The document outlines a hybrid genetic algorithm approach for polyphonic music transcription. It introduces the concept of gene fragment competition as a tradeoff between classical genetic algorithms and traditional memetic algorithms. This allows for quasi-global and quasi-local search through gene fragment evaluation and selection. The paper proposes applying this approach to polyphonic music transcription and presents results demonstrating the feasibility of the method.
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The Effect of Presence and Type of Encoding Cue on Memory-Erica StarrErica Starr
Hofstra University Cognitive Psychology research seminar (Psy 190) - Erica Starr - Dec. '12 Final PowerPoint Presentation based on a research paper written for the course
This document describes experiments using a variational autoencoder (VAE) to perform spectral voice conversion and style conversion. The VAE was able to produce high quality speech in a vocoding task and achieved good speaker accuracy in a voice conversion experiment. A style conversion from habitual to clear speech using the VAE feature representation and a DNN with skip connections significantly improved speech intelligibility for one speaker from 24% to 46%.
The letter is a collection letter sent to a customer, Mrs. Carla Estrada, regarding an unpaid balance of PHP 12,587 on her account. It acknowledges that unpaid balances can slip one's mind, and informs Mrs. Estrada that the company's records show no error. It requests that she pays the balance promptly or informs them if she believes an error was made. The tone is polite yet emphasizes the seriousness of the unpaid amount from the company's perspective.
eZ430 watch is based on CC430, MSP430 MCU, Re programmable watch for custom wireless applications.
Integrated sensors : temperature , pressure, Battery Voltage, 3-axis accelerometer
This document provides a design workflow for a step-down DC-DC converter using the NJM2309 PWM controller IC. The workflow includes: [1] setting the controller parameters; [2] selecting resistor values for the output voltage; [3] choosing the inductor and capacitor values; [4] adding compensation to stabilize the converter; and [5] simulating the load transient response. Appendices provide additional details on compensation calculation and feedback loop types.
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This document describes an equivalent circuit model for device startup modeling in PSpice. The circuit includes resistors R1-R5, capacitors C1, sources V1 and V2, and diode D1. Source V2 generates a 20V pulse with a 200us rise time when the input voltage is below 4V and the AC voltage exceeds 17.5mV. The model can be used to simulate device startup behavior.
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This document contains a device modeling report for a general purpose rectifier diode with part number FML-G14S from manufacturer Sanken. It includes the SPICE model parameters for the diode, evaluation circuits to simulate forward current, junction capacitance, and reverse recovery characteristics, and comparison graphs between the simulation results and measurement data.
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The document discusses an over voltage protection (OVP) circuit that monitors the output voltage terminal and stops oscillation when the OVP voltage is reached. It provides an equivalent circuit diagram of the OVP with components like resistors, capacitors, and voltage sources. The diagram shows the input and output nodes and includes a simulation of the input and output waveforms with the OVP stopping oscillation when the voltage reaches 25V.
The document summarizes the Piccolo microcontroller series from Texas Instruments. The Piccolo series provides real-time control capabilities in a small, low-cost MCU package starting under $2. Key features include a 60 MHz C28x CPU, control law accelerator, 12-bit ADC, high resolution PWM outputs, and various serial interfaces. The document outlines the Piccolo architecture and peripheral blocks.
This document introduces a course that teaches embedded controls and electronics using the inexpensive TI MSP430 Launchpad board. The course aims to cover basic concepts through practical projects, from C programming to electric circuits to embedded applications. It will use the Launchpad, CCS IDE, Python, and open documentation formats. Example projects demonstrated include a UART serial communication, RGB LED tile using PWM and ADC, and variable light effects using timers. The goal is to instill theoretical knowledge through immediately visible experiments.
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This document provides a model evaluation report for a Texas Instruments TL431 voltage regulator component. It includes the model parameters, SPICE simulation results comparing measured and simulated component characteristics, and evaluation circuits used for testing. Simulation results match measurements well with less than 10% error for most output and reference characteristics.
This document outlines a business plan for a tuition field company called Guidance Teachers. The company aims to provide qualified teachers through its large teacher bank for individual and group classes from grades 6 to A-Levels. It plans to have 5 main branches across districts and target middle to high-income families. The initial capital investment needed is LKR 150 million which will go towards building branches, laboratories, salaries, and advertising. The company expects to earn a 20% commission on each student as its main income source along with laboratory charges. It provides financial projections estimating the capital required, expected income streams, and anticipated profits.
This document describes an equivalent circuit model for device startup modeling in PSpice. The circuit includes resistors R1-R5, capacitors C1, sources V1 and V2, and diode D1. Source V2 generates a 20V pulse with a 200us rise time when the input voltage is below 4V and the AC voltage exceeds 17.5mV. The model can be used to simulate device startup behavior.
Kleiner Perkins iFund Presentation at iPhoneDevCamp 3Raven Zachary
The document discusses the power and future opportunities of the AppStore. It summarizes key trends like the growth of mobile phone users surpassing PC internet users. It shows charts depicting the massive success and growth of the iPhone and AppStore, vastly outpacing similar products. The AppStore saw over 1.5 billion downloads in its first year. The document also discusses an iFund that has reviewed over 4,000 proposals and funded 7 companies. It identifies emerging areas like mobile commerce, augmented reality, and healthcare as promising future opportunities for the AppStore platform.
This document contains a device modeling report for a general purpose rectifier diode with part number FML-G14S from manufacturer Sanken. It includes the SPICE model parameters for the diode, evaluation circuits to simulate forward current, junction capacitance, and reverse recovery characteristics, and comparison graphs between the simulation results and measurement data.
Altium Designer is known for it's strength as a PCB design tool, first on Windows, and first with true 3D editing and collision detection. This presentation from 2011 highlights the main method now used for working with mechanical design tools and PCB design in Altium Designer.
The document summarizes TI's portfolio of microcontroller units (MCUs) including the MSP430, C2000, Stellaris, and OMAP-L1x families. It highlights their key features such as power consumption, memory size, processing speed, and integrated peripherals. The document also discusses TI's development tools, software support, and complete solutions for applications in industries like industrial, medical, consumer, and more.
The document discusses an over voltage protection (OVP) circuit that monitors the output voltage terminal and stops oscillation when the OVP voltage is reached. It provides an equivalent circuit diagram of the OVP with components like resistors, capacitors, and voltage sources. The diagram shows the input and output nodes and includes a simulation of the input and output waveforms with the OVP stopping oscillation when the voltage reaches 25V.
The document summarizes the Piccolo microcontroller series from Texas Instruments. The Piccolo series provides real-time control capabilities in a small, low-cost MCU package starting under $2. Key features include a 60 MHz C28x CPU, control law accelerator, 12-bit ADC, high resolution PWM outputs, and various serial interfaces. The document outlines the Piccolo architecture and peripheral blocks.
This document introduces a course that teaches embedded controls and electronics using the inexpensive TI MSP430 Launchpad board. The course aims to cover basic concepts through practical projects, from C programming to electric circuits to embedded applications. It will use the Launchpad, CCS IDE, Python, and open documentation formats. Example projects demonstrated include a UART serial communication, RGB LED tile using PWM and ADC, and variable light effects using timers. The goal is to instill theoretical knowledge through immediately visible experiments.
The document summarizes information about the RealRyder indoor cycling bike. It was voted the best commercial indoor cycle from 2008-2011. RealRyder is designed to provide a more engaging and dynamic indoor cycling experience that mimics outdoor riding more than traditional stationary bikes. The company's CEO Colin Irvin designed RealRyder with the goal of creating a high quality indoor bike that captures the essence of outdoor cycling.
1. Outline
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm based on Gene Fragment
Competition for Polyphonic Music Transcription
Gustavo Reis1 Nuno Fonseca1 Francisco Fernandez2
Anibal Ferreira3
1 Schoolof Technology and Management
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal
2 University of Extremadura,Spain
3 University of Porto, Portugal
EvoIASP, Evo* 27th March 2008, Naples, Italy
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
2. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
3. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
4. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
5. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
6. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
7. Outline
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
8. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
9. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Gene Fragment Competition
Present the Gene Fragment Competition concept that can be
used with Hybrid Genetic Algorithms specially in signal and
image processing
The need for a new semi-local non-exhaustive method
Memetic Algorithms have shown great success in real-life
problems by adding local search operators to improve the
quality of the already achieved “good” solutions during the
evolutionary process.
Traditional local search operators don’t perform well in highly
demanding evaluation processes.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
10. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Gene Fragment Competition
Present the Gene Fragment Competition concept that can be
used with Hybrid Genetic Algorithms specially in signal and
image processing
The need for a new semi-local non-exhaustive method
Memetic Algorithms have shown great success in real-life
problems by adding local search operators to improve the
quality of the already achieved “good” solutions during the
evolutionary process.
Traditional local search operators don’t perform well in highly
demanding evaluation processes.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
11. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Gene Fragment Competition
Present the Gene Fragment Competition concept that can be
used with Hybrid Genetic Algorithms specially in signal and
image processing
The need for a new semi-local non-exhaustive method
Memetic Algorithms have shown great success in real-life
problems by adding local search operators to improve the
quality of the already achieved “good” solutions during the
evolutionary process.
Traditional local search operators don’t perform well in highly
demanding evaluation processes.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
12. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Our proposed Approach
A tradeoff between classical Genetic Algorithms and
traditional Memetic Algorithms, performing a
quasi-global/quasi-local search by means of gene fragment
evaluation and selection.
The applicability of this hybrid Genetic Algorithm to the
signal processing problem of Polyphonic Music Transcription is
shown.
The results obtained show the feasibility of the approach.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
13. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Our proposed Approach
A tradeoff between classical Genetic Algorithms and
traditional Memetic Algorithms, performing a
quasi-global/quasi-local search by means of gene fragment
evaluation and selection.
The applicability of this hybrid Genetic Algorithm to the
signal processing problem of Polyphonic Music Transcription is
shown.
The results obtained show the feasibility of the approach.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
14. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Abstract
Our proposed Approach
A tradeoff between classical Genetic Algorithms and
traditional Memetic Algorithms, performing a
quasi-global/quasi-local search by means of gene fragment
evaluation and selection.
The applicability of this hybrid Genetic Algorithm to the
signal processing problem of Polyphonic Music Transcription is
shown.
The results obtained show the feasibility of the approach.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
15. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
16. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Exploration vs Exploitation
Although Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are very good at rapidly
identifying good areas of the search space (exploration), they
are often less good at refining near-optimal solutions
(exploitation).
Therefore hybrid GAs using local search can search more
efficiently by incorporating a more systematic search in the
vicinity of “good” solutions [Hart04].
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
17. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Exploration vs Exploitation
Although Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are very good at rapidly
identifying good areas of the search space (exploration), they
are often less good at refining near-optimal solutions
(exploitation).
Therefore hybrid GAs using local search can search more
efficiently by incorporating a more systematic search in the
vicinity of “good” solutions [Hart04].
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
18. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
One Max Problem
When a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to the “OneMax”
problem, near-optimal solutions are quickly found but
convergence to the optimal solution is slow.
A bit-flipping hill-climber could be quickly applied within each
generation for the OneMax to ensure fast convergence.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
19. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
One Max Problem
When a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to the “OneMax”
problem, near-optimal solutions are quickly found but
convergence to the optimal solution is slow.
A bit-flipping hill-climber could be quickly applied within each
generation for the OneMax to ensure fast convergence.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
20. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Memetic Algorithms
Memetic Algorithms (MAs) are a class of stochastic global
search heuristics in which Evolutionary Algorithms-based
approaches are combined with local search techniques to
improve the quality of the solutions created by
evolution[Hart04].
Memetic Algorithms go a further step by combining the
robustness of GAs on identifying good areas of the search
space with local search for refining near-optimal solutions.
Particularly, they not only converge to high quality solutions,
but also search more efficiently than their conventional
counterparts.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
21. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Memetic Algorithms
Memetic Algorithms (MAs) are a class of stochastic global
search heuristics in which Evolutionary Algorithms-based
approaches are combined with local search techniques to
improve the quality of the solutions created by
evolution[Hart04].
Memetic Algorithms go a further step by combining the
robustness of GAs on identifying good areas of the search
space with local search for refining near-optimal solutions.
Particularly, they not only converge to high quality solutions,
but also search more efficiently than their conventional
counterparts.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
22. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Memetic Algorithms
Memetic Algorithms (MAs) are a class of stochastic global
search heuristics in which Evolutionary Algorithms-based
approaches are combined with local search techniques to
improve the quality of the solutions created by
evolution[Hart04].
Memetic Algorithms go a further step by combining the
robustness of GAs on identifying good areas of the search
space with local search for refining near-optimal solutions.
Particularly, they not only converge to high quality solutions,
but also search more efficiently than their conventional
counterparts.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
23. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
A new problem with traditional local search operators arises due to
the cost of evaluation
If the calculation of the fitness function is heavy, having local
search operators changing each individual several times means
lots of individual evaluations thus lots of computational cost.
In problems that demand high computational cost in fitness
evaluation this might be a prohibitive solution.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
24. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
A new problem with traditional local search operators arises due to
the cost of evaluation
If the calculation of the fitness function is heavy, having local
search operators changing each individual several times means
lots of individual evaluations thus lots of computational cost.
In problems that demand high computational cost in fitness
evaluation this might be a prohibitive solution.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
25. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Gene Fragment Evaluation
Fitness evaluation allows us to measure the whole “quality” of
each individual, and in many cases, it is obtained by simply
combining the values of the evaluations of each gene or gene
fragment.
But when the evaluation of gene fragments is possible, these
fragment values are not taken on consideration during
recombination.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
26. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Gene Fragment Evaluation
Fitness evaluation allows us to measure the whole “quality” of
each individual, and in many cases, it is obtained by simply
combining the values of the evaluations of each gene or gene
fragment.
But when the evaluation of gene fragments is possible, these
fragment values are not taken on consideration during
recombination.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
27. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Gene Fragment Competition
A different approach to recombination, that takes advantage
of gene/fragment evaluation and gene/fragment selection as a
way to speed up the process, especially when evaluation of
individuals is a demanding computational task.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
28. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Gene Fragment Competition
The presented method arises from the work of the authors on
the field of Automatic Music Transcription using Genetic
Algorithms.
In this kind of approach the individuals evaluation demands
lots of digital signal processing based on a high number of
FFTs, which results on a heavy computational cost making
impracticable the use of traditional Memetic Algorithms, but
still needing a special operator to increase significantly the
performance.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
29. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Introduction
Gene Fragment Competition
The presented method arises from the work of the authors on
the field of Automatic Music Transcription using Genetic
Algorithms.
In this kind of approach the individuals evaluation demands
lots of digital signal processing based on a high number of
FFTs, which results on a heavy computational cost making
impracticable the use of traditional Memetic Algorithms, but
still needing a special operator to increase significantly the
performance.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
30. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach Gene Fragment Competition
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem Simple Example
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
31. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach Gene Fragment Competition
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem Simple Example
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Gene Fragment Competition
Classic GA (a) vs Traditional MA (b) vs Gene Fragment
Competition (c)
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
32. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach Gene Fragment Competition
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem Simple Example
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Find the Sequence Problem
Individuals Encoding
Fitness Function
genes
Fitness = |O(i) − X (i)| (1)
i=1
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
33. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach Gene Fragment Competition
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem Simple Example
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Find the Sequence Problem
Fitness Values of Individual1 and Individual2
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
34. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach Gene Fragment Competition
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem Simple Example
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Find the Sequence Problem
Breeding of a new born individual
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
35. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
36. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Automatic Music Transcription
Monophonic Music Transcription
Polyphonic Music Transcription
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
37. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Automatic Music Transcription
Music transcription is a very difficult problem, not only from
the computational point of view but also in a musical view
since it can only by addressed by the most skilled musicians.
Traditional approaches to Automatic Music Transcription try
to extract the information directly from audio source signal
(using frequency analysis, autocorrelation functions
[Klapuri00, Klapuri04], and other digital signal processing
techniques [Marolt04, Dixon00, Bello03, Walmsley99, Goto04,
Gomez03]).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
38. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Automatic Music Transcription
Music transcription is a very difficult problem, not only from
the computational point of view but also in a musical view
since it can only by addressed by the most skilled musicians.
Traditional approaches to Automatic Music Transcription try
to extract the information directly from audio source signal
(using frequency analysis, autocorrelation functions
[Klapuri00, Klapuri04], and other digital signal processing
techniques [Marolt04, Dixon00, Bello03, Walmsley99, Goto04,
Gomez03]).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
39. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Music Transcription as a Search Space Problem
Automatic Music Transcription can be considered as a search
space problem where the goal is to find the sequence of notes
that best models our audio signal[Lu06].
Instead of trying to deconstruct the audio signal, a search
space approach will try to find a solution which allows the
creation of a similar audio signal.
Usually search space approaches are not addressed in music
transcription problems due to the huge size of the search
space.
Nevertheless genetic algorithms[Holland75] have proven to be
an excellent tool to find solutions in extremely large search
spaces, since they only need to use a very small subset of the
entire search space.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
40. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Music Transcription as a Search Space Problem
Automatic Music Transcription can be considered as a search
space problem where the goal is to find the sequence of notes
that best models our audio signal[Lu06].
Instead of trying to deconstruct the audio signal, a search
space approach will try to find a solution which allows the
creation of a similar audio signal.
Usually search space approaches are not addressed in music
transcription problems due to the huge size of the search
space.
Nevertheless genetic algorithms[Holland75] have proven to be
an excellent tool to find solutions in extremely large search
spaces, since they only need to use a very small subset of the
entire search space.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
41. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Music Transcription as a Search Space Problem
Automatic Music Transcription can be considered as a search
space problem where the goal is to find the sequence of notes
that best models our audio signal[Lu06].
Instead of trying to deconstruct the audio signal, a search
space approach will try to find a solution which allows the
creation of a similar audio signal.
Usually search space approaches are not addressed in music
transcription problems due to the huge size of the search
space.
Nevertheless genetic algorithms[Holland75] have proven to be
an excellent tool to find solutions in extremely large search
spaces, since they only need to use a very small subset of the
entire search space.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
42. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Music Transcription as a Search Space Problem
Automatic Music Transcription can be considered as a search
space problem where the goal is to find the sequence of notes
that best models our audio signal[Lu06].
Instead of trying to deconstruct the audio signal, a search
space approach will try to find a solution which allows the
creation of a similar audio signal.
Usually search space approaches are not addressed in music
transcription problems due to the huge size of the search
space.
Nevertheless genetic algorithms[Holland75] have proven to be
an excellent tool to find solutions in extremely large search
spaces, since they only need to use a very small subset of the
entire search space.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
43. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
To apply genetic algorithm to the music transcription problem
there are some important considerations regarding: the
encoding of the individuals, the creation of the initial
population, recombination and mutation and also the fitness
function (as reviewed by Reis et al.[Reis07]).
Each individual (chromosome) will correspond to a candidate
solution, and is made of a sequence of note events (the
number of notes will most likely be different from individual to
individual, i.e.: the number of genes is not fixed). Each note,
acting as a gene, will have the information needed to
represent that note event (e.g. note, start time, duration, and
dynamics).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
44. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
To apply genetic algorithm to the music transcription problem
there are some important considerations regarding: the
encoding of the individuals, the creation of the initial
population, recombination and mutation and also the fitness
function (as reviewed by Reis et al.[Reis07]).
Each individual (chromosome) will correspond to a candidate
solution, and is made of a sequence of note events (the
number of notes will most likely be different from individual to
individual, i.e.: the number of genes is not fixed). Each note,
acting as a gene, will have the information needed to
represent that note event (e.g. note, start time, duration, and
dynamics).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
45. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Encoding of the individuals
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
46. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Starting Population Process
Mutation Operators
velocity (up to ± 16 in a scale of
note change (±1 128)
octave, ± half tone)
event split (split in two with a
start position (up to silent between)
± 0.5 second change)
event remove
duration (from 50%
to 150%) new event (random or event
duplication with different note)
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
47. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Two Additional Mutation Operators
Starting Population Process
There are 2 mutation operators (with lower probability) that are
applied equally to all events: velocity change (up to ± 4 in a scale
of 128) and duration (from 50% to 150%)
Fitness Evaluation
To evaluate an individual, a synthesizer is used to convert the
note sequence into an audio stream, which will be compared
with the original audio stream.
Each note has to pass through an internal synthesizer which
in our case is made of a simple sampler, using piano samples.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
48. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Two Additional Mutation Operators
Starting Population Process
There are 2 mutation operators (with lower probability) that are
applied equally to all events: velocity change (up to ± 4 in a scale
of 128) and duration (from 50% to 150%)
Fitness Evaluation
To evaluate an individual, a synthesizer is used to convert the
note sequence into an audio stream, which will be compared
with the original audio stream.
Each note has to pass through an internal synthesizer which
in our case is made of a simple sampler, using piano samples.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
49. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Two Additional Mutation Operators
Starting Population Process
There are 2 mutation operators (with lower probability) that are
applied equally to all events: velocity change (up to ± 4 in a scale
of 128) and duration (from 50% to 150%)
Fitness Evaluation
To evaluate an individual, a synthesizer is used to convert the
note sequence into an audio stream, which will be compared
with the original audio stream.
Each note has to pass through an internal synthesizer which
in our case is made of a simple sampler, using piano samples.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
50. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Fitness Evaluation
The original stream and the synthesized one are compared in the
frequency domain. The streams are segmented in time frames with
4096 samples (fs = 44.100kHz) and an overlapping of 75%. A
FFT is calculated for each frame and the differences are computed.
Fitness Function
fs
tmax 2
||O (t, f ) | − |X (t, f ) ||
Fitness = (2)
f
t=0 f =27.5Hz
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
51. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Fitness Evaluation
The original stream and the synthesized one are compared in the
frequency domain. The streams are segmented in time frames with
4096 samples (fs = 44.100kHz) and an overlapping of 75%. A
FFT is calculated for each frame and the differences are computed.
Fitness Function
fs
tmax 2
||O (t, f ) | − |X (t, f ) ||
Fitness = (2)
f
t=0 f =27.5Hz
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
52. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Algorithm Parameters
Parameters Values
Population 100
Survivor Selection Best 100 individuals (population size)
Crossover probability 75%
Mutation probability 1%
Note minimal duration 20 ms
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
53. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It must be possible to evaluate gene or gene fragments.
Each gene represents a musical note and it is not possible to
evaluate each note, especially in polyphonic parts.
The overall fitness of each individual is obtained by adding the
FFT differences over the different time frames.
It is possible to evaluate time frames (for instance, it is
possible to evaluate the behavior of an individual on a time
fragment between time=2.0s and time=4.0s).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
54. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It must be possible to evaluate gene or gene fragments.
Each gene represents a musical note and it is not possible to
evaluate each note, especially in polyphonic parts.
The overall fitness of each individual is obtained by adding the
FFT differences over the different time frames.
It is possible to evaluate time frames (for instance, it is
possible to evaluate the behavior of an individual on a time
fragment between time=2.0s and time=4.0s).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
55. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It must be possible to evaluate gene or gene fragments.
Each gene represents a musical note and it is not possible to
evaluate each note, especially in polyphonic parts.
The overall fitness of each individual is obtained by adding the
FFT differences over the different time frames.
It is possible to evaluate time frames (for instance, it is
possible to evaluate the behavior of an individual on a time
fragment between time=2.0s and time=4.0s).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
56. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It must be possible to evaluate gene or gene fragments.
Each gene represents a musical note and it is not possible to
evaluate each note, especially in polyphonic parts.
The overall fitness of each individual is obtained by adding the
FFT differences over the different time frames.
It is possible to evaluate time frames (for instance, it is
possible to evaluate the behavior of an individual on a time
fragment between time=2.0s and time=4.0s).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
57. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It is possible to map that time interval to the genes (notes)
acting on that time fragment.
If some notes on that fragment began before or end after the
time frontiers, the note is split, and only the inside part are
considered.
Later, during the recombination merge phase, if a note ends
on the exact same time that a similar note begins, notes are
merged as one, since the algorithm considers that a previous
split happened.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
58. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It is possible to map that time interval to the genes (notes)
acting on that time fragment.
If some notes on that fragment began before or end after the
time frontiers, the note is split, and only the inside part are
considered.
Later, during the recombination merge phase, if a note ends
on the exact same time that a similar note begins, notes are
merged as one, since the algorithm considers that a previous
split happened.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
59. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Remarks
It is possible to map that time interval to the genes (notes)
acting on that time fragment.
If some notes on that fragment began before or end after the
time frontiers, the note is split, and only the inside part are
considered.
Later, during the recombination merge phase, if a note ends
on the exact same time that a similar note begins, notes are
merged as one, since the algorithm considers that a previous
split happened.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
60. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Selection Operators
For global selection, the “deterministic tournament” method
was used, but in fragment selection a “non-deterministic
tournament” method was used as a means to preserve some
biodiversity.
Regarding fragment size, that in this case is measure in
seconds since we consider time fragments, the value of 5
seconds was used.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
61. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Selection Operators
For global selection, the “deterministic tournament” method
was used, but in fragment selection a “non-deterministic
tournament” method was used as a means to preserve some
biodiversity.
Regarding fragment size, that in this case is measure in
seconds since we consider time fragments, the value of 5
seconds was used.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
62. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Selection Operators
Increasing the fragment size should decrease the impact of the
operator, and decreasing fragment size has the side effect of
splitting too much the notes.
For each individual, a cache feature was implemented, that
stored the fitness values for each time frame, which means
that evaluating a time fragment is simply done by adding
fitness values of its internal time frames.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
63. Abstract
Introduction
Automatic Music Transcription
Proposed Approach
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Applying Gene Fragment Competition to Music
Transcription
Selection Operators
Increasing the fragment size should decrease the impact of the
operator, and decreasing fragment size has the side effect of
splitting too much the notes.
For each individual, a cache feature was implemented, that
stored the fitness values for each time frame, which means
that evaluating a time fragment is simply done by adding
fitness values of its internal time frames.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
64. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
65. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
New Parameters
Classic GA
Selection Deterministic Tournament (5 individuals)
Recombination 1-point time crossover
(with eventual note split)
Gene Fragment
Individual Selection Deterministic Tournament (5 individuals)
Fragment Selection Tournament (5 individuals)
Fragment size 5 secondsa
a
Resulting in 6 fragments on 30 seconds audio files.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
66. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
To analyze the impact of the presented method, several tests
were made.
The proposed method was applied on our music transcription
approach on an audio file with the first 30 seconds of the
piano performance of the Schubert’s Impromptu No.2 in E
Minor.
Each bank of tests was created with 1000 generations, and
with at least 4 different runs (the values presented correspond
to the average values).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
67. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
To analyze the impact of the presented method, several tests
were made.
The proposed method was applied on our music transcription
approach on an audio file with the first 30 seconds of the
piano performance of the Schubert’s Impromptu No.2 in E
Minor.
Each bank of tests was created with 1000 generations, and
with at least 4 different runs (the values presented correspond
to the average values).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
68. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
To analyze the impact of the presented method, several tests
were made.
The proposed method was applied on our music transcription
approach on an audio file with the first 30 seconds of the
piano performance of the Schubert’s Impromptu No.2 in E
Minor.
Each bank of tests was created with 1000 generations, and
with at least 4 different runs (the values presented correspond
to the average values).
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
69. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
In the first bank of tests, there were 3 different scenarios:
classic GA approach, static fragment size and dynamic
fragment size of the proposed method.
Average fitness values of over 1000 generations.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
70. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
In the first bank of tests, there were 3 different scenarios:
classic GA approach, static fragment size and dynamic
fragment size of the proposed method.
Average fitness values of over 1000 generations.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
71. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
Tests were made also with another audio file to confirm the
earlier results.
A 30s seconds audio file of Mozart’s Piano Sonata n. 17 in B
flat K570 was used.
Once again the proposed method presents an increase of
performance.
In this test the performance difference between static and
dynamic fragment size also increases comparatively with the
initial test.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
72. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
Tests were made also with another audio file to confirm the
earlier results.
A 30s seconds audio file of Mozart’s Piano Sonata n. 17 in B
flat K570 was used.
Once again the proposed method presents an increase of
performance.
In this test the performance difference between static and
dynamic fragment size also increases comparatively with the
initial test.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
73. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
Tests were made also with another audio file to confirm the
earlier results.
A 30s seconds audio file of Mozart’s Piano Sonata n. 17 in B
flat K570 was used.
Once again the proposed method presents an increase of
performance.
In this test the performance difference between static and
dynamic fragment size also increases comparatively with the
initial test.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
74. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
First bank of tests
Tests were made also with another audio file to confirm the
earlier results.
A 30s seconds audio file of Mozart’s Piano Sonata n. 17 in B
flat K570 was used.
Once again the proposed method presents an increase of
performance.
In this test the performance difference between static and
dynamic fragment size also increases comparatively with the
initial test.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
75. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
Average Fitness Values
Very significative gain in performance
It is important to say that in both tests by applying our operator
with dynamic size, we have achieved in only 500 generations the
same results the classical GA achieves in 1000 generations, which
is a very significative gain in performance.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
76. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Experiments and Results
Average Fitness Values
Very significative gain in performance
It is important to say that in both tests by applying our operator
with dynamic size, we have achieved in only 500 generations the
same results the classical GA achieves in 1000 generations, which
is a very significative gain in performance.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
77. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Outline
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Proposed Approach
Gene Fragment Competition
Simple Example
4 Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Automatic Music Transcription
Genetic Algorithm Approach
Applying gene fragment competition to music transcription
5 Experiments and Results
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
78. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions and Future Work
This paper has presented a Gene Fragment Competition as a
new technique for improving quality of results when applying
GAs to several signal and image processing problems.
Although the proposed method presents some requirements
that are not fulfilled on several GA applications (capability of
evaluating fragment of genes), it is shown that at least in
some scenarios can achieve an important performance
increase.
In the future, additional tests must be made to have a better
understanding of the impact of the operator applied on
different problem applications.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
79. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions and Future Work
This paper has presented a Gene Fragment Competition as a
new technique for improving quality of results when applying
GAs to several signal and image processing problems.
Although the proposed method presents some requirements
that are not fulfilled on several GA applications (capability of
evaluating fragment of genes), it is shown that at least in
some scenarios can achieve an important performance
increase.
In the future, additional tests must be made to have a better
understanding of the impact of the operator applied on
different problem applications.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
80. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions and Future Work
This paper has presented a Gene Fragment Competition as a
new technique for improving quality of results when applying
GAs to several signal and image processing problems.
Although the proposed method presents some requirements
that are not fulfilled on several GA applications (capability of
evaluating fragment of genes), it is shown that at least in
some scenarios can achieve an important performance
increase.
In the future, additional tests must be made to have a better
understanding of the impact of the operator applied on
different problem applications.
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition
81. Abstract
Introduction
Proposed Approach
Polyphonic Music Transcription Problem
Experiments and Results
Conclusions and Future Work
Thanks for your attention
Questions?
Reis, Fonseca, Fernandez, Ferreira Hybrid GA based on Gene Fragment Competition