Estrogens are sex hormones essential for the development of female characteristics, primarily produced in the ovaries, liver, and play key roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Estrogen therapy is used for managing menopausal symptoms, contraception, and in certain medical conditions, while synthetic estrogens are well absorbed and distributed in the body. Common side effects include breast tenderness and increased cancer risks, with anti-estrogen drugs available for conditions like infertility and breast cancer.

1. ESTROGEN

2. Introduction:-
 Definition:- Estrogens are a group of sex hormones that
promote the development and maintenance of female
characteristics in the human body.
 Female sex hormone.
 Mostly estrogens are produced by women ovary, also
formed in liver.
 They are released by the follicles on the ovaries and
secreted by the corpus luteum.
 It helps the menstrual cycle, It plays a role in development
of so-called female secondary sex characteristics, such as
breasts, wider hips etc.

3. Regulation of estrogen
During puberty Hypothalamus and
Anterior Pituitary release FSH
which stimulate the secretion of
estrogen from ovary.
In ovary theca cells and Granulosa
cells release estrogen in to the blood
stream.
Daily secretion 10-100mcg.
During pregnancy large quantity
release up to 30 mg/day.
Post menopausal- 2-10 mcg/day.
Fig:- Estrogen secretion

4. Different Types Estrogen(1)
:-
Natural Estrogen Synthetic Estrogen
Steroid Synthetic Nonsteroidal Synthesis
Estradiol Esthinly Estradiol Diethylstilbestrol
Estrone Mestranol Chlorotrianisene
Estriol Quinestrol Methallenestrill
The major estrogen produced by women are Estradiol,
Estrone and Estriol.
Estradiol is the major secretory product of the ovary.
Most estrones and estrios are formed in liver from
Estradiol.

5. Mechanism Of Action:-
Fig:- Mechanism Of Action Of Estrogen(2)
ERE:- estrogen response element; ER:- estrogen receptor

6. Therapeutic use(2)
:-
Postmenopausal HT:- The primary indication for estrogen
therapy in postmenopausal women is menopausal symtoms,
such as vasomotor instability and vaginal atrophy.
Contraception:- The combination of estrogen and
progestogen provides effective contraception via the oral,
transdermal, or vaginal route.
Other uses:- Estrogen use to development of secondary sex
characteristics in young women with primary hypogonadism.

7. Pharmacokinetics(2)
:-
Naturally occurring estrogen:- The agents absorbed
through the gastrointestinal track, skin, and
mucous membranes. Metabolized by microsomal
enzymes of the liver. Although there is some first-
pass metabolism.
Synthetic estrogen analogs:- these compounds are
well absorbed after oral administration. They are
stored in adipose tissue, from where they are
released slowly.
Metabolism:- estrogens are transported in the
blood bound to serum albumin or sex hormone-
binding globulin. To reduce first-pass metabolism,
the drugs may be administered via the transdermal
route (patch, topic gel), intravaginally ( tablet,
cream, or ring), or by injection.
Absorption(3)
Well absorbed orally
Distribution(3)
Natural estrogens are largely
plasma protein bound.
Metabolism(3)  Converted to estrone and vice
versa in liver.
 It converted to estriol.
 Sulfation & conjugation.
Excretion(3)
• Duo to de conjugation is
intestine.
• Mainly excreted in urine,

8. Adverse Effect(2)
:-
 Moat common of estrogen therapy:- Breast tenderness,
Hypertension,
Nausea.
 Postmenopausal uterine bleeding:- To avoid confusion with vaginal bleeding
caused by endometrial cancer, use the smallest amounts of estrogen cyclically.
 Increased risk for breast and endometrial cancer.

9. Anti Estrogen Drugs(2)
:-
Competitive estrogen
receptor
Aromatase
inhibitors
SERMS(selective estrogen
receptor modulators)
• Inhibit negative
feedback of
estrogen in anterior
pituitary.
• Use:- treatment of
male, female
infertility
• Drug:- Clomiphene
Citrate (given
orally)
• Decrease
estrogen level
in body.
• Use:-
treatment of
Breast cancer
• Drug:-
Letrozole
• Work as partial
agonist.
• Use:- treatment of
Osteoporosis &
Breast cancer.
• Drug:-
Tamoxifen,
Raloxifene

10. Thank You