13
Psychosocial work factors
Job demands:
 Quantitative workload
 Variance in workload
 Work pressure
 Cognitive demands
 Emotional demands

14. Psychosocial work factors
Job content:
 Repetitiveness
 Utilization and development
of skills
 Challenge

15. 15
Psychosocial work factors
Job control:
 Task/instrumental control
 Decision/organizational control
 Control over physical environment
 Resource control
 Control over work pace: machine-pacing

16. 16
Psychosocial work factors
Social interactions:
 Social support from supervisor and colleagues
 Supervisor complaints, praise, monitoring
 Dealing with (difficult) clients/customers
Role factors
 Role ambiguity
 Role conflict
Job future and career issues:
 Job future ambiguity
 Fear of job loss

17. 17
Psychosocial work factors
Technology issues:
 Computer-related problems
 Electronic performance monitoring
Organizational and management factors:
 Participation
 Management style

18. 18
For the worker:
 higher risk of accident
 increased family or social problems
 stigmatization and discrimination
 deteriorating health
 physical or psychological illness
 pain, distress, disability and death
Consequences

19. 19
Consequences
For the enterprise or organization:
 poor morale
 increased absenteeism, turnover
 reduced productivity
 reduced profits or services
 higher costs
 reduced competitiveness

20. Key Resource
• “Health Impact of Psychosocial Hazards at
Work: An Overview”
• Source: World Health Organization (2010)
http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/hazardpsychosocial/en/index.html#

21. Como podemos
operacionalizar este
mensaje?

22. FocusGroupsenXYZ,Mayo-Junio2012
Preguntémosle a la gente!

23. Quality of Working Life among Industrial Workers in Peru
Research Model
GLOBAL QWL
Health Status
Musculoskeletal symptoms
Psychological
distress
Worker satisfaction
Control Variables
age, educational status, gender
GLOBAL EXPOSURE
SAFETY AND HEALTH
ERGONOMICS
JOB DEMANDS
JOB CONTROL
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
SUPERVISOR-RELATED
DISCRIMINATION-RELATED

24. 24

25. 25

26. Participación de los Trabajadores• Participatory Design/Diseño
participativo
• Worker
Empowerment/Empoderamiento del
trabajador
• Popular-Adult Education Methods/
Metodos de Educacion
Popular&Adulta

27. Diseño Participativo…
Participación de los Trabajadores

28. Diseño Participativo…
Participación de los Trabajadores

29. Empoderamiento del
Trabajador…
Participación de los
Trabajadores

30. Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores

31. Cheo
Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores

32. Metodos de Educacion Popular Adulta…
Participación de los Trabajadores