Europeanisation can have both top-down and bottom-up impacts on public policy processes and substance. Top-down, Europeanisation restricts the policy frameworks of domestic states through institutions like the European Court of Justice and requirements around monetary and fiscal policies. However, bottom-up effects also occur as member states influence EU policies through bodies like the Council of Ministers and seek shared benefits by emulating other countries' policies and regulations. Overall, Europeanisation has led to both more homogenized policies across Europe as well as more regionalized and consultative domestic policymaking.