The Presentation for The Neuroscience and Addiction Conference 2009, presented by Horacio A. Capote, M.D.

3. Inhibitory/Control Reward Memory/Learning Functional Neuroanatomy of Addiction

4. Converging Acute Actions of Drugs of Abuse on the Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens From: Nestler EJ, Nat Neurosci , 2005, 8:1445-1449.

5. Ventral Pallidum NA Core PFCortex VTA Basolateral Amygdala MDthalamus Extended Amygdala Central amydala BNST NA Shell Dopamine GABA glutamate Circuitry Mediating Goal-directed Behavior ?? Amygdala - FEAR- motivated behaviors Nucleus Accumbens - Reward-motivated behaviors Prefrontal Cortex - Valence of stimulus Expression of motivated behavior Extended Amygdala - Stressor-induced behaviors Functional Neuroanatomy of Addiction

8. Positive and negative affective stimuli (IAPS) Negative Positive Pharmacotherapy: New Targets --- NK1 Courtesy of Markus Heilig, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical Director NIAAA/NIH

9. Attenuated fMRI responses to negative affective stimuli following treatment with LY686017 (George et al, Science 2008) Placebo LY686017 Courtesy of Markus Heilig, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical Director NIAAA/NIH Inferior frontal gyus/insula Parahippocampal gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus p < 0.001 p < 0.01

10. Up-regulated fMRI responses to positive affective stimuli following treatment with LY686017 (George et al, Science 2008) Placebo LY686017 Courtesy of Markus Heilig, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical Director NIAAA/NIH Anterior cingulate/ caudate Thalamus Caudate (head) Lingual gyrus Nucleus accumbens/ putamen p < 0.001 p < 0.01

19. Immunotherapy

25. Gold nanorod (GNR) – fluorescent siRNA Nanoplex: Optical tracking of time dependent transport across BBB using in vitro model Compliments of Indrijat Roy, Ph.D. Confocal images of fluorescent siRNA showing enhanced staining of cells with time, thus indicating BBB transport www.photonics.buffalo.edu The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

26. Nanoparticle mediated gene silencing: Implications in drug addiction therapy Compliments of Indrijat Roy, Ph.D. Gene silencing efficiency of gold nanorod (GNR)-siRNA nanoplex is higher than that obtained using commercial agent (siPORT) www.photonics.buffalo.edu The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

28. Gene Therapy Complements of Scott J. Russo, M.D., Ph.D.

33. TMS

34. TMS

37. DBS

39. DBS Ncl. accumbens Courtesy of Jens Kuhn, M.D.

40. The machine does not isolate man from the great problems of nature but plunges him more deeply into them. ~Saint-Exupéry, Wind, Sand, and Stars , 1939