For centuries, women were largely excluded from the field of mathematics. Only men were considered intelligent enough to be mathematicians. However, in ancient Greece, there was a secret society led by Pythagoras that considered both men and women equal. One of its members, Theano, made early discoveries in mathematics but was unable to publicly take credit for her work. Throughout history, other notable women mathematicians like Hypatia of Alexandria and Emmy Noether faced discrimination and obstacles but still made important contributions. Today, standardized test scores show no gender differences in math abilities among students. While some biases may still exist, gender equality in mathematics education is growing.

1. Gender in MathGender in Math

2. In the past there was NO EQUALITY in Math!!!!!!
Women were not recognised as possible good mathematicians
Only MEN were considered to be smart enought to be briliant
mathematicians
Exemples along the history of Mathematics:
Theano Hypatia EmmyEmmy
NoetherNoether

3. In Crotona, 5 centuries before Christ, there was a man called Pythagoras who
founded a secret society that studied philosophy and mathematics. All its
members, men and women were
considered equal and all knowledge was for the greater good.
One of the young disciples was Theano, a young girl with a bright
mind.
Even her discovery was the start of finding the golden number
she could not show that to the people from Athens. A male
figure had to present these discoveries.
A revolt against the authority of the Pythagorean society led Pythagoras to
suffer a violent death. After the tragedy it was Theano who took charge and
continued his work, becoming the first known woman mathematician in history
Theano of Croton
– philosopher and mathematician

4. Hypatia of AlexandriaHypatia of Alexandria
-- she taught philosophyshe taught philosophy,, astronomy andastronomy and
mathematicsmathematics
Hypatia was the only daughter of the mathematician Theon of Alexandria. She
used to help her father at his work, learning near him.
When Theon dies of illness, Hypatia takes his place as the faculty
headmaster.
She was writeing about her father”s work and continuing his legacy, teaching
math, philosophy and astronomy. So people started rumors about her. How
could this be possible? A woman, not learning, but teaching science?
Hypatia was murdered during an episode of city-wide anger stemming.

5. Emmy Noether -Emmy Noether - Jewish mathematician that had
contributions to abstract
algebra and theoretical physics
In 1915, Emmy Noether was working for 7 years without pay and credit at
Elrangen but she wished that she could explain and teach her work herself,
instead of giving ger work on a plate to her professor, and letting him receive
all the praise David Hilbert and Felix Klein, two successful mathematicians
visited her to deliver a business proposal: they invited her to their university
in Gottingen where she could teach under her own name and get the credits
she deserve but without pay.
At the call of Albert Einstein and others, she moved to the United States
where she continued to fulfill her destiny.
Emmy Noether was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert
Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, and Norbert
Wiener as the most important woman in the history of
mathematics.

6. Is there equality in mathIs there equality in math
TODAY?TODAY?
Over the past generation, standardized tests have seen that gender gap
completely disappear. First among elementary and middle schools,
then among high schools, and today, male and female students achieve
identical average math scores on the National Exams.
In the last years the gender inequalities have dissapeard
due to lots of programs that promoted this ideea.

7. The students from the 8 A grade from the Gimnazium
”Horea, Cloșca and Crișan” from Brad, Romania presented a
sort theatre act that describes how mathematician women
were seen long time ago.
th
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HslOubWWA9g&feature=youtu.be

8. There are still people, even today, who steadfastly
believe that there are more male mathematicians and
physics professors (among other fields) not because
women are being treated and judged differently or
unfairly, but because men are naturally superior to
women at this.
But this is just an opinion of some people, and in a few
years there willl be complete gender equality in schools
and in mathematics also.
There is also a ”But”!There is also a ”But”!

9. Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Oana-Maria Pârva - Mathematics Teacher
Gimnazium ”Horea, Cloșca and Crișan” Brad - Romania

10. Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Oana-Maria Pârva - Mathematics Teacher
Gimnazium ”Horea, Cloșca and Crișan” Brad - Romania