The document discusses the concept of end-feel in joint range of motion (ROM) examination, categorizing it into types based on the structures limiting the joint movement. It describes normal and abnormal end-feels such as soft, firm, hard, and empty, along with their characteristics and implications for joint assessment. Accurate measurement and practice are emphasized for effective evaluation of end-feel.

2.  Feeling, which is experienced by an examiner
as a barrier to further motion at the end of a
passive ROM.

3.  Joint capsule
 Ligament
 Passive tension in soft tissue
(muscle,fascia,skin, soft tissue
approximation, contact of joint.)

4.  this classify on the basis of type of structure
that limit the joint ROM.
 Each normal limitation has a characteristic
feeling.

5.  Requires practice
 End-feel must be carried out slowly and
carefully
 Requires safe and accurate performance of
goniometery.

6.  Cyriax, keltenborn have describe variety of
normal and abnormal endfeel.

7. Soft
• Soft tissue approximation
• Knee flexion
Hard
• Bone contacting to bone
• Elbow extension
Firm
• Muscular- hip flexion with knee straight
• Capsular-extension of metacarpophalangeal joint.
• Ligamentous- forearm supination.

8.  Occurs sooner or later in ROM than usual.
 Joint that have normally has other end feel
than actual feeling.

9.  Types
1. Soft – feels like boggy (soft tissue edema,
Synovitis)
2. Firm- increase muscle tone, capsular,
muscular, ligamentous and facial shortening
3. Hard- feel like bony block.( OA, Losse bodies,
fracture, myositis ossificans )
4. Empty- no real end feel because of pain,
prevent reaching end of ROM.
(acute inflammation, bursitis, acute fracture,
psychogenic disorder.)